Sergey Eyzenshteyn: Autobiography, nolosha shakhsiga ah, filmography. Photo Eyzenshteyna Sergeya Mihaylovicha

Magaca Sergeya Eyzenshteyna loo yaqaan dunida oo dhan sida magaca mid ka mid ah aasaasayaasha farshaxanka filimada, iyo sidoo kale sayidkiisa weyn ee Ruush-uqabso. Uu masterpieces dhiman ayaa weli loo isticmaalo Machadka Filimada sida ay buugagan ee rakibaadda iyo maamulkaa.

agaasimaha Legacy

In 2025, waxaa calaamadee doonaa sanad guuradii 100aad ee ku masterpieces of shineemo dunida, filimka "markab dagaal" Potemkin "." Sergei Mikhailovich ahaa sano oo kaliya 27 jir markii uu ka qaaday cajalad. Dhowr ogaado waxa uu ku dhashay sanadkii Sergey Eyzenshteyn, oo uu ku noolaa sano oo kaliya konton (ka 1898 si ay u 1948.). Waa in la ogaadaa in inkastoo waxay lahayd xilliyada ugu adag iyo naxdin leh ee taariikhda dalkeena ee.

Sergey Eyzenshteyn, kuwaas oo ka mid ah filmography qiyaas shan iyo labaatan filimada, iyadoo qeybtii wanaagsan oo iyaga ka mid ah oo ku saabsan Mexico yihiin, ka tagay dhaxal u gaar ah, ma aha oo kaliya ee foomka of filimada. Waxa kale oo laga barto iyo buugaga ardayda shineemada. ururinta A buuxda oo shuqullada agaasimaha ka kooban yahay kow iyo toban Muga. wax ka baran kartaa macluumaad xiiso leh oo ku saabsan sida waxaa jiray waqti taas oo uu ku noolaa iyo shaqeeyay Sergey Eyzenshteyn. Buugiisa kaabaya warqadaha, qoraalada shaqada, curisyada iyo articles.

World of agaasimayaasha Eisenstein

agaasimaha film caan Mikhail Romm qoray qorkiisa in uu xirfad uu bartay filimka Eisenstein ee "markab dagaal" Potemkin "." Wuxuu ahaa dabcan agaasimaha ardayga ah iyo fursad u helay inay ka shaqeeyaan studio tafatir ah "Mosfilm". Michael I. afartan jeer dib loo eegay caanka ah "markab dagaal" Potemkin "," si fiican falanqeeyay iyo bartay dhaqangalka, dhawaaqa, characters, wada hadal iyo jir disassembled nidaamka sii kordhaya.

Alfred Hitchcock qudhiisu nin xer ah oo xerta ka mid ah loo arko oo ah agaasimaha weyn. Ma uusan qarin xaqiiqada ah in farsamooyinka uu shaqada loo isticmaalo soo hindiseen Sergei Mikhailovich. Uu "saspiens" caan ah, in uu yahay hakinta weyn, xiisad gareeyeen, la abuuro jawi walwalka - iyadoo la adeegsanayo farsamooyinka of Eisenstein, sida: faahfaahinta naturalistic iyo dareenka qaybaha shaqsi, aragtiyood oo kala duwan, si lama filaan ah ay yaraaneyso iyo kordhinta shayga hoos iyo sare u mar iyada oo looxyada kordhaya jiibta, saamaynta dhawaaqa, ka fujiyaan, iyo wixii la mid ah ..

Qoyska & Waalidka

Sergey Eyzenshteyn, kuwaas oo shaqsi ah nolosha waa in qaangaarnimada - waa sirta ka dambaysa toddoba shaabadood, iyo sidoo kale wax badan oo asxaabteena caanka ah, iyo macalimiinta uma abuurin qoyska u gaar ah. Ama uusan naag toona carruurta aan obzavolsya. wuxuu ku eedeeyay waalidiinta, taas oo aan isaga siin waxbarasho habboon in arrinta. Sergey Eyzenshteyn, kuwaas oo sawir hoos ayaa lagu muujiyey, waxaa lagu qabtay ee soo socda si uu aabbihiis iyo hooyadiis in laba ama saddex sano ka yar.

