Yaa abuurtay helicopter ah, waxa sannad?

Sida ay muujinayso taariikhda, qoraaga hindisooyin badan oo muhiim ah sidaas ma fudud ama aan macquul ahayn si loo soo dajiyo. Ka dib oo dhan, fikradaha isku dhici kartaa in dad ah oo wadaaga qarnigii ama kun oo kiiloomitir. Tani waa run ku saabsan su'aasha ah, kuwaas oo la Abuurtay helicopter ugu horeysay, sida la og yahay, waayo, dad badan oo tayo leh saynisyahano, injineero iyo samaynta, kuwaas oo bixiyeen fikrad ka duwan abuurka ah ee diyaaradaha la duushay toosan.

prehistory

Waxa uu leeyahay dhab ahaan waxa sannad abuurtay helicopter ah, waa ay adag tahay in ku filan maadaama ay adag tahay in la ogaado meesha ugu of tixraaca. Haddii aan ka hadlo fikradda ah qalabka kor vertical marayo sare ee fur ku qoqobada, record ugu qadiimiga qoraal ah oo arrintan ka badan 1600 sano. Waxay ka koobnayd toy ilmaha yar ee foomka xaabo la fur ah oo ku saabsan dhamaadka, kaas oo la demisay u dhexeeya Timir ah, wareeg ah ee ku lifaaqan oo la sii daayay, ka dib markii taas oo lagu si kooban kor u ridan. Kasta oo codsi ku ool ah ee la alifay this lahaa ayaan weli la helay, oo dhererkeedu wuxuu illoobay.

Leonardo da Vinci

Inkastoo magaca hanad ugu weyn ee Renaissance ma ka mid ah kuwa loo yeedhay ku jawaabay su'aasha ah, kuwaas oo la Abuurtay helicopter ah, mid ka mid ah sawirada la sameeyey wuxuu gacanta u gaar ah by ee 1475 muuqan, waxaa jira diyaarad la rafaasad weyn. Leonardo soo jeediyay in hab noocan oo kale ah u lahaa in ay iska vertical, haddii rafaasad ku dhaqaaq, adiga oo isticmaalaya xoogga muruqa ah duuliyihii.

M. Lomonosov

Ka dib 270 sano, hab ah in si dhib la odhan karaa a noocooda mini-helicopter, ayaa la Been abuurtay in Russia. Its qoraaga ahayd Mikhail Lomonosov, kuwaas oo go'aansaday in la abuuro mashiin awood kor u sarreysa heerkulka weyn iyo alaabtii kale ee lagama maarmaanka u ah cilmi saadaasha hawada. Waxaa la og yahay in ay jiraan xitaa sameeyey model ah in waddaa ka farsamo guga, laakiin baaritaan ay aan ku guuleysanin. Wax kasta oo ay ahayd, in kastoo ay jiraan wax sabab ah in ay aaminsan yihiin in marka hore la Abuurtay helicopter ah M. Lomonosov iyaga abuurtay mabda'a bixinta ee Xuddunta ah Waxyeelo at diyaaradaha garabka Rotary-ka oo wali la isticmaalo oo waxaa loo arkaa inay classic la aqoonsan yahay.

The duulimaadka toosan ugu horeysay

In 1860 ee France by G. Ponton d'Amekur abuuray diyaaradaha aeronef, kuwaas oo lahaa laba fur coaxial oo waxaa lagu qalabaysan engine uumi ah. imtixaanada ma ahaayeen guul, iyo gaariga ma uu karin inuu ka dhigi wiish a taagan sidii ay hindisa rajeynayay.

Xaaladda bedelay leh dhalashada ee matoorada shidaal ku jiray oo awood badan markaad beehaysaan kuna uumi ka yar. September 29, 1907 marti duulimaadka ugu horeysay abid toosan. Waxaa sameeyey Gyroplane saarnayn, dhisay by Louis iyo Jacques Breguet oo taageero ka teori ah Professor S. doonee. Waxa uu socday wax ka yar hal daqiiqo. Mashiinka heli karo off dhulka ku waa oo kaliya 50 cm. Inkastoo guusha, khubarada badankooda waxay aaminsan yihiin in jawaabta su'aasha ah, kuwaas oo la Abuurtay helicopter ah, ma aad wici kartaa magacyada abuuray Gyroplane, sida uu duulimaadka lama ay gacanta ku, iyo unit laftiisa on kabashada waqtiga ahaa aruriya.

The duulimaad ay la duuliyo

In 1907, France Paul Cornu ahaa kuwa marka hore la Abuurtay helicopter ah, taas oo kor u ay abuure hawada. mashiinka waa in diyaarad 2 oo kaliya seconds iyo soo gaadhay height a of 50 cm. Xaaladdan oo kale, Cornu isku dayay in uu xakameeyo qalabka, laakiin ma dhihi karo in uu ku guulaysteen.

