Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov. Years of siyaasadda dawladda

Mikhail Fedorovich noqday Tsar ugu horeysay ee Russian ah ee guri ammaan Romanov ah. Dhammaadka February 1613 uu soo xulay taliyaha boqortooyada u Zemsky Ruush ah Sobor. boqorkii wuxuu noqday dhaxal ahaan ma generic, ma by qabashada awoodda, oo ma aha kuwa uu guleeystay. Mikhail Fedorovich loo doortay by Ilaah iyo dadka, iyo waqti in uu ahaa sano oo kaliya 16 jir. Boqornimadiisa lahaa waqti aad u adag. Mikhail Fedorovich sida qaddar lahaa in dhibaatooyinka dhaqaale iyo siyaasadeed oo halis ah ka qabtaan, oo ka mid fowdo ah, taas oo ay ahayd ka dib markii rabshado ka, in ay kor u qaadeen oo la xoojiyo dhaqaalaha, si ay u sii soohdinta reer Fatherland ah, dillacshay dalka. Laakiin wax ugu weyn ee - si uu u qabto iyo gurigii Romanov hagaajin carshiga Ruush.

Romanov guri ammaan. Mihail Fedorovich Romanov

qoyska Romanov waxay leeyihiin Boyar Fedora Nikiticha, kuwaas oo markii dambe u noqday Wadaad Filaret, iyo Xenia Ivanovna (Shestova), July 12, 1596 wuxuu lahaa wiil. Magiciisiina waxay u bixiyeen Michael. qoyska Romanov waxaa la xiriira guri ammaan Rurikovich iyo aad u qani ah oo si fiican u yaqaan, wuxuuna ahaa. qoysaska boyar Tani waxay leedahay guryaha baaxad weyn, ma aha oo kaliya in qayb ka mid ah waqooyiga iyo bartamaha of Russia, laakiin sidoo kale on Don iyo Ukraine. Marka ugu horeysa, Michael waalidka uu Moscow ku noolaa, laakiin 1601. qoyskiisa dhacday gaalimadoodu oo waxaa la hoos geliyey Dullayn. Talada haya halka Boris Godunov sheegay in Romanovs diyaariya dhagarta oo aad rabto inaad isaga oo gargaar ka qurub sixir dilaan. xasuuqii raaceen - xubno badan oo ka tirsan qoyska Romanov ayaa lagu xiray. In June 1601. kulan ee ugu Boyar Duma ku ladhay: Fedor Nikitich iyo walaalaha uu: Alexander, Michael, Vasily iyo Ivan - waa in la diiday, hantida, lagu qasbay in ay ka gooyay wadaad ah, musaafuriyay oo xabsi meelo kala duwan uga fogeyn caasimada. Fedor Nikitich loo diray Antony of Siya keniisad, oo ku yaalla cidlo, oo meel cidla ah, 165 miles ka Mikaa'iil, oo webiga Dvina kor. Waxay ahayd halkaas in aabbihiis Mikhail Fedorovich hagaajiyeen ee suufiyadoodii oo la odhan jiray Filaret. Hooyo KT mustaqbalka, Xenia Ivanovna, ayaa lagu eedeeyay oo ah in dambi ka dhan ah ay boqortooyadu ugu xoogaysato iyo diray maxaabiis ahaan degmada Novgorod ah, qabuuraha Tol-Egoryevsky lahaa keniisad Vazhitskomu. Halkan timaheeda wada Nuun a, Maarta la odhan jiray, oo xabsi dhisme yar, oo colal ku bowd sare.