Ka dib fadeexadii halis ah oo ka dhacay 1909, nolosha qoyska ee waalidku waxa uu noqday taxane ah oo joogta ah fadeexado iyo kulanka dulmiga badan. Little Serge ayaa lagu qasbay in ay dhegeystaan mama iyo baabba, si joogto ah u furmay indhaha uu midba midka kale. Mama sheegay in Sergei, aabbihiis - tuug iyo xoolocirdoonka ah, oo aabbihiis, markeeda, ayaa sheegay in hooyadiis - naag iibinta a. Ugu dambayntii, sanadkii 1912, markii Sergei ahayd 11 sano jir, waalidkeed furay kala firdhiyey. By go'aan ee Synod Quduuska ah wiilka la aabbihiis joogay.

Guurka waalidka la oran karo waa qummanaynu. Hooyo, Julia Ivanovna Konetskaya, qoys hodan ah u yimid. Aabaheed, wakiil saboolka ah ee fasalka magaalooyinka, u yimid inuu St. Petersburg ka Tikhvin. Waxaa ku hawlan shaqada xayee-, uruuriyeen magaalada yar oo wuxuu guursaday gabadhii ee baayacmushtariga barwaaqo ah. Sida ugu dhakhsaha badan uu u furay ganacsiga gaarka ah - "Neva barzhnoe Company".

Aabbaha agaasimaha mustaqbalka, Mihail Osipovich Eyzenshteyn, lahaa a xididdada Swedish-Yuhuudda. Noqoshada ninka Yulii Ivanovny Konetskoy wuxuu ku perevoz ee Riga, halkaas oo uu ku dhashay, oo wiil kaliya, Sergei.

muuqaalka kore ee qaybta bartamaha ee Riga waa inta badan ay sabab u tahay hawlaha Mihaila Eyzenshteyna. In uu door dhise madaxda magaalada ahaa, wuxuu ka dhisay in ka badan konton dhismayaasha Art lacagta badan qurux badan. Waxay weli soo jiidaan caasimadda ah ee Latvia. Mikhail Osipovich kala duwanaayeen dadaala weyn iyo tayada ganacsi wanaagsan. Oo isna wuxuu lahaa mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed guul, ilaa darajo of State Degaanka. Oo carruurtiisuna waxay siiyey amar ay ku abtirsan dhaxlo.

Sergei Mikhailovich talanti

Laga soo bilaabo carruurnimada hore, aabbihiis, Mihail Osipovich Eyzenshteyn, baray wiilkiisa inuu wax akhriyo. Oo wuxuu isaga siiyey waxbarasho heer sare ah. Ingiriisi, Jarmal iyo Faransiis Sergey Eyzenshteyn ku dhowaad si fiican u leedahay. Wiil The ugu dhaqsaha badan ka bartay in la raaco, inuu u ciyaaro music on biyaano ah, qaadashada sawirada. Sida fashion ah ilmaha caaqil, umana uu tudhin leh dan weyn fahmidda sayniska kala duwan oo lagu gaarey for ikhtiraac cusub. Intaa waxaa dheer, iyo sidoo rinji.

qoslo fara badan iyo sawir gacmeedyada, content mararka qaarkood aad u dheel, iyagii ka dhigay illaa qaangaarnimada, siiyey kor u qaada ururka waa bandhigyo aad u xiiso badan. Midkii kowaad wuxuu ka dhacay 1957 ee Moscow. In mustaqbalka, Dakatu kaftan ah, kartoonada, Dakatu ee dharka iyo muuqaal ciyaarta ka, ku kallifto in filimada, images of maadooyinka kitaabiga ah iyo suugaanta, iyo sidoo kale farshaxanka ka dhigay inta lagu guda jiro safaradiisa ee Europe iyo America, kormeeray qaaradda oo dhan of Europe iyo Ameerika. Ka dib oo dhan, kaliya labo filim - "Alexander Nevsky" iyo "Ivan Grozny" - Sergey Eyzenshteyn ka dhigay in ka badan 600 sawiro.

Aabbaha Sergeya Eyzenshteyna doonayay inuu arko wiilkiisa dhise. Sababtan awgeed, 1915 Sergey galay Institute Petrograd ee Injineerro Civil. Waqtigaa waalidka uu kala soocay, oo aabbihiis ku noolaa Berlin xaaskiisa cusub la.

macalimiinta

Aabbihiis ruuxi Eyzenshteyn Sergey Mihaylovich dareemay agaasimaha weyn tiyaatarka Vsevoloda Emilevicha Meyerholda. Oo wuxuu isaga u jeclaa oo la Wadaajinaysaan. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in hanad iyo shar hal qof uusan helin weheliyaan, laakiin Meyerhold naftiisa beeniyay labo geesood ah marar badan. Sergey Mihaylovich Eyzenshteyn, Biography - mawduuc of our dib u eegis, ayuu qoray wargayska ku saabsan macalimiinta uu maamulkaa masrixiyada this: Meyerhold awood u gaar ah si ay u bartaan, ma ardayda la siiyo aqoon wax kasta oo waxtar leh. Eisenstein ayaa sheegay in agaasimaha ayaa waxyaalaha qarsoon oo dhan Meyerhold, wuuna arkay oo qasday sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ay u yimaadeen inay u tababarasho ah oo cayaarta.

