Maxaa maamula Stalin Prize? Stalin Prize guusha

muwaadiniinta Soviet, kuwaas oo guul fiican duurka mid ka mid ah waxqabad, dhiirigelinayaa by abaalmarinta ugu weyn ee dalka. Stalin Prize isku halleeyeen kuwa qoto dheer hagaagtay hababka wax soo saarka, iyo sidoo kale abuuray ee aragtiyaha sayniska, teknoolajiyada, tusaalooyin fiican farshaxanka (suugaanta, masraxa, shineemada, rinjiyeynta, farshaxan, naqshadaha).

doisprezece Stalin

Waxaa jiray abaalmarinta ka dib markii hogaamiyaha for saddex iyo toban sannadood la odhan jiray - ka 1940 ilaa 1953, oo la aasaasay wax yar ka hor - in December 1939. Stalin Prize ma lahayn fund gobolka, abaalmarinahaas kabay by I. V. Stalina ka mushaar shakhsi, kaas oo sida uu sheegay xaalada weyn - laba jagooyinka ay bixisay toban kun oo rubles bishiiba.

Foundation Prize oo ahaa lacagta daabacaadda buugaagta ee hoggaamiyaha ee USSR iyo dibadda, kaas oo sidoo kale in badan oo ka mid ah iyo lacag bixinta wakhtigaas ahaayeen halkii weyn (Alexey Tolstoy xataa noqday millionaire ugu horeysay ee Soviet). Stalin Prize qaaday lacag badan, ku dhowaad dhammaan. Taasi waa sababta ka dib geeridii hogaamiyihii ee ay buugga kaydka hadhay wadarta jaban - sagaal boqol rubles, halka celceliska mushaharka shaqaalaha inta badan ka badnayn toddoba boqol.

story

In 1939, bishii December, waxaa si rasmi ah u dabaal-guuradii sixtieth hoggaamiyihii, iyo xagga sharaftaba of dhacdadan waxaa jiray abaalmarinta a magiciisa. Bishii Febraayo 1940, hore u CPC go'aansaday in la dhiso a Prize boqol oo kun oo rubles (degree 1-deedii), konton kun (degree 2aad), iyo shan iyo labaatan kun rubles (Darajada 3) shuqullada wanaagsan ee suugaanta (tiraab, gabayada, riwaayadaha, dhaleeceyn suugaanta) iyo sidoo kale horumarka meelaha kale ee fanka. Intaa waxaa dheer, an tirooyinka marks abaalmarinta sannadlaha ah kuwaas oo kaalin gaar ah ay u sayniska, dhaqanka, technology iyo urur ee wax soo saarka.

In 1941 Stalin Prize la siiyey ku guuleysatay ee ugu horeysay. Record tirada abaal Prize Stalin noqday SV Ilyushin ah, diyaaradda caan ah, toddoba jeer oo ay fiiro gaar ah ee hogaamiyaha calaamadeeyay. Lix jeer helay filim abaalmarinta Yu. A. Rayzman iyo I. A. Pyrev qoraa K. Simonov, naqshadeeye diyaaradaha A. S. Yakovlev, laxamiistaha S. S. Prokofev iyo kuwa kale. Actress Marina Ladynina iyo Alla Tarasova noqday guusha shanta jeer ee Prize Stalin ee.

hay'ad

Stalin Prize ee USSR ah (asal ahaan loo yaqaan Prize Stalin ah) waxaa la aasaasay by laba xeerarka. Commissars labaatanaad December 1939 Dadka ku xukunay waa lix iyo toban abaalmarinta sanadlaha ah ee Stalin ee (100 kun) abaalmarinta of Science iyo Art for shaqada fiican ee meelaha, farsamo, jir ahaan iyo xisaabta, noolaha, kiimikada, caafimaadka, beeraha, dhaqaalaha, falsafada, sharci iyo taariikhda iyo philological Sciences, rinjiyeynta, music, farshaxan, tiyaatar, farshaxanka, naqshadaha, shineemo.

Waxaa la aasaasay sida toban-marinno oo ahaa darajadii ugu horeysay, iyo labaatan - labaad iyo soddon - derajada saddexaad ka war abuurashadoodii ugu fiican, oo lagu daray seddex ka mid ah abaalmarinta ugu horeysay degree, shan - iyo toban labaad - degree saddexaad guulihii aad u fiican oo duurka ku ah aqoonta ciidamada. xukun A gaar ah oo ku saabsan qorayaasha, kaas oo sanad walba la siiyay by Prize Stalin ee, waxaa loo sameeyey in February 1940, iyo waxa la tilmaamay in afarta guuleystay abaalmarinta ugu horeysay ee isku halaynta qaab kasta oo dhaqdhaqaaq suugaanta, tiraab, gabayo, dhaleeceyn suugaaneed, riwaayado.

isbedel

Cabbirka Prize Stalin ee rubles iyo tirada abaalmarinahaas beddeleen marar badan, oo aan marnaba yaraadaan, ayaa dhanka kale - halkii ay ka mid guusha oo ahaa darajadii ugu horeysay, tusaale ahaan, in 1940 waxaa saddex qayb kasta noqday. In 1942 Prize (heerka kowaad) kordhay laba boqol oo kun oo rubles. Intaa waxaa dheer, a cusub ee 1949 - International "Waayo, xoojinta nabadda dadyowga dhexdooda". Qaybisay premium si toos ah CPC, taas oo labada ad hoc guddiyada la abuuray, mid shaqeeyay darto abaalmarino sayniska, aqoonta military iyo Been, iyo tan labaad oo ku hawlan suugaanta iyo farshaxanka.