Link Mikhail Fedorovich in Byelozero

Little Michael, oo ahaa wakhtigaas sannaddiisii lixaad, musaafuriyay oo ay la socdaan siddeed sano walaashiis Tatyana Fedorovna Gabdhaha Abtiyadaa, Marfoyu Nikitichnoy Cherkassky, Ulyanoy Semenovoy iyo Daahir Riyaale Nikitichna on Beloozero. Waxaa, wiilka koray in jawi aad u xun, nafaqo, xanuunsaday dhibaatada iyo privations. In 1603, Boris Godunov jilcincy xukunka iyo oggol yahay Michael hooyadiis, Martha Ivanovna, soo caruurta Beloozero. ka dib markii A gaaban KT ogol yahay in ay dib u dajinta dadkii maxaabiisnimada ka degmada Yuriev-Polsky, in tuulada Klin - Romanovs fiefdom hooyo. In 1605, uu qabtay awooda Beenta Dmitry waxaan, oo raba si ay u caddeeyaan qaraabonimo la la odhan ka Romanov soo laabtay ka badbaaday Moscow wakiilada ay ka masaafuriyey, oo ay ku jiraan qoyska of Michael, oo naftiisa. Fedor Nikitich la siiyey dhacay dilal Rostov.

Smoot. Dawladdu waxay weerarku ee Moscow, boqorka mustaqbalka

In times adag ka 1606dii in 1610 sano, xeerarka Vasiliy Shuysky. Muddadan dhacdooyin badan oo riwaayado ka dhacay Russia. Ku jiraan muuqday iyo koray "tuugo" dhaqdhaqaaqa, kacdoonkii soo ridayeen ah, taasoo keentay I. Bolotnikov. markii qaar ka mid ah ka dib, wuxuu Ciyaalle la firin cusub, "Tushino" Been Dmitry II. faragelinta Polish bilaabay. Ciidamada Commonwealth qabtay Smolensk. Boyars Shuisky lagu afgembiyey ka yimid carshiga ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqda ah in uu wax qamaam ah gabagabeeyay heshiis Sweden Vyborg. Under heshiiskan, kuwa iswiidhishka lagu heshiiyey si ay u caawiyaan Russia inay la diriraan Dmitry ku Been, iyo in soo laabashada helay Peninsula Kola ah. Nasiib darro, soo gunaanaday heshiis Vyborg ma badbaadin Russia - Poles ciidankiisii oo Ruush-Swedish in dagaalka Klushinskoy oo furay laftiisa habab ee Moscow. Wakhtigan, boyars ah, socda dalka, mubaayacoonayo ina boqorkii dalka Commonwealth Sigismund ah, Vladislav. Wadankaas ayaa waxa loo kala qaybiyey laba kooxood. In muddo ah ka 1610 in 1613 sano kacdoonkii anti-Polish dadka soo sara kacay. In 1611 waxaa la aasaasay maleeshiyada hoos imaanaya hoggaanka Lyapunov, laakiin waxa ay ka adkaadeen oo ku taal duleedka Moscow. In 1612 abuuraa maleeshiyada labaad. Waxaa la madax Dmitry Pozharsky iyo Kuzma Minin. In xagaaga soo daahay ee 1612 waxaa jiray dagaal daran, kaas oo uu ku guuleystay ciidamada Ruush. Hetman Chodkiewicz gurteen Buuraha Vorobiev in. By dhamaadka October ciidamada dalka Ruushka ka bariyeelay Moscow ka polish ah ee dalku ku sugan, sugayaan gargaar ka Sigismund. boyars Ruush, oo ay ku jiraan Mikhail Fedorovich la hooyadiis Maarta, qabsaday, jirdilay by gaajo iyo saboolnimo, ayaa ugu dambeyntii sii daayay.

