Winter Palace ee St. Petersburg: description, taariikhda

Taariikhda Palace Winter ee St. Petersburg, iyo sidoo kale dhismayaasha kale oo badan magaalada, wuxuu bilaabaa in waqtiga Tsar Peter I. In 1711, guddiga waayo, boqorku wuxuu dhisay wax u eg joogitaanka qaboobaha ah, taas oo la odhan jiray Palace Winter ah. Waxay ahayd a yar oo guriga laba dabaq la saqafka ah oo marmarka oo balbalada sare leh talaabooyin. Taariikhda Palace Winter ee St. Petersburg waa arrin xiiso leh iyo multi-yada. Waa hagaag, waxa la joogaa wakhtigii si ay u bilaabaan safarka taariikhiga ah.

Second Winter Palace

Sida sano ee la soo maray, magaalada si degdeg ah u koray, iyo dad badan oo dheeraad ah, ku dhow yahay inuu gooyo (ie boqorka), waxay bilaabeen inay dhisaan guryaha iyaga u gaar ah ee St. Petersburg. Peter waxaan, dabcan, ayaa sidoo kale doonayay guri fasax xaqse. Sidaas waxaa jiray Winter Palace caanka ah ee St. Petersburg. madaxtooyada labaad waxaa la dhisay xaq u socda si ay ugu horreeyey by naqshadeeyaha ugu I. Matarnovi. madaxtooyada waxa uu ahaa oo kaliya wax yar ka weyn kuwii hore ka badan, laakiin waxaa lagu dhisay dhagxan, laakiin inta badan waxaa ka mid ah xusid mudan in ay ahayd halkan 1725, ku dhintay Tsar Peter I. Macluumaad ku saabsan Palace Winter ee St. Petersburg si fiican in dalxiis kasta oo shakhsi ahaan eegi kartaa badbaaday meesha boqorka dhimasho.

Saddexaad Winter Palace

Naqshada Domenico Trezzini dhow isla markiiba kor u qaadatay casriyeynta ee Winter ee Palace labaad dhimashada boqorka ka dambeeya. Dhismaha soo baxay run ahaantii weyn iyo haybad. Second Winter Palace ahaa garabka galbeed, iyo meel saddexaad ee qolka weyn ee hadda waa Tiyaatarka Hermitage ah. About Palace Winter ee St. Petersburg, aad wax badan u sheegi kara, oo ay tahay oo kaliya jajab yar oo ka mid ah sheekooyinka badan oo dhan.

afraad Palace

Taariikhyahanadu madaxtooyada afaraad waxa uu la xidhiidhaa magaca Anny Ioannovny. Empress Finicky waxaa ku qanacsanayn xaqiiqada ah in qaar ka mid ah Admiral Apraksin Palace weyn iyo doonee, iyada ka badan ... laakiin isagu kuma uu jirin weyn oo ku filan iyo fiican for Her Majesty. Naqshada Rastrelli xalliyo dhibaatada this sida soo socota: waxa ay ku lifaaqan ah madaxtooyada saddexaad jira jirka aad u dheer. qaab-dhismeedka waxaa loo yaqaan "The Winter Palace afaraad ee St. Petersburg." Sharaxaad kooban oo ka mid ah goobaha soo socda: Daar grand la laba guriyo u wanaagsan. Rastrelli run ahaantii ahaa dhise tayo leh.

The guul shanaad iyo lixaad

madaxtooyada Fifth ahaa ku meel gaar ah, oo aan hoy kaliya a heer sare oo alwaax, kaas oo sidoo kale ku yaal meel fog ka bangiyada of Neva ah. Laakiin madaxtooyada lixaad ahaa run ahaantii indhaindhaynta grand. Guud ahaan, dhammaan Palace Winter ee St. Petersburg ahaa cusub oo loogu talagalay in ay waqti. Wakhtigan hore ee naqshadeeyaha ugu weyn waxay ahayd caqabad ku dhowaad looga adkaan, si ay u horumariyaan mashruuc ee madaxtooyada oo geli dhaqanka muddo laba sano ah! Kaasi waxa uu ahaa jajuubi oo ka mid ah ka dibna Empress Elizabeth!