First arkay oo keliya shuqullada cusub in la soo dhamaystiro mudo sanad ah la siiyo. Codsadayaasha dhameystiro doonaan shaqadooda waqti gudahood ka dib markii dhexe ee October, in liiska ee sanadka soo socda u dhacay. Markaas marka la eego ayaa la dib loo eegay, oo ku guuleystay uu noqon karo dadka waxay kasbadeen abaalmarinta shaqada ee lix ama toddoba sano ee lasoo dhaafay. Sayidka, abaalmarinta la siiyay isu Stalin ee xaaladaha wanaagsan. Cad badan oo muujinaya in Stalin door toos ah qaybinta abaalmarino magiciisa ku (iyo dhaqaalaha iyaga u gaar ah), mararka qaarkood go'aanka waxaa loo sameeyey ku dhowaad hal-fadeexadi.

tirtiridda

Ka dib markii dhimasho Stalin ee, doonista waa inaan laga helin, sidaas ajuurada daabacaadda looma isticmaali karo si kor loogu qaado Liibaanay. Ka dib markii 1954 Stalin Prize dayn inay ka jiraan. Markaasaa waxaa u timid xilli caan tahay ciribtirka nidaam ee hoggaamiyaha.

In 1956, Prize Lenin ah waxaa la aasaasay, taas oo bedelay dul Stalin. guusha Stalin Prize ka dib 1966 bedeshay shahaadado iyo suldada sharafeed. Xitaa magaca ay isbedeshay oo dhan hab, buugaag iyo tixraac buugaagta Stalin noqday kuwa loo yaqaan State USSR ee Prize. Macluumaadka ku saabsan ku guuleysatay la qarinayo oo isku duraa.

kala qaybinta awoodaha

Waxaa jiray qaraar gaar ah oo CPC ku saabsan qaybinta siman abaalmarinta u dhexeeya dhawr ka qaybgalayaasha in shuqul kasta oo ah taas oo lagu abaalmariyey. Haddii siiyay abaalmarinta laba qof (co-qorayaasha), tiriya si siman waxaa loo kala qaybiyey. On saddex qaybinta ahaa kala duwan, madaxa ay sii kala bar iyo laba qaab - in ka badan rubuc ka mid ah wadarta guud. Haddii dadka aad bay u badnaayeen, tababaraha helo saddex meelood oo meel, iyo inta kale si siman u qaybsan kooxda.

guusha koowaad ee Prize Stalin ee Physics - P. L. Kapitsa, xisaabta - A. N. Kolmogorov, biology - T. D. Lysenko, in dawada - A. A. Bogomolets, xigeenka Filatov, NN Burdenko waayo cilmi dhul - V. A. Obruchev, ayuu yiri for war abuurashadoodii ah, V. gunsmith yaqaan A. Degtyarov, on aviakonstruirovaniyu - SA Lavochkin, waayo, rinjiyeynta - AM Gerasimov, farshaxan - V. I. Muhina.

naqshadeeye ee saldhigga metro "Kiev" iyo "Komsomolskaya" dhise D. Chechulin ayaa sidoo kale abaal Prize Stalin ee. Tolstoy AN u helay for buugga "Peter Weyn", M. A. Sholohov - waayo novel ah "Oo Deggan qulqulka Don ah", sida riwaayadaha ah NF Pogodin ayaa lagu arkay ka dib markii wax soo saarka ee cayaarta "Ninka la qoriga."

Sida shuqullo kala hadlay

bakhaar shaqada Sayniska hore ka wada hadleen la lug ah aqoonyahaniinta qaaska ah ee khuseeya, khabiir guddiyada practitioners iyo machadyada cilmi ah cilmi baaris xitaa dhan. Markaas qiyaasta, a dheeraad ah oo buuxda oo dhamaystiran oo ay u rogida ee xukunka u gaar ah Dadka Commissars ee USSR.

