Avignon Papacy. Bilowgii popes Avignon ka qabashada

Waa maxay Papacy Avignon ah? In muddo ah taariikhda dunida, dhacdooyinkan ka dhacay, taas oo sabab u ahayd iyaga ka mid ah oo ay tahay waxa hogaanka oo dhan? Waxaa u muuqan lahaa in wax walba waa cad yahay, laakiin waqti isku mid ah, sida uu yahay kiiska la dhacdo kale oo taariikhi ah kasta, ma jiro hal jawaab su'aalo badan, xeerarka no, ma Saarra. Laakiin wax ugu horeysay ugu horeysay.

Avignon Papacy. Sida ay kulligood waxay bilaabeen?

In qarniyadii dabayaaqadii Dhexe, ee 13-14 qarniyo, bilaabmaa dhexe ee dalalka Yurub. France halkaan joogay marka laga reebo ma jiro. Wakhtigan, dayidiisii oo dhan, xataa wadaadada boqorka addeecin.

Sidaa darteed, waxaan odhan karaa in ay qarniyo 13-14 th, xoogga kiniisadda bilaabay inuu daneyneysaa, sida ciqaab ah ayaa noqday ka saameyn badan in times of qaybsanaanta dhulgoosadka. Dabcan, duruufo sida, Korol Filipp IV leeyahay dagaalka on cadowga jir-jir ah - England. Laakiin dagaal weyn - kharashka weyn. Sidaa darteed, si ay u daboosho kharashka dayactirka shirkadda military, Philippe kiciyey canshuuraha iyo xataa wadaadada ku amray in ay qayb ka mid ah dakhliga si khasnadda ku siiyo. Laakiin sidaas maaha oo dhan. Philip sameeyay qalad weyn - ka heshiin waayeen arrintan la Pope ee. Iyada oo laga jawaabayo, Pope samatabbixiyey dhaleeceyn adag boqorka, oo ku hanjabay in uu excommunicate lahaa kuwa qasbi sheekh ah in ay bixiyaan canshuur. Markaasaa boqorkii wuxuu ku ma sii deyn iyo mamnuucidda dhoofinta dalka ee dahabka. Sidaas darteed, Vatican lumay lacag ka imaanaya France.

Beddelidda siyaasadda ee Pope sida isku day ah si ay u fududayso xiisad ee xiriirka la Boqortooyada

Dhamaadkii qarnigii 13aad, Pope Boniface VIII meel xoogaa is beddelay oo loo ogol yahay sheekh in ay si iskood ah ay bixiyaan canshuur sida waafaqsan amarkii dowladda. Laakiin sida ugu dhakhsaha badan Pope uu leeyahay ilaha cusub ee dakhliga, boqorkii ka soo cusboonaaday dhaleeceyn.

Bilowgii shirkadda for markii la afgembiyey ee Pope iyo natiijooyinka ay

Ma aha adag tahay in la qiyaasayaa in ugu dhaqsaha badan waxay bilaabeen olole ay ku afgembiyo ah Pope, kuwaas oo lagu garaacay iyada oo sababtu tahay oo wuxuu dhintay uu deganaansho. Pope Benedict XI, kuwaas oo kor u carshiga ka dib, waxaa la sumeeyay kaliya 8 bilood. Cardinals 11 bilood ka dib waxaa loo doortay Pope Bertrand de Got. Tan iyo waqti in, Avignon noqotay joogitaanka cusub le'daan. By soo beegay, si roon buu ula la siiyey by King. Ogow in waxa ugu horeeya ee ah in lagu sameeyo baadari cusub - France ku soo laabtay laabta kiniisadda.

Avignon Papacy - muddada u dhaxaysa 1309 si ay u 1377, marka joogitaanka kuma jirin Rome, laakiin France, in Avignon. Waxaa Pope dareemay badan xoogaa ka badan in Rome, halkaas oo kasta oo hadda ka dibna isku dhaceen si joogto ah dagaallamaya qoysaska laandheere ee Italy. Intaa waxaa dheer, Mareykanka le'daan waxay mar hore dhab bilaabay muuq beelayo.