Taariikhda xiga ee la alifay ee helicopter ah

Wixii dhowr sano, samaynta iyo injineerada aan awoodin in ay xaliyaan dhibaatada of maaraynta diyaaradaha sida. tub ayaa yimid sannadkii 1911 markii N. B. ah Yurev ahaa kii been abuurtay helicopter la rotor dabada ah. farsamo dambe waxaa loo isticmaalaa in dhismaha diyaaradaha ilaa maantadan la joogo.

In 1922 Professor G. Botezat in ka dib markii kacaanka, wuxuu ka soo Russia ee Hijrooday ee USA, dhisay amarka of helicopter ah ciidamada Maraykanka deggan marka hore gacanta ee dunida. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, anigoo hawada at height a of 5 m, waxa laga yaabaa in dhowr daqiiqo hawada.

Horumarka berrinkii helicopter

diiwaanka dhowr ah ee duration iyo kala duwan oo waxaa loo soo dhiibay in sanadaha soo socda. ka mid ah:

• Record Argentine Raul Paterasa Pescara, Adkaatay helicopter ah oo ay meel fog design gaar ah 736 m,
• ugu dheer wakhtigaas (1924) duration diyaarad of 7 daqiiqo iyo 40 ilbiriqsi, kaamil France E. Emishenom ah;
• record helicopter Talyaani D'Ascanio, Adkaatay meel fog ka badan 1 km ee 1930;
• record xawaaraha (100 km / h) dhigay 1935 Gyroplane diyaaradaha godu.

Yaa abuurtay helicopter ugu horeysay ee dunida?

Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in jawaabta su'aashan waa in loogu yeeraa magaca cilmiga iyo diyaaradaha naqshadeeye Igorya Ivanovicha Sikorskogo. Long ka hor war abuurashadoodii ka mid ah abuurkiisa ugu weyn - helicopter-soo-saarka ugu horeysay adduunka ee - uu abuuray ugu horumarsan at in waqti diyaarad 4-engine "Ruush Vityaz". Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa uu sidoo kale iska leh eegidda ee arrinta of design ee seaplanes transatlantic.

Back ee 1931, Sikorsky ayaa xiranayo mashruuca duulaya mashiinka, dhismaha, taas oo muhiimad ahaan waa aan wax badan ka duwan daydo helicopter ah oo maanta loo isticmaalo. Gaar ahaan, waxa uu soo jeediyay isticmaalka rafaasad 2: ugu weyn ee - ku saabsan saqafka iyo taageero - on dabada.

The helicopter tijaabo Sikorsky hore - VS-300, ay gacanta ku nafsaddiisa, oo wuxuu qaaday inay cirka ee 1939. Waxay ka koobnayd biibiile steel dhexroor weyn oo leh qol u furan duuliyaha. diyaarad lahaa awoodda ka mid ah 65 litir. a. oo taas waxaa loo shaqeeya Lycoming, 3-qoqobada daab weyn ee rotor.

horumar dheeraad ah Sikorski

Bartamihii guga ee 1941 diyaaradaha sameeyey bandhigga oo ah helicopter ugu horeysay amphibious ee dunida inuu sabeyn jiifku ka, kaas oo wax ka beddelid ka mid ah ay horey u si fiican u yaqaan waqtiga diyaaradda VS-300. Diyaarado ka gooyay ka dusha sare ee biyaha oo si nabad ah ku degay dalka. Howlgalka ayaa socday ilaa 1 saac 35 daqiiqo, iyo xawaaraha gaadhay 100 km saacadiiba.

Ka dibna, naqshadeeye diyaaradda ayaa abuuray 18 nooc oo ah diyaaradaha qumaatiga u kaca, oo waxay ahaayeen mass-soo saaray. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay loogu talagalay model marawaxadaha, amphibious la marsho degtey gadaal loo celin karo, sidoo kale waxa loogu yeero wiish oo duulaya. Diyaaradaha qumaatiga u kaca, abuuray by Sikorsky, Iyaba duulimaad transatlantic iyo transpacific la shidaal kaga hawada. Mashiinka EGI loo isticmaalo ujeedooyin kala duwan. Ayaa mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed ka hor inta uusan ka fariisan Sikorski ayaa dhameystirtay abuurka ah ee helicopter S-58, waxaa loo arkaa helicopter ugu fiican jiilka 1-dii.

Haddaba aad u ogaato sababta waxaa lagu qiyaasayo in Igor Sikorsky abuurtay helicopter ugu horeysay. Tani ma aha in detract ka mudnaanta injineerada kale iyo samaynta kuwaas oo u go'ay sannado badan oo uu naftiisa u abuurista iyo horumarinta rotorcraft ah.