dilka isku dayay of Fyodor Mikhailovich

hareereeyo adag ee Moscow Ka dib, Mikhail Fedorovich u tageen inay fiefdom Kostroma. Halkan, King mustaqbalka dirqi kaga baxsaday inuu ku dhinto gacanta koox burcad ah ee Poles joogay ee keniisad Railway-Borovsky oo raadinaya hab lagu Domnino. Halkay of ridayeen Mikhail Fedorovich Ivan Susanin, kuwaas oo si iskeed ah si tuugo u tuso jidka u galay boqorkii mustaqbalka iyo iyaga keentay in dhinaca ka soo horjeeda, si ay meelaheeda dhoobada ah. Boqor A mustaqbalka qax keniisad ee Yusupov ah. Ivan Susanin jirdilay, laakiinse ma uu soo bandhigno meesha uu Romanov ah. Taasi carruurnimada adag oo ay qaan ahaayeen boqorkii mustaqbalka, waa kuwa 5 sano jir ah, waxaa qasab ah soocay waalidkood oo uu hooyadaa aabbeheed ku nool noqday agoon ah, waxa ay soo martay dhibaatooyinkii go'doomin ka dunida ka baxsan, jahli ku hareereeyo iyo gaajo.

Zemsky Sobor 1613 doorashada ee Mikhail Fedorovich

Ka dib markii eryidda oo ka mid ah boyars duulay iyo maleeshiyada uu hogaaminayo Prince Pozharsky ahaa go'aan si ay u doortaan boqor cusub. February 7, 1613 at doorashada hordhaca ah ee Sirkaalkii ka Galich soo jeediyay in enthrone wiilkiisa Filaret, Mikhail Fedorovich. Dhammaan musharixiinta uu qaraabonimo ahaa ugu dhow qoyska Rurik ah. In magaalooyin badan ayaa u diray wargeeyayaal inay u ogaato opinion dadka. February 21, 1613 doorashada finalka lagu qabtay. Dadku waxay go'aansatay: "In madax Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov." Iyadoo go'aankan, Safaaradda gano ah inay u wargaliyaan doorashada Tsar Mikhail Romanov. March 14, 1613 danjirayaasha, Ulasocto socod ah, si keniisad Ipatiev iyo timid garaacay qarkeedii Nuun Maarta. qancinta Long ugu dambeyntii yimaado miro, iyo Mihail Fedorovich Romanov ku heshiiyeen in ay boqor noqday. Kaliya 2 May 1613 dhammaado a galo shir quduus weyn si madax bannaan Moscow - marka, in uu ra'yi, caasimadda, iyo Kremlin ahaa diyaar u ah inuu aqbalo. July 11 waxaa lagu caleemo saaray boqortooyada Boqortooyada cusub - Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov. xaflad weyn oo lagu qabtay Cathedral male ah.

Bilowgii boqornimadii Emperor ah

Mikhail Fedorovich qaaday kelyaha dildillaacsan, Halaagnay iyo dhammaaday dalka. In times adag tahay dadka loo baahan yahay KT kaliya oo caynkaas ah - deeqsi ah, soo jiidasho badan, qabow, nooca, iyo deeqsi ah waqti isku mid ah oo ku saabsan tayada nafta. La yaab ma laha dadkiina waxay isagii ka loo yaqaan "tur." shakhsiyadda boqorka ka caawiyay in la xoojiyo xooggii Romanovs ah. Guriga Politika Mihaila Fedorovicha bilowgii oo boqornimadiisa, waxaa loogu talagalay soo celinta kala dambeynta dalka. hawl muhiim ah waa in la baabi'iyo burcadda ah brigands gadhay meel kasta. Iyada oo yaabbaa Cossack Ivan Zarutsky dagaallameen dhab ah, taas oo dhalisay in qabashada maxaabiista iyo dil ku xiga. Dhibaatooyinka Ba'an ee qastaan. In 1613, qaybinta dalalka dadweynaha u baahan tahay ayaa la fuliyay.