Avignon Papacy. Taariikhda: 1309

Ma loo baahan yahay in la fahmo ereyga "xannibay" sidoo kale macno ahaan. Waxa ay ahayd, halkii, ma qabashada Avignon popes ee dareenka caadiga ah, laakiin isbeddel siyaasadda ee popes ee ay guushu ku France. In taageero of this waa xaqiiqda ah in dhammaan popes muddada ku jiray oo Faransiis ah, sida inta badan college ee cardinals, iyo in xaqiiqda ah College of Cardinals ayaa doortay popes. cardinals badan ayaa hore u adeegay in maxkamadda Faransiis. Waqtiga popes Avignon ka qabashada u dhaqmeen in danaha boqorka, iyo ergooyinka diblomaasiyadeed kala duwan ku qaadeen.

Dabcan, duruufo sida, saamaynta siyaasadeed ee popes waxay daaliyeen. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, gudaha kaniisadda helay ay awood run ahaantii qof monarchical. Haddii abbots hore iyo kiniisadda la doortay, hadda - waxaa loo doortay by baadari. Papacy, dhab ahaantii, gacanta ku hayso dhammaan dhinacyada nolosha.

Avignon maxaabiis ahaan - milicsiga ah arrimuhu guud ee daciifisa of Church ah

Xaaladda kor lagu sharaxay waxa uu noqday mid muujisa arrimood ee ugu muhiimsan in loo ogaado taariikhda qarniyadii dhexe - kuwaas oo, halganka oo ka mid ah popes iyo boqorada of Roman Empire Quduuska ah , waayo, sarraynta ee dunida Christian. iska hor imaad ayaa ka mid ah kaniisadda iyo aqoonyahanada cilmaani ah, iyadoo guul kala duwan socday dhowr qarniyo. Laakiin wax kasta oo isbedel wayn, markay tageen si ay carshiga Habsburgs ah. Waxay bedelay jihada iyo nooca siyaasadda Imperial, diiradda ma on qabsashadii of Italy, iyo xalka dhibaatooyinka degdegga ah ee arrinta oo ka mid ah dhulalka Jarmal.

Ugu jaleecada hore, popes hadda waa fursad wanaagsan oo si toos ah ula loo xoojin lahaa oo ka mid ah gobolka iyo masuuliyiinta ay qaban. Laakiin dhab ahaantii waxay u leexatay wax kasta waa ka duwan yahay. Ka dib markii hanjabaad Jarmal ayaa laga ciribtiray, Italy nuugo ee fowdada iyo qalalaasaha. Haddaba, aan waxba laga joojiyey iyo xaafadaha magaalada, taas oo hore u lahaa in la midoobeen in wajiga cadowga dibadda. Waxay isku diriray, iyo xataa magaalooyinka deriska la ah, in aan ku xuso beelaha si joogto ah dagaallamaya of aristocracy Talyaaniga. Ma aha adag tahay in la qiyaasayaa in Romans ee arrintan la xiriira wuxuu ahaa marka laga reebo ma jiro. Waxaa intaa dheer, dhowr Pope jeer xataa lahaa inay Rooma ka cararaan, ka cabsada muwaadiniinta caasi ah, deriska ciidamada gobolka, calooshood beelaha colaadeed.