On madaxtooyada lixaad shaqeeya kun oo farsamo, rinjiileyaasha, shaqaalaha macdantu, iyo kuwo kale oo badan. meelaha weyn iyo khayraadka ayaa loo qoondeeyay baahida dhismaha. Laakiin injineer sare Rastrelli ogaa in muddo laba sano ah ma uusan u maareeyaan, oo si joogto ah la codsado kordhin. In dhamaadka, ku adag tahay weyn, wuxuu u suurtagashay in ay hesho Empress si ay u kordhiyo muddo sannad ah.

hanad hal abuur leh ee Rastrelli

In dhamaadka, waxay u leexatay a Winter Palace buuxda ee St. Petersburg. Sharax kooban waxaa ka mid ah waa kan: dhinacyada toosaa farshaxanka. madaxtooyada wuxuu lahaa laba guriyo: mid ka mid ah u baxay inuu aagga, kale - si Neva ah. Intii lagu guda jiray jeer diiran ee sannadka madaxtooyada ku muuqata in biyaha webiga, taas oo badiyaa saamaynta.

Hanad Rastrelli dhammaataan uuraysatay qaabka gudaha madaxtooyada. Waxay ka koobnayd saddex dabaq. Ku yaal xafiisyada ugu horeysay on labaad - staterooms iyo laba kaniisadood, iyo dabaqa saddexaad ayaa gebi ahaanba loo qoondeeyey maxkamadda. Guud ahaan, in madaxtooyada, waxaa jiray 460 qolal kala duwan, taas oo uu leeyahay dhameysatay oo lamid ah. Waxaa laga yaabaa in tani ay tahay sabab u tahay sahaminta hal abuur leh Rastrelli si ammaan ah u oran karaa in soo jiidashada muhiimka ah ee St. Petersburg - Winter Palace.

Dhimashada Empress iyo milkiilaha cusub ee madaxtooyada

Empress Elizabeth, sida muuqata isag dareemi marakay dhacdey dhow, si uu doonayay in la odoroso iyada madaxtooyada sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ku dhameysatay ee suurtogalka ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, way dhimatay jooga daarta ku meel gaadh ah alwaax shanaad, oo waxba ma ay arki uu Winter Palace.

In 1761, madaxtooyada "qabsaday" Tsar Peter III. Wuxuu ahaa mid aad u faraxsanahay intan yar ee farshaxanka naqshadda iyo go'aansaday inuu maamuuso darajo Rastrelli ee Major General. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kor uguma carshiga 1962 Catherine II halaagnay mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed ee naqshadeeyaha ugu weyn, iyo wuxuu haystay oo ku Hijrootaan Talyaaniga, sidoo kale halkaas oo uu sii waday in ay ka shaqeeyaan qaaska ah.

A yar oo ku saabsan geedi socodka dhismaha

Sida kor ku xusan, in dhismaha kun oo serfs ay ku lug. Kaliya jajab yar oo ka mid ah waxaa la siiyey xaq u leeyihiin inay ku noolaadaan iyo hurdo qolka of Palace Winter ah, laakiin inta badan waxaa la geeyaa buulasha xaq on the seeraha Admiralty. Iibiya qayb ka mid ah magaalada, maxaa yeelay, Crore oo dhan this, ukas qiimaha cuntada, iyo bixiyo cuntada ka mushaharka shaqaalaha laga jaro. Waxa aan ahaa aan caadi ahayn, iyo si ay shaqaalaha ku hadhay deynta si ay u shaqayso ka dib markii degdegga. Waxaad dhahdaa, qaar ka mid ah iyo wastaadyo, iyo xataa gaajo la dilaa, oo sidaas daraaddeed shuruudaha ahaayeen waxshinimada ah. Winter Palace ee St. Petersburg, sida Wall Great ee Shiinaha, gobolka dalbaday share cadaalad ah khayraadka. Waqtigaas, Russia ahaa dagaal kula Prussia, si Abuuran hub mid caadi ah ma u soo jeestay, waayo, sancaynta ugu ay ku lug lahaayeen dhismaha Palace Winter ah.

Dhismaha Palace Winter waxaa ka joogay oo ku saabsan 2.5 milyan oo rubles, iyo kuwa wakhtigaas Ruble ahaa lacag aad u qiimo badan.