go'aamada istiraatiiji ah oo muhiim ah - xabad joojin ah la Sweden

Dibadda Politika Mihaila Fedorovicha waxaa ku urursan on gabagabeeyo heshiis xabbad joojin ah oo la Sweden iyo joojinta dagaalka kula Poland. In 1617 wuxuu ahaa qurxiyey heshiis Stolbovsky. Qoraalkan waxa si rasmi ah dhammaaday dagaal kula Sweden, kaas oo socday muddo saddex sano ah. Haddaba dalalkan Novgorod kala qaybsameen dhexeeya Empire Ruushka (magaalada qabsaday ayuu u soo noqday: Veliky Novgorod, Ladoga, Gdov, Porkhov, gobolka Staraya Poli iyo Sumerskaya) iyo boqortooyada Sweden (uu helay Ivangorod, Koporje, badda, Korela, Oreshek, Neva). Waxaa intaa dheer, Moscow lahaa in ay bixiyaan lacag aan yareyn oo Sweden - 20 kun rubles oo lacag ah. dunida Stolbovsky gooyay dalka ka badda bari, laakiin Moscow Gaba xabad this ogol yahay in ay sii wadaan dagaalka kula Poland.

Buuxinta dagaal Ruush-Polish. Return of Filaret Wadaad ah

dagaal Ruush-Polish socday, iyadoo kala duwan guusha, tan iyo 1609. In 1616 ciidamada cadowga, madax Władysław Vasa oo hetman Yanom Hodkevichem, duulay dhulka Ruush, ee raba inay afgembiyaan carshiga Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich. Waxa lagu gaadhi karo oo kaliya Mozhaisk, halkaas oo la joojiyay. Laga soo bilaabo 1618 in ciidanka uu ku biiray ciidankii reer Ukraine Cossacks Hetman P. Sahaidachny madax. ciidamada isku dhafka ah ay xoog ku soo galeen Moscow, laakiin waxa uu ku guul daraystay. Ciidamada Polish gurteen iyo degeen meel u dhaw keniisad Trinity-taliye Sergiyos Bawlos. Sidaas darteed, waxay kooxuhu ku heshiiyeen in ay ka doodaan oo heshiis xabbad joojin ah la saxiixay tuulada Deulina December 11, 1618, kaas oo ku dhamaaday dagaalka Ruush-Polish. Shuruudaha heshiiska ahaayeen allifey, laakiin dowladda Ruush ku heshiiyeen in ay iyaga ku aqbali si ay u joojiyaan xasilooni gudaha iyo dib u dhiska dalka. Under heshiiska, Russia dambaysaa Rzeczpospolita Roslavl, Dorogobuzh, Smolensk, Novgoro-Seversky, Chernigov, Serpeysk iyo magaalooyin kale. Sidoo kale inta lagu guda jiro wadahadalka waxa la isku raacay in ay is dhaafsadaan maxaabiis. July 1, 1619 on webiga Polyanovka ayaa la isweydaarsaday maxaabiista iyo Filaret, boqorku wuxuu ku aabbihiis ugu dambeyntii guryahoodii bay ku noqdeen. markii qaar ka mid ah ka dib, wuxuu ku amray in awowe.

Diarchy. Go'aanka xigmadda lahaa oo laba taliyayaasha dunida oo Ruush

Boqortooyada Ruush loo adkayn lahaa wax-u xoog dual. Wada jir ah ula aabbihiis, awowe Mikhail Fedorovich waxay bilaabeen inay maamulaan. Waxa uu, sida boqorka qudhiisaba, waxaa la siiyey horyaalka ah "taliye weyn". In 28 sano, Mikhail Fedorovich guursaday Maria Vladimirovna Dolgoruky. Laakiin sannad ka dib ayay ku dhinteen. mar labaad, Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich guursaday Evdokii Lukyanovne Streshnevoy. Inta lagu guda jiro sano ee guurka waxay isagii u dhashay toban carruur ah. Guud ahaan, Politika Mihaila Fedorovicha iyo Filaret ayaa loogu talagalay dhexe ee awoodda, dib u soo celinta dhaqaalaha iyo buuxiyo khasnaddii. In June 1619 waxaa la go'aamiyay in a canshuurta dalka halakeeyey waa la qaadi doonaa by Raqiib ama cadastres. Waxaa la go'aansaday in ay fuliyaan tirakoobka dadweynaha ah mar kale in la dhiso size dhabta ah ee dakhliga canshuurta. In goobta soo diray culimmo iyo dozorschiki. In boqornimadii Mihaila Fedorovicha Romanova si loo hagaajiyo nidaamka canshuuraha ururinayaan buugaagta oo karraanigii ahaa laba jeer soo saaray. Tan iyo 1620 duurka waxaa loo doortay by taliyayaashii iyo odayaasha, si ay u sii si.