City weligeed ah waxa uu ahaa halis ah oo kaliya nolosha madaxda sare ee kiniisadda kaatooligga. Sidaa darteed, dad badan oo ka mid ah Pope of Rome halkii samaynaya guryaha ay Naples, L'Aquila, Anan iyo magaalooyin kale, ka cabsada naftooda. Bilowgii popes Avignon ka qabashada kaliya ku xiran kala iibsiga ee joogitaan Avignon. Laakiin wax ugu horeysay ugu horeysay. In xaaladda noocan oo kale ah ma aha la yaab leh in xitaa ka mid ah cardinals halkaas joogay midnimada lahayn, iyo doorashada uu noqdo dagaal dhab ah dagaallamaya beelaha. Pope The cusub ee la doortay, dabcan, isku dayeen ayuu naftiisa u wareejin taageerayaasha - qaraabada iyo saaxiibada, si iyaga ka dhigan jago sare. beelaha khasaare lahaa jeer adag, sida baadari cusub ee la doortay doonayeen inay si deg deg ah cadaawayaashaada ula dhaqmi. In dhan of this, fowdo ah Aabaha sii waday in ay u dhaqmaan sida haddii uu weli yahay madaxa kiniisadda, taas oo u taagan kor ku xusan ciqaab iyo taliyayaal. Dabcan, siyaasadda noocaas ah kaliya waxay keeni kartaa in a sii xumaanaysa ee xiriirka la boqorka.

daciifisa ee awood le'daan

iska hor imaad ugu sarreysa, sida hore xusay, ayaa lagu arkay waqtiga boqortooyada Philip Fair ah, markii Pope Boniface VIII galay colaad furan boqorka. Macnaha ku jira amar wiiqay natiijada Pope ee dagaalka ka ahaa gunaanadkii foregone. Iyada oo laga jawaabayo khatar ku ah in la keeno inkaarnaado Pope King, wuxuu madaxtooyada le'daan Chancellor Guillaume Nogare diray. Waayo, laba maalmood ka hor inkaarnaado ee Chancellor la boqol Knights loola cararay hoyga ee Pope ka. Waxay jiideen odeyga carshiga, garaaceen iyo isaga oo xun. Ha heerka labaad sida, Boniface VIII dhintay, weliba habaarka iyo Guillaume Nogare, iyo Filibos. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, uu, Benedict IX sheegay in askari, kuwaas oo ku garaacday baadari jir ah, oo aan waxba galabsan. Waxa dhab ahaan dhacay ka hor, oo ay ahayd wax aan macquul aheyn ay ku uuraysato - Roman Pope la ma ahan oo keliya garaacay, laakiin garaacay on amarka of King Christian. Waxa ay muujisay in aan taageerada xoogga cilmaani ah ee Pope ma wax ku ool ah u oofin karin hawlaha madaxa Kaniisadda Catholic.

France sida xulafo la ah Papacy

Xaaladdan oo kale, Pope ka hadlay taliyaha ugu awooda badan ee wakhtigaas - boqorkii Faransiis. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jiray baahi loo qabo in doorato meel deggani cusub, halkaas oo Pope ka adkaysan kari waayay kiniisadda cabsi la'aan cadaawayaashooda dibadda iyo gudaha. Xaaladdan oo kale, waayo, kursiga ka weyn waa in lagu yaalla meel u dhow soohdinta Faransiis, laakiin ay dhacdo in kasta oo aan gayiga Faransiis.

Haddii aanay ahayn in France, halkaas oo in joogitaanka?

Fursada ugu fiican lahaa Avignon in Provence, sidaas waxa ka dhacaya oo helay ee taariikhda magaca "Avignon Papacy." Isla mar, Pope ka caawiyay Boqorka Naples in ay qaataan carshiga, sidaas farsamo kuma jirin territory ee gobolka colaadeed ee Italy, iyo in boqortooyada uu suzerain.

Avignon Papacy u ogolaaday inay si nabad ah u maareeyaan kiniisadda faa'iideystey ka amar iyo xoog ku ah popes iyo cardinals. Imaanshaha ee Avignon, Pope wuxuu ka dhigay this magaalada yar caasimadda ah ee dunida Catholic. Sayidka, bilowgii Papacy Avignon ee Rome ma ahayn sida ay dhacdo daran, sida ay u muuqato ee bilowgaba.