Dabka Palace Winter ah

In 1837, waxaa dhacay duufaan daran - qurux badan Winter Palace qarxay! Sababta shilka ahaa failure ee shooladda. Mugga dabka ahaayeen dhab ah oo waaaweyn - 30 saacadood waxaa lagu demiyo dhowr guuto oo ka mid ah regiments ilaalada, laba shirkadood oo dab madaxtooyada, Koox ka mid ah grenadiers madaxtooyada iyo boqolaal "cutubyo." Isku dayga in la badbaadiyo hantida madaxtooyada, askartii ba'an oo yeynan albaabka leben, isku dayayaan in ay dabka, oo karriintii laga saqafka kala dhantaashay by gabal joojiyaan, si ay u awoodaan in ay ku shub biyo on top, laakiin isticmaalka dhabta ah aan la keenay.

dib u soo celinta ee madaxtooyada

Marka dabka ugu dambeyntii hoos u dhintay, waxa suurto gal ahayd in la helo oo kaliya darbiyada iyo saqafka ee dabaqa koowaad - wax kasta oo kale waxaa doorinaynaa ka baxsan aqoonsiga. In 1837 waxaa la bilaabay shuqullada dib u soo celinta, kaas oo ku dhamaaday saddex sanno (xusa in waqti isku mid ah Palace Winter la dhisay ka xoq) oo keliya ka dib. Iyo iyadoo ay jirto in ka shaqeeyaan maalin walba si ay uga qayb by 10 kun. Shaqaalaha. Tan iyo markii ugu of design asalka ah ee madaxtooyada qaatay tiro aad u badan waqtiga, inta badan sawirada ayaa la badiyay, ka dibna injineero lahaa in wanaajinta. Sidaas darteed of Palace Winter ee St. Petersburg si weyn loo bedelay, helidda muuqaalada eegno casriga ah naqshadda dhismaha. Sidaas daraaddeed waxaa ku, dhab ahaantii, "version toddobaad" ee madaxtooyada. Description of Palace Winter ee St. Petersburg soo socda: muuqaalka cad-cagaaran badan oo tiirar iyo xilliyo kulmi sharraxdid dahab.

Electrification iyo casriyeynta gudaha

Isla mar bareeg 1869-1888, daaraha waaweyn ee jid kasta u cusboonaynta: telefoniziruyut, electrified, gazofitsiruyut, fuliyaan tuubooyinka biyaha. By habka, waayo electrification ee Palace Winter ee ay dabaqa labaad waxaa la dhisay warshad, kaas oo muddo 15 sano ah waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay ugu weyn ee Europe.

Under saameynta ay ku hababka kala duwan ee madaxtooyada ayaa waxaa si joogta ah u sakhiray in lagu casriyeeyo gudaha iyo rinjiyaynta derbiyada. Ma jirto midabada sida in spectrum qaansoroobaad, taas oo aan la wasakheeyey waqtiga Palace Winter ah. Tusaale ahaan, intii lagu jiray dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka qasriga ahaa midabka cas hodan dagaal.

Winter Palace maanta

Sheekada of Palace Winter ee St. Petersburg uu dhamaado. Haddaba waxaa jirta in isbahaysiga la tiyaatarada ku xiga oo ka dhigan iyaga la hal adag oo ah "Hermitage". Tani waa la soo dhaafay, version siddeedaad. Iidle iyo degree cajiib ah xaq u eegno casri ah si kalsooni leh u odhan in jiidashada muhiimka ah ee St. Petersburg - Winter Palace.

Haddaba Winter Palace heer sare ah waxaa la furay booqashada iyo tours taariikhiga ah. Description of Palace Winter ee St. Petersburg, afka taariikhyahan khibrad ka waa runtii xiiso. Dalxiisayaal waxay xaq u leeyihiin inay ku raaxaystaan hoolka dhammaataan hagaajiyeen carshigiisa St. George, Room ee Golden ama boudoir xarrago ka buuxa tiro badan oo muraayadaha iyo isku sharraxdid dahab. Sidoo kale uchidet qiimihiisu Malachite Room leh tiirar cagaaran hodan iyo hoolka xafladaha haybad. Sidoo kale waxa ay leedahay gallery farshaxan leh wax badan oo shuqullada asalka ah.