Oo kali ah ogaanaya Aayaadka talantigaagii kasta oo xertii ahaa, Meyerhold midkood hoostiisa ku andacoonaya ama mid kale isla markiiba helay takhaluso horjeeda a iman kara. Waxa uu u dhaqmeen Meyerhold sida caadiga ah iyada oo haweenka. Sidaas daraaddeed wuu tegey oo Eisenstein.

Haddii Meyerhold ma doonayaan in ay nala wadaagaan cilmigooda leh ardayda, agaasimaha Sergey Eyzenshteyn, on lid ku ah, inuu nolosha oo dhan ah iyo talanti saaray abuurista sharciyada caalamiga ah ee filimada, oo uu daacad ah ku tilmaamay in qoray on farshaxanka shineemada. Handbook of filim oo dunida ku noqday uu "Art of mise en goobta", "Mizankadr", "Rakibaadda", "hab" iyo "ma dabeecadda la taag daran."

Dhismaha aragti film

Haddii aan noqdo muhandas, sida oo kale aabbihiis, Eyzenshteyn Sergey Mihaylovich, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu ka dambeeya sawir xiiso schematic guriga ah, taas oo ah waxa lagu qeexaa ka tagay "in la dhiso aragtida ah ee shineemada." Qorshahan waxaa la oran karo waa universal. On waa ma aha oo kaliya ay fududahay in movies ugu ganaan, sidoo kale waa fiican ee horumarinta qorshayaasha horumarinta ee shineemo guud ahaan.

Aasaaskii on dhisme oo dhan - habka of dialectics, in uu yahay, wada hadal, iskaashi, isku dhaca iyo isku duba iskaashiga. On habka wax tara oo saxan ee soo socota - nin dhegeysiga. Under qeexitaankan, waxaa loola jeedaa in siyaabaha ay dadka ku muujiyaan dareenkooda bulshada.

Kor, on saxan ee "qowlka aadanaha", waa afar qaybood - mizankadr pathos ah, mise en goobta iyo maadda ah. columns Kuwanu, more hufan, arrimaha si wadajir ah, iyada oo loo xirxiro, loo abuuro image la doonayo in saameyaan dareenka fikirka aadanaha. Waxaas oo dhan wada yahay falsafadda ah tahay, haddii ay taasi ku, filimka. shaqada dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan filimka ku lug leedahay in si qoto dheer daraasadda ee cilmiga iyo farsamada. Tani waa lagama maarmaan, sidii caqabadaha haysta filimka, waxaa si joogto ah la ballaariyo, horumarinta technology, sii kordhaya caymiska dhagaystayaasha, heerarka tayada ay kor u kacayso. Caleemo saaray calanka design Erayga "Habka film".

Isku dhacu waa ciidanka wadista of farshaxanka

Erayga "khilaafka" - sida ay salka on taas oo ku dul tahay - in qorshaha dhisidda aragti filimka maqan yahay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Sergey Eyzenshteyn dhaadhiciyay in colaadda waa xoog la wadidda dhammaan hababka in ay yihiin hanuuninta hal abuur iyo burbur labadaba. Uu aaminsan yahay ku salaysan yahay waayo aragnimada carruurnimada isaga u gaar ah, marka uu kid nesmyshlony soo baxday in xisbiga u Muuqaallo grand iyo fadeexado ka dhacay inta u dhaxaysa waalidiinta. Iyada oo ku xidhan soo shaacbaxaysa waxaa ku kallifto, ay ka maqan yihiin jilayaal kale, waxaa mama baabba lug sida markhaati kharribaadda ah ee kale ee, sida garqaade ah in ay kala saaraan kuwa waa xaq oo waa daalimiinta, sida mujrim ah ee ay nolosha ugu gataan, iyo xataa sida a ayeey jilaa waqtiyada aamusnaan xumaadeen xaaskaaga. Waxa ay ahayd kubad, duulaya ka mid ka mid ah in kale. nolosha noocan oo kale ah waa in isku dhac joogto ah oo aan la shubo karo aragti Sergei Mikhailovich. Colaadda ayaa noqday dabiiciga ah, laga yaabaa inaad tiraahdo, dhulka taranta isaga for a.

