Xoraynta ee Kharkov ka duulay faashistihii

Battle of Kharkov aheyd natiijo macquul ah oo aad u muhiim ah oo ka mid ah falalka guul oo ka mid ah ciidamada Soviet at faa'iido Kursk ah. Last day counterattack Jarmal awood badan ayaa waxaa ay fashiliyeen, iyo hawsha Haddaba waxay ahayd in la sii daayo hore ee gobollada warshadaha ee Ukraine, waxay awoodaan in ay ka badan siin horteeda.

hawlaha hawlaha

Weerar ee Kharkov ahaa horteeda dhibaatooyin fara badan. Ugu muhiimsan ee la oran karo waa abuurista saldhig u ah xoraynta dheeraad ah oo bidix Bank Ukraine guud ahaan iyo gaar ahaan Donbass warshadaha (waxaa jiray fursad weerarka garabka ah). Sidoo kale, waa in qabta kaabayaasha gaadiidka ee magaalada ee (waxaa jira garoonka diyaaradaha warshad Airporka), iyo ugu dambeyntii in ay joojiyaan isku dayga dheeraad ah naasiga in ay counter-attack ay soo gaartay kooxda Kharkov ah (oo weyn ee size iyo xoog).

Maxaad Kharkov?

In xiriir this, magaalada waxaa la siiyey muhiimadda aad u badan? Jawaabta been in taariikhda Kharkov, oo tan iyo qarnigii XVIII ka ahayd xarun muhiim u ah dhaqaalaha iyo nolosha dhaqan ee Sloboda Ukraine. Horeba in bartamihii qarnigii XIX ee magaalada ahaa isgaarsiinta tareenka la Moscow ee. Waxaa halkan in 1805 uu ahaa furay ugu horeysay ee Ukraine, hadda University of jeer oo casri ah (Qarniyadii Academy iyo University of Lviv ee qorshaha ma tirin), ka dibna Institute Polytechnic ah.

In muddo ah pre-dagaal Kharkov ahaa xarun injineernimada waaweyn, wuxuu siiyey 40% wax soo saarka warshadaha ee Ukraine, iyo 5% - in dalka oo dhan. Iyadoo la raacayo, waxaa jiray iman kara a cilmiyeed iyo farsamo.

Waxaa jiray sababo dhinaca fikirka. Waxaa meesha ka qaaday in Kharkov Congress of Soofiyeedku, ayaa ku dhawaaqay in la aasaaso Soviet Jamhuuriyadda Yukreeniyaan ee December 1917. Ilaa 1934, magaaladuna waxay ahayd caasimada rasmiga ah ee sii buurayn ee Yukreeniyaan ah (waxay u taagan tahay "Yukreeniyaan Soviet Socialist Republic", ma aha sida tii bartayba xiiligaas ilmaha, waxaa jira farqi u soo gaabiyey ee luqadda Yukreeniyaan).

Background

Oo dhinac Jarmal iyo Soviet dhammaataan fahamsan yahay macnaha Kharkov. Sidaa darteed, qaddar ee magaalada intii lagu jiray dagaalka waxaa uu ahaa mid aad u adag. xoraynta ee Kharkov 1943 - waxaa hore u ahaa dagaalka ku afraad ee magaalada. Sidee wax walba oo dhacay? On this iyo in la sii hadli doonaa.

24-25 October 1941 shaqo naasiga ee Kharkov la sameeyey. Waxaa yara yar lacag - by cawaaqibka guuldaradii ugu dambeeyay ee deegaanka iyo meel u dhow Kiev iyo Uman kuleyliyaha, halkaas oo khasaare Soviet ayaa loo arkaa in ay boqolaal kun oo saameeyey. Waxa kaliya ee magaalada ku hadhay ahaayeen miino radio maamusho (qaar ka mid ah qaraxyo xiga cadeeyay inuu yahay mid aad loogu guulaystay), iyo qayb ka mid ah la taaban karo ee qalabka warshadaha u suurtagashay in ay soo saarto ama baabbi'in.