Soo celinta Moscow

Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Mikhail Fedorovich si tartiib tartiib ah dib loo soo celiyo caasimadda iyo magaalooyinka kale, burburiyay intii rabshado ah. In 1624 waxaa la dhisay teendhadii Stone iyo saacad duwanyihiin badan munaaraddii Spasskaya iyo belfry dhisay Filaret. In sano ee 1635-1636 ayaa la dhisay Qolol dhagax waayo, boqorkii iyo farcankiisa meel sare oo alwaax laga jir. 15 kaniisadaha ayaa la dhisay on dhulka Nicholas iyo ilaa iriddii Spassky ah. Waxa intaa dheer in dib u dhiska ee ka jira magaalooyinka baabbi'iyey, siyaasadda Mihaila Fedorovicha Romanova waxaa loogu talagalay enslavement dheeraad ah oo beeralay ah. In 1627, sharciga waxaa loo abuuray in la oggol yahay kuwii gobta ahaa dardaaranka dalka (boqorkii waxaa loo isticmaalay inay tan sameeyaan). Intaa waxaa dheer, set oo ah shan basaasnimo yaroow soo orday, oo in 1637 ahaa la kordhiyey ilaa 9 sano, iyo in 1641-m - ilaa 10 sano.

Abuuritaanka regiments ciidan cusub

hawl muhiim ah oo Mikhail Romanov ahaa abuurista ciidan qaran oo joogto ah. In 30-mada. qarnigii XVII waxaa jiray "gadhi nidaamka cusub." iyaga ka mid ah waxaa ka kooban carruurta boyars 'iyo dadka oo lacag la'aan ah, iyo ajinebiga ayaa laga aqbalay jagada ka mid ah saraakiisha. 1642dii waxa ay bilaabeen tababarka dadka military oo safafka shisheeye. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay bilaabeen inay u sameeyaan askari Reitarska iyo regiments dragoon awr. Sidoo kale doortay laba regiments Moscow ayaa la abuuray, kuwaasi oo ay ka dib u yeedhay Lefortovo iyo Butyrsky (ka degsiimooyinka, kuwaasi oo ay ku yaalaan).

horumarinta warshadaha

Waxa intaa dheer in abuurka ah ee ciidanka, boqorkii Mihail Fedorovich Romanov isku dayeen si ay u horumariyaan farsamada kala duwan ee dalka. Dawladda ayaa ahayd inuu u soo yeedho on saarayaasha shisheeye (prospectors, aasaasayaasha, gunsmiths) on shuruudaha wanaagsan. In Moscow, dejinta Jarmalka ayaa waxaa la aasaasay, halkaas oo ay ku noolaayeen oo ka shaqeeyeen sidii Injineer ah iyo ciidamada shisheeye. In 1632 warshadda for ridaya diirkja iyo qoryaha dhow Tula la dhisay. Horumarinta iyo warshadaha dharka, yard Velvet furay Moscow. Waxaa lagu qaaday kiiska maro jilicsan tababarka. In Kadashevskaya Sloboda bilaabay saarka dharka.

halkii ay ka gunaanad

Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov ku geeriyooday da'da 49 sano. Waxaa dhacay July 12, 1645. Natiijadan ayaa waxa ay ka mid ah hawlaha ay dawladda ahaa gobolka deji, rabshado u doodaya, in la aasaaso awood dhexe, Xoolo, uplift, soo celinta dhaqaalaha, warshadaha iyo ganacsiga. Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Romanov hore joojiyay dagaalka kula Sweden iyo Poland, iyo marka lagu daro, xiriirka diblomaasiyadeed la leedahay dalalka Yurub ayaa la aasaasay.