Battle of Ice on Lake Peipus iyo xigmadda amiirka Alexander

Sergey Eyzenshteyn, dabcan, waxay ahayd agaasimaha weyn, laakiin inaad wax ka barato taariikhda shuqulladiisa cinematographic noqon lahaa dheeldheel xoogaa dheel. In farshaxankiisa si cad u muujinaya iiriyo ee Palace Winter ah (taas oo aan ahaa), iyo toogashada ee muwaadiniinta nabad of Odessa on sallaan Rafaa (taas oo xitaa ma noqon karaan).

In filimka cajiib ah "Alexander Nevsky" artist weyn taswiiran ee Battle of Ice ah on Lake Peipus, kaas oo ka dhacay, laakiin guga, ee April. Haddii aad aaminsan tahay Chronicle Livonian rhymed, dhibbanaha dagaalka this, laayay cadowga Bulatov, waxay ku dhacday cawska, oo maamula si ay u koraan, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in uu ka dhacay gobolka waqooyi.

In si ay u qiimeyso sida ay ujeeddo leedahay sida xirfadaha suurto gal ah iyo diblomaasiyadeed sida taliyaha ah gargaaraha dalka Ruush, St. Aleksandra Nevskogo, buunbuunin farshaxanka looma baahna. Haddii aan buunbuunin wax u sheegaan in our geesi qaranka inay dalkiisa ka fageen badbaadiyo. Prince uma baahna farjiyadooda, oo uu door, uu shaqo adag oo si guul leh loo fuliyey.

Iyada oo itimaalka ugu weyn ee plausibility si ay u fahmaan siday noqotay Ice on Lake Peipus, waxaa suurtagal ah imtixaantid dhammaan ilaha laga heli karo, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa ku tilmaamay dagaalka this Livonians. Waa baad ah si chroniclers Yurub, farjiyadooda gaar ah umana ay oggolaan, garashada in Xeelad way garaaceen Prince of Novgorod.

In waxa ay ahayd Battle of a Ice ah, kaas oo sannadkii ay dhacday iyo cidda ku lug waxa ku jira labada dhinac, kala duwan gaarka ah ee taariikhyahanadu opinion ku dhowaad aan jirin. Run, waxay u yeedhay Livonians haddii kale, Battle of Lake Peipus (iyo Istooniyaan maanta wakiil on maps Peipus). Wax macno ah ma.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah dhibcood ee u baahan in fiiro gaar ah, gaar ahaan, aragtida ah taariikhyahan Heidenstein, kuwaas oo ku noolaa in qeybtii labaad ee XVI - hore qarniyo XVII. Waxa uu sheegay in dagaalka ku soo qaaday ah ciidamada qayb Tatar firfircoon ee Batu Khan. Dhinaca si dabiici ah rusichej. Tani Wuxu -Arday, u suurtagashay in ay gaaraan guul ciidan.

Waxaad kartaa, dabcan, ma aaminsan tahay in ururiyaha Yurub ee sheekooyinka, waxaa suurto gal ah, in uu doonayo in uu la kulmo dad ku dhow isaga in ruuxa Knights Teutonic in la yaraysto xulka Ruush awoodiisa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah iswaafaqla'aan ee sheekada, chroniclers our qoyska.

Sidaas daraaddeed, "Samovydets", ie ka qaybgalayaasha si toos ah in dhacdooyinka yeeri caawimo iyaga lagu soo dhiibay by qaar ka mid ah "guutada Ilaah," muuqataa "hawada" (sida baraf cad oo ku saabsan madaxa cadowga). Waxaa laga yaabaa in macnaheedu ma ay joogin ciidammadu Malaa'igta, iyo ciidanka qaar ka mid ah, kaliya in waqti ay dagaalka ku biiro. Natiijada waxa ay aheyd ee Battle of Ice on Lake Peipus, hoos ugu tegey, taariikhda sida guul istiraatiijiga ah ee hubka Ruush, iyo sidoo kale isbedelka, luqad casri ah, xaaladda geopolitical. Levonsky Order tageen isku day in lagu soo qabto meelaha our waqooyiga, ka tagay Pskov. Oo waxaa jiray is waydaarsiga in maxaabiista.

Dadka ka soo horjeeda diidid in version this. Iyagu ma ay arki habboon in gargaar military ka Khan Ruush amiirka. Dareen falkan ahaa. Sannad ka hor dhacdooyinkan waxaa jiray kulanka u dhexeeya Saliibiyiintu iyo "wiilashii Genghis Khan", taas oo ku guuleystay ciidamada Batu evrohristianskoe ciidankii. Inkastoo guusha, Khan ma aysan ka fiirsan in si buuxda raacay hawlaha military waa in la xoojiyo guulaha.

Sida laga soo xigtay taariikhyahan Ruush Soloviev, bilaabay wadahadalo on isbahaysi military ku meel gaar ahayd oo kaliya Batu, Alexander warqaddii of content ee khuseeya soo diray. amiirka Ruush si guul ah lagu qabtay a "shirwaynaha" iyo xitaa waqti in fraternize la Genghisides, ina Khan. Waa maxay sababta aan samayn, waayo, dalka Ruushka!

Intaa waxaa dheer in ay xaqiijisato a xoojiyo weyn danbe lagu kalsoonaan karo, Alexander xaliyay qabtay Ice on Lake Peipus, oo muujinaysa, oo ay weheliso tayo diblomaasiyadeed iyo generalship. Waxa uu si farsamo loo isticmaalo sifooyinka of dhul, jeestay Knights hub culus factor burbur iyaga u, si guul ah ay ku soo rogeen maneuverable dagaalka qof cadowga, ee gaaban, wax kasta in ay ku guuleysato iyo waxay gaari.

Battle of Ice ee 1242 ayaa muujisay xigmadda Ruush amiirka, muujiyey in arrimaha xeelad iyo istiraatiiji ah. Gartay, iyo caawimada ah ee Ilaah, laakiin waa istaahilaa kaliya kuwa kuwa ay isu caawiyaan.

Jirin markaas barafka on Lake Peipsi? Waxaa suurto gal ah in qaybo ka mid ah kuwa waa qabow ee April.