Laakiin guga goor dambe ee 1942, amarka Soviet dhigay isku day ay ku qabsadaan magaalada. Weerarka ayaa waxaa si xun u darbay (ay ka maqan yihiin kaydka dagaal-diyaar), iyo magaalada mar kale ay gacanta ugu jiraan ciidamada Cas dhowr maalmood yimid. Hawlgalka ayaa socday 12 ilaa 29 May oo ku dhamaaday koox weyn oo ku wareegsan Ciidamada Soviet iyo complete soo gaartay.

isku day saddexaad waxaa loo sameeyey xaalado wanaagsan oo dheeraad ah. Xitaa inta lagu guda jiro Battle of Stalingrad of Front Koonfur bilaabay hawlgallo weerar ee Donbass. Ka dib is dhiibin ee kooxaha Paulus on weerar ku dhaqaaqay Voronezh Front. Bishii Febraayo uu ka qeyb qaatay Kursk iyo Belgorod, oo 16-ka mid ah lagu qabtay Kharkov.

Iyada oo qorsheyneysa in ay fikradda ah hawlaha oo baaxad weyn oo ka hortag ( "khan", taas oo ah in la joojiyo at faa'iido Kursk ka yimid), dowladda Jarmalka ma aqbali doono khasaaraha ka mid ah xarun gaadiidka muhim ah, sida Kharkov. March 15, 1943 by laba kooxihii SS (oo aadan u malayn inay uun Yuhuudda ay awoodaan in ay toogtaan iyo gubi Katyn yihiin - SS waxay ahaayeen madaxda ciidanka Hitler), meel magaalada ahayd dib-u-qabsaday.

Haddii cadowga ma soo dhiibaan ...

Laakiin July, qorshaha counter-weerar Hitler ayaa ku fashilmay, Amarka Soviet ahaa dhiso guusha. Weerar ee Kharkov arkay sida ay muhiim u tahay mustaqbalka dhow ka hor la dhameeyo oo ka mid ah Battle of Kursk. Marka la qorshaynayo in la sii daayo socda ee Kharkov wada hadlay su'aasha ugu muhiimsan ee: haddii si ay u fuliyaan howlgal deegaanka ama burburinta cadowga?

Go'aansadeen in ay ku dhufan halligaaddiisa - deegaanka looga baahan yahay wakhti dheer qaata. Haa, waxaa xaliyay guulaysteen at Stalingrad, laakiin dheeraad ah ee koorsada of dagaalo weerar, Army Red mar kale maciinsadeen in ay kaliya ee hore 1944, inta lagu guda jiro Battle of the Pocket Korsun-Cherkassy. Isla mar ahaantaana, weerarka Kharkov, amarka Soviet xataa si ula kac ah ka tagay "waddada" baxdo ciidamada Nazi - si ay u dhammayn beerta buu ku jiray fudud.

Halkan maanta - berri tagtay

In xagaagii 1943 intii uu socday dagaal ee Kursk lagu gaadhay, iyo ballan kale istiraatiiji ah oo xiiso leh, kaas oo noqday nooc ka mid ah "chip" Ciidanka Cas. Waxay ka kooban tahay ee codsanaya a naxdin leh ku filan oo xoog leh meelo kala duwan halkii qaybta dheer hore. Sidaas darteed, cadowga ayaa lagu qasbay inuu Bluagrana tuur kaydka ay ka badan masaafo dheer. Laakiinse isagu ma uu haysan waqti loo sameeyo, sida weerarka uu ahaa meel oo kala duwan, oo dagaal qaatay on dabiiciga ah ee daba dheeraaday ee qaybta ugu horeysay.

Sidaas waxa uu ahaa in ay Battle of Kharkov. Activity oo ka mid ah ciidamada Soviet ee Donbas iyo cirifka waqooyi ee faa'iido Kursk ku qasbay naasiga in ay ciidamada ka Kharkov wareejiso. Waxaad u weeraraan ayaa laga yaabaa.

Ciidamada dhinac

Dhinaca Soviet ciidamada Jabhadda Voronezh Lugbuur (Taliyaha - - Army General Vatutin) iyo Steppe (Colonel-General Konev Taliyaha). amarka dhaqanka ee dib-u-jooge ka mid ah qeybo ka mid ah mid hore in kale si ay u isticmaalka more maangalka ah. Coordination at Kharkov, Donetsk iyo Orel jihada by Marshal Vasilevsky.