Falanqaynta aad ee la soo dhaafay, Sergey Eyzenshteyn qoray in niyada uu carruurta aan ahaa fal hal burbur caruurta caadiga ah soo jireenka ah. Wuxuu kama ay jebin alaabta lagu ciyaaro, ma laga yaabaa baxay saacad si ay u arkaan waxa iyaga gudaha, waxba kuma yeeli ah bisadaha iyo eyda aan la jiifa oo aan cadho. Marka la soo koobo, waxay ahayd ilmaha kaamil ah. Sergey Eyzenshteyn, xusuusqorkii agaasimaha in shahaado ayaa soo bixitaankii dhan dheel dheel ah carruurnimada xaqiiqsan in filimada uu. la'aan in fursad in ay si dabiici ah loo horumariyo nolosha iyo sahamiyo sida ay dhacdo oo dhan caruurta caadiga ah, isaga muujiyey in in sano ka dib. Sidaa awgeed ay goobaha lagu hoobtay ee dil, dil, iwm, iwm .. intaas oo dhammu waxay hababka dagaal saamayn ku maqlayo, oo ay soo gunaanadeen, Eisenstein yeedhay jiidashada.

beegay asalka ah ama go'aan dilaa ah?

Sergey Eyzenshteyn, kuwaas oo Biography muujinaysaa in uu si buuxda u ahayd qof buuxa, waxaa ku jira dhacdooyin asalka ah xaqiiqooyinka, oo uu ku lifaaqan tahay muhiimadda ugu weyn.

Iyadoo waxbarasho ee sannaddii labaad oo ka mid ah Institute of Injineerro Civil, uu barbaro galay Uubo ee dhaqdhaqaaqa kacaan. Bishii Febraayo 1918, Eisenstein diiwaan geliyaa ciidamada Cas, oo wuxuu tegey xagga hore. Muddo laba sanno ah uu ku hawlanaa dhismaha ciidamada, wuxuu ka qaybgalay hindisaha jilaa iyo agaasimaha iyo dhigyo dacaayad rinji tababar baabuurta.

In 1920 wuxuu sii daayay amar dowladda jidaynayey ardayda in ay ku noqdaan kulliyadaha iyo si aad u cusboonaysiiso nidaamka waxbarasho. Sergey waqtigan dhadhan nolosha masrixiyada, oo aan ahaa u xiiseynayey in ay mar kale in ay sameeyaan dhismaha iyo naqshadaha, sida dalbaday waalidka. Waxa uu balan qaaday inay sii wadato uu ugu Academy of Staff Guud, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in mustaqbalka si ay u noqdaan turjumaan of Japan. dalab waxa uu ahaa sidaas duufsan in Eisenstein u maleeyay. Waqtigaa magaalada kacsanayd ka Petrograd in Moscow, halkaas oo si degdeg ah horumarinta nolosha - iyo masraxa si gaar ah. In habeenkii khaas ah marka uu ugu danbeyn go'aansaday inuu ku jejebin Architecture, isku mar la bilowgii uu nolol cusub weerar lama filaan ah wadnaha hakiyey nolosha aabbihiis - Mihaila Osipovicha Eyzenshteyna.

Laga soo bilaabo in uu xirfadiisa guul iyo si degdeg ah agaasimaha film caansan dunida ee Sergeya Eyzenshteyna bilaabay.

Waad ku mahadsan tahay Peter Greenaway

In 2015, screens la sii daayay filimka by Peter Greenaway "Eisenstein in Guanajuato". Sawirkan waxa uu keenay jilcinayaa distributors Ruush, si kastaba ha ahaatee dalalka Greenaway in weli aan laga saaray hal film ku saabsan agaasimaha cajiib ah - l'a weyn. Dadka u baahan in la ogaado waxa nin caynkee ah wuxuu ku weynaa Sergey Eyzenshteyn. Biography, nolosha shakhsiga ah agaasimaha iyo shuqulkiisa in filimka u baahan daraasad iyo cilmi-baarista. Wuxuu ma aha inuu dilayo hanad ah. On lid ku ah, inuu doonayo inuu ku tuso sida dunida ay isbedeshay qof tayo leh ka dib markii ay u safraan dalka ku baahsan, aan ka cidhiidhyami taliskii keligii. Ka dib oo dhan, waayo, qof sir ah ma in saddex sano oo waxbarasho ah nolosha iyo caadooyinkii dadka ku nool Yurub ka dib, USA iyo Latin America Sergey qoto dheer bedelay view of ujeedooyinka iyo hawlaha shineemada Soviet. Qorshaha Greenaway - filimka labaad ku saabsan isku wadanka yihiin fiican, "isgacan Eisenstein." Wakhtigan, Greenway doonayo si ay u muujiyaan nolosha agaasimaha weyn in ay u safraan meel ka baxsan Midowga Soofiyeeti.