Haddii loo baahdo, wakiillo ka machadyada cilmi-baarista iyo ururada saynisyahano ka qeyb galay shirarkii Guddiga. Go'aanka ayaa la sameeyey by codbixinta doorashada si qarsoodi ah.

calaamad of Honor

horumoodka kasta ka dib la helo abaalmarintan ku darajo wayn ku haboon iyo calaamad sharaf Stalin Prize, taas oo ay noqotay in la xirto dhinaca midig xiga in Amarka. Waxaa la sameeyey oo lacag ah oo ah qaab gadood ah convex la dhaldhalaalka cad iyo xuduud Laurel hoose oo dahab ah. Dhaldhalaalka muujinayaa qorrax - rays oo dahab ah, kuwaasoo hogaanka u dhalaalayo star of dhaldhalaalka guduudan qar ah oo dahab ah. Looxii warqadihii dahab lagu yiri: "guusha Stalin Prize".

sare ee gadood suubbiyey ka xirmado jiingado ee dhaldhalaalka buluug ah oo leh gilt geesaha, on taas oo loo qoray oo ahaa "USSR". Silver iyo saxan dahab qufilan, kaas oo ka duso ee giraanta oo ku biiray calaamada sharaf, ayaa sidoo kale Isasaaray on waxaa la qoondeeyey by tiro Carabi Year Award. Publication in saxaafada oo ku saabsan kooxda ku guuleysatay ee sannadkan, had iyo jeer u muuqday on December 21 - guurada of I. V. Stalina.

dagaal

In ka sano cabsida badan oo dagaal, this abaalmarinta sare sidoo kale waa in ay naftooda kala duwanaayeen sida waxgaradka shaqeeya sida marna ka hor - in dilaaca awood of initiative waddani iyo raagaya. saynisyahano Soviet, hal, alifay ogayn in ay hadda tahay shaqada ay dalka u baahan yahay in ka badan inta lagu guda jiro nabadda. Xataa 1941 waxay soo geliyeen guulaha waaweyn ee intelligentsia ee dhowaad dhammaan meelaha nolosha.

Warshadaha ayaa waxaa dib ood dagaal, si loo ballaariyo ilaha wax cayriin, awoodda wax soo saarka kor u kacay. Stalin Prize oo ahaa darajadii ugu horeysay waxaa la guddoonsiiyey kooxda ee tacliinta hogaaminayo Madaxweynaha L. USSR V. ku Komarova, kaasoo cilmibaadhis iyo in la horumariyo jidka horumarka warshadaha ee Urals ah - metallurgy madow, tamarta, qalabka dhismaha iyo wax walba oo kale. Natiijada ayaa ballaarinta weyn ee wax soo saarka ee dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee warshadaha.

Qaar badan oo ka dhigay soo taago Zelinsky for chemistry daafaca. Waxa uu sidoo kale waxaa lagu sharfay abaalmarintan. Professor MV Keldysh iyo Musharaxa of Sciences Technical E. Grossman shaqeeyay design diyaaradaha Soviet: horumariyo aragtida ah ee vibrations laastikada oo lala iman lahaa hab ka mid ah xisaabaha flutter diyaaradaha, taas oo ay abaal Stalin Prize ee heerka 2aad.

Dmitri Shostakovich

Heer on xoogga hal abuur leh ee laxamiistaha ugu hor qaxidda qoray uu caan "Toddobaad Symphony" in Leningrad ee hareereeyey. Shaqadan waxaa isla markiiba noqday khasnadda a of music dunida. Guulaysanaya humanism, diyaarinta si ay ula dagaalamaan in ay dhimashada la ciidamada madow, runta unshakable, dhawaaqaysa in note kasta, helay aqoonsi caalamka oo dhan hal mar oo dhan. In 1942, shuqulkan laga calaamadeeyay Stalin Prize ee heerka ugu horreeya.

Dmitri Shostakovich - xataa saddex jeer ku guuleystay ee Prize Stalin ee intaa dheer in marka hore, waayo, Trio weyn 1946 - Prize oo ahaa darajadii ugu horeysay, ka dibna - horyaalka ee Artist Dadka ee RSFSR ah, in 1950, ayaa lagu abaalmariyey Stalin Prize oo ahaa darajadii labaad ee uu oratorio "Song of Kaymaha ah" on aayaadka Dolmatovski iyo music for filimka "Fall ee Berlin". In 1952 wuxuu helay Stalin Prize kale oo ahaa darajadii labaad, waayo, Suite ee heesta.

Faina Ranevskaya

Sanado badan ka shaqeeyey ugu cadcad ee dadweynaha, mana uusan ciyaarin in filim ama door bilowday. Tani waa actarad aad u tayo badan. Stalin Prize ayay qaadan saddex jeer kasta, laba jeer darajadii labaad oo isku mar - kii saddexaad.

In 1949 - waayo doorka xaaskiisa Losev in "Act of Honor" Stein (Moscow Drama Tiyaatarka), ee 1951 - waayo doorka Agrippina ee 'Breaking Dawn badan Moscow "Suvorov (masraxa isku), ee isla sanadkaas - waayo doorka Frau Wurst "waxay leeyihiin hooyo a" ee filimka. In mabda'a, kaalin kasta oo ay fuliyeen Faina, abaalmarinta sharaf tan iyo Classics of shineemo Soviet qaybta ugu abuuray oo atariishada this, guusha ee Prize Stalin ee. In ay waqtiga ayaa weyn, oo haatan u badan tahay ma mid aan wax garan magaceeda.