In ciidammadii reer jihooyin ah waxay lahayd 5 ciidammadiisa ilaalada (oo ay ku jiraan 2 taangiga) iyo Ciidamada Cirka ah. Tani waxay muujinaysaa muhiimadda ay ku lifaaqan hawlgalka. On qaybtii hore loogu talagalay xal abuuray fiirsashada unprecedentedly sare iyo technology madaafiic, kaas oo si deg deg ah ay helaan hub dheeraad ah, qoryaha is-baasuukayaal iyo haanta T-34 iyo RB-1. Waxaa sidoo kale lagu tuuraa meesha ay ilaalada madaafiic weerar of Front Bryansk ah. 2 Army lahaa in Tartannada reserve.

Laga soo bilaabo difaaca gacanta lagu lugta Jarmalka ciidanka iyo taangiga, iyo 14 lugta iyo 4 kooxihii taangiga. Later, kadib marka ay bilaabaan hawlaha, naasiga oo isla markiiba lagu wareejiyay meesha ay xoojin la Front Bryansk iyo Mius. Ka mid ah xoojiyo kuwanu waxay ahaayeen gogo 'si fiican u yaqaan sida "Totenkompf", "Viking", "Das Reich". From taliyayaal iyo dhacdooyinka ku saabsan dagaallada ku wareegsan Kharkov Hitler, wanaagsan ee loo yaqaan for Manstein.

Taliyaha ka soo dhaafay

Qaybta ugu weyn ee howlgalka Kharkov istiraatiiji ah - dhab ahaantii Belgorod-Kharkov hawlgal weerar - ayaa helay magaca code - ". Operation Rumyantsev" Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii Great Patriotic Midowga Soofiyeeti diiday in ay dhaqanka baahsan fogeynta hore dhameystiran ka la soo dhaafay "Imperial" ee dalka. Haddaba taariikhda Ruush in la raadiyo tusaalooyin in loo Waxyoodo ahayn kara dadka si ay ula dagaalamaan iyo ku guuleysto. Magaca hawlgalka inay xoreeyaan Kharkov - aagga this. Kiiska ma aha oo kaliya - socod on xoreynta Belarus waxaa loo yaqaan "Bagration", oo wax yar ka hor dhacdooyinkii Kharkov ee cirifka waqooyi ee ka Kursk faa'iido "Operation Kutuzov" waxaa fuliyey.

Gudbiyaan Kharkov!

Waxay arrintu u muuqataa wanaagsan, laakiin in la sameeyo oo keliya in ay ahayd wax aan macquul aheyn. Qorshuhu wuxuu ku baaqay in cover ugu horeysay magaalada unugyada horumarinta, ayaa laga yaabaa inay meelo badan oo koonfurta iyo waqooyiga ee Kharkov, ka dibna ay qabsadaan caasimadda hore ee Ukraine.

Magaca "Rumyantsev" waxaa laga codsadaa in ay ka qeyb ugu weyn ee howlgalka - saamaynta dhabta ah ee Kharkov. Belgorod-Kharkov bilaabay hawlgal August 3, 1943, oo horay isla maalinta 2 kooxihii panzer Hitler waxay ahaayeen in ku "dheri" hoos Tomarovka. 5 ka mid ah Steppe hore si ay ula dagaalamaan daro Belgorod. Maxaa yeelay, isla maalintaas ciidamada Front Bryansk ku mashquul ku ahaa Eagle, ayaa xusay this rashka guul double ee Moscow. Waxa ay ahayd salaan ugu horeysay ee guul intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic.

August 6 hawlgalka "Rumyantsev" waxay ahayd in kasii darto, taangiga Soviet halaagsameen baabi'inta cadowga ee kuleeliyaha Tomarovskaya iyo dhaqaaqay Zolochev. Magaaladu waxay iyana intay habeennimo yimaadeen, oo waxay u noqotay dagaal badhkiis. taangiyada way aamusnaayeen, oo leh laydh oo ku off. Marka aad gashid magaalada hurdo galay, waxay jeestay, oo wuxuu qallocan xawaaraha buuxa, weerar lama filaan ah ka go'an guul oo ka mid ah howlgalka Belgorod-Kharkov. caymis dheeraad ah oo Kharkiv sii si loo horumariyo on Bogoduhov iyo bilowgii dagaalka ee Akhtyrka.