Manhajkooda Odoroska

Eisenstein ee bilowga ugu horreeya ee uu safar weyn meel in Europe iibsaday desyatitomnik Frazer "Bough Golden The". Waa sababta oo kitaabkan lagu qoray, waxa uu soo ururiyey macluumaad ku saabsan diimaha dunida ee tan iyo wakhtiyadii hore si ay u soo gudbinaynaa. Fikradda ah ilaahnimada sida badarka, dhimanaya iyo sara kiciyey, isaga ku fikirka ah ee baaskiillada oo dhan dunida wax.

Toban cisho ee Mexico ayaa isaga furay aragti cusub oo ku saabsan xiriirka bulshada guud ahaan iyo gaar ahaan shineemada. Waxa uu arkay in aag yar si nabad ah la saanqaadi kara dhammaan amarada bulshada taariikhiga ah - ee heer hoose ah, dhulgoosadka, raasammaaliyade iyo xataa hantiwadaagga.

Waxaan jeclaan lahaa in la ogaado in ee Mexico ilaa hadda, in ka badan 70 sano, waxaa loo arkaa Eisenstein agaasimaha tiro ka mid ah. Tani ma aha la yaab leh, sababtoo ah waa waxaa la suulaan nasnimal 80 000 mitir oo ah film. Waa caan ah oo leh dadka deegaanka oo ay maraan jidkii nolosha, dhaqanka qaranka, quruxda dhulka, masiibooyinka dabiiciga ah iyo wax badan oo ka mid ah faahfaahinta xiiso leh iyo faahfaahinta nolosha Latinos.

Maaddaama ay adag of copyright aynaan haysan fursad ay ku arkaan alaabtayda oo dhan, taas oo ah nixi ah. In the US, ku salaysan shirkadda Eisenstein "muhiim" rakibay ah filimada yar in ay heleen guul weyn. Faahfaahinta ku saabsan sheekada taxanaha ah ee murugo leh filimada la akhrisan kartaa in magazine "Screen Soviet" ee 1974, qoraaga - R. Yurenev.

Back guriga, Sergei Mikhailovich, wada jir ah ula qoraaga (sida in dhawaan la soo dhaafay Chekist) Aleksandrom Rzheshevskim set in ay ka shaqeeyaan film kale. Wakhtigan ee collectivization - ". Seere Bezhin" Qaaday saldhig sheekada Pavlik Morozov, kuwaas oo, sida ay soo hindiseen Eisenstein, dishay gacan ka aabbihiis u gaar ah ee. In beeralayda kala duwanaansho horeysay daayo kiniisadda si aad u sameysato iyada oo kooxda. In labaad - qastaan ayaa isku dayaya inuu badbaadiyo kiniisadda dabka. Filimka waxaa lagu ganaaxay sababo dhinaca fikirka, laakiin filimka waxaa iska dhaqday. Kaliya sawirrada yar footage ka filimka. Waxay saamayn xoogga saameynta nafsiga ah ee daawadayaasha.

Masiirka ah agaasimaha ayaa aad u dhegaysanayay ku miisaamaa. Waxa uu dirqi kaga baxsaday inuu xiro, la joojiyay ka barayay at VGIK, laakiin bartey xaq iyo fursad u helay in ay ka shaqeeyaan, hadda ka badan filim waddani "Alexander Nevsky".

"Waxa uu ku noolaa, ku fikiray, oo uu xiiseynayo", - epitaph sida an jeclahay in aan arko dhallinyarada Sergei Mikhailovich uu Taalladaas.

Dhamaadka nolosha ka dib markii wadno xanuun, kaas oo ka dhacay 1946, Eisenstein, falanqeeyo aayahooda, qoraal ah, waxa ay u muuqataa, had iyo jeer waxaa lagu raadinayo wax ka mid ah oo keliya - si ay u midoobidda iyo dib u heshiisiinta oo ka mid ah dhinacyada is-haya. isku lidka ah kuwa la wado geedi socodka oo dhan ee dunida. Safarka A si Mexico isagii tusay in ururka suurtogal ma aha, si kastaba ha ahaatee, - Sergey si cad u arkay - waxay arrin dhab ah si loo baro noolaanshaha nabad yihiin.