At qayb ka mid ah waqtiga isku mid ah jabhada koonfurta iyo South-Western weerar ku Donbas ah, siqayaan Voronezh Front. Lama oggola in lagu wareejiyo hoos ku xoojiyo naasiga Kharkiv. August 10 la qaatay in ka badan by line a tareenka Kharkov - Poltava. Naasiga The isku dayeen in ay counterattack aagga Bogodukhov iyo Akhtyrka (qayb galay kariimka ah SS ah), laakiin natiijada ahaayeen xeeladaha counter-attack - si ay u joojiyaan hore Soviet, wayna kari waayeen.

mar cas

August 13 khadka difaaca Jarmal waxaa si toos ah burbureen Kharkov ah. Saddex maalmood ka dib dagaal ay horey u ahayd oo ku taal duleedka magaalada, laakiin ciidamada Soviet weeraryahanka dhaqaaqay aan sida ugu dhakhsaha badan waxaan jeclaan lahaa - difaaca Jarmal ahaayeen kuwo aad u xoog badan. Intaa waxaa dheer, weerar ee Front Voronezh ahaa waa raagay sababo la xiriira dhacdooyinka at Akhtyrka. Laakiin 21 ka mid ah hore u bilaabay weerar, adkaatay kooxda Akhtyrsky, iyo 22, Jarmalka bilaabay ka Kharkov baxayaan qaybaha ay.

maalinta rasmiga ah ee xoreynta Kharkov - August 23, markii ciidankii Soviet wareegay qaybta ugu weyn ee magaalada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xakamaynta ee iska caabin ah kooxaha cadowga shakhsi iyo ka saarista ee agagaarkeedii uu sii waday ilaa maalinta 30-ka. xoreynta oo dhamaystiran Kharkov ka duulay faashistihii dhacay maalintaas. On 30 August, magaalada abaabulay dabaal a sii daayo. Mid ka mid ah dadka Martidii sharaf ahaa xoghayaha guud ee mustaqbalka N. S. Hruschev.

geesiyaal xoraynta

Tan iyo markii ay howlgalka Kharkov ku lifaaqan muhiimad weyn, dowladda ma yeeleen joogay on abaalmarinta in ka qaybgalayaasha. qaybo badan sida horyaalka sharaf ku lifaaqan magacyadooda ereyada "Belgorod" iyo "Kharkiv". Askar iyo saraakiil abaalmarinta gobolka ayaa loo qaybiyey. Laakiin halkan uu horyaalka Kharkiv Hero City lama abaalmariyey. Waxay ku yidhaahdeen, Stalin go'aansaday ka dhanka ah ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in ugu danbeyn xoreeyaan magaalada ahayd oo kaliya isku day afraad.

183rd lugta Division wuxuu xaq u leeyahay horyaalka ee "double-Kharkov". Waxa uu ahaa askarta Qaybta this ugu horeysay soo galay laba jibbaaran ugu weyn ee magaalada (waxaa Dzerzhinsky.), Iyo 16 February iyo August 23, 1943.

U fiican isu muujiyey dagaalka ku at Kharkov Soviet Stormoviks "Petlyakov" iyo haanta halyeeyga T-34. Weli - waxay soo saaray, oo ay ku jiraan khabiiro of cagaf Kharkov ee Plant! Daad gureeyay in ay Chabrovsk, warshadda kaliya ee 1943 bilaabeen wax soo saarka mass of taangiyada (hadda - Chabrovsk cagaf Plant).

xusuusta weligeed ah

War aan khasaaro ma dhici, iyo taariikhda ayaa xaqiijiyay Kharkov. oo magaaladuna waxay ahayd hoggaanka xumida on arrintan. khasaaraha Soviet magaaladan hooseeyey ugu weyn ee Dagaalkii Patriotic Great oo dhan. Dabcan, waxaa la fahamsan yahay guud ahaan wadarta ah oo dhan afar dagaallada. xoraynta ee magaalada iyo nawaaxigeeda ka qiimo badan tahay 71 kun. Joogo.

Laakiin Kharkov ka badbaaday, oo dhisay muddo dheer weli ka shaqeeya oo gacmihiisa iyo madaxa dhinaca hooyo caadi ah oo weyn ... Haddaba magaaladii weli fursad ...