Xoraynta ee Belgrade ka naasiga ah, ee 1944

2014 waxay ahayd hodan ku ah ama dabbaaldegyada. Ka dib oo dhan, 70 sano ka hor, qaaday xoraynta ee Belgrade, Bucharest, Sofia iyo magaalooyin kale oo badan oo caasimadaha Yurub by Ciidamada Soviet. Gaar ahaan xustey sanad-guuradii this walaalnimo Serbia, halkaas oo ilaa maantadan la joogo xusuusan geesinimo ah oo ka mid ah askarta Ciidanka Cas agteeda. Tan iyo xoraynta ee Belgrade ka dhacay 1944, taas oo Soviet iyo hoggaamiyayaasha ciidamada Yugoslav kaalin muhiim ah?

prehistory

shaqo ee Yugoslavia ciidamada Nazi bilowday ka dib markii duqeymo xooggan ee Belgrade April 6, 1941. Isla markii formation of this ee dhaqdhaqaaqa dhuumaalaysiga ah. Oo markii hore laba baal jirey: Boqortooyada iyo communist. Waxaa cad in xulafada ay go'aansadeen in ay taageeraan taageerayaasha ka mid ah loo musaafuriyay King Peter II. ethnic cleansing ee dadka aan reer Serbia ee Yugoslavia iyo Soviet iyo dawladaha Ingiriiska Si kastaba ha ahaatee, by 1943 ku monarchists, ama, sida ay u yeedheen, Chetniks ah, si buuxda u cadadkii waxay bilaabeen inay si cad u taageersan hogaamiyaha shuuciga Josip Broz Tito.

Xaaladda hore qalliinka ka hor Belgrade

Sababtoo ah halka ay ku taalo juqraafi ahaan, Serbia ayaa mar walba waddo istraatiiji ah ee Balkans. Sidaa darteed, amarka Jarmal ka maalmood ee ugu horreeya shaqo ee qayb ka this ee Yugoslavia waxaa lagu hayaa xoog badan. Waxaa intaa dheer, ka dib markii guul Army Cas ee Romania iyo Bulgaria, oo waxaa la sii daayay si Serbia Danube noqon xitaa ka sii badan oo muhiim u ah Wehrmacht ah. Xaqiiqdu waxay tahay in on soohdimaha bari ee dalka Jarmalka socdeen in uu abaabulo line difaac ka dhan ah ee horumarinta ciidamada Soviet, taas oo ka bixi lahaa ciidamada ka Greece oo Makedoniya iyo in ay u diraan si ay u ilaaliyaan soohdimaha Germany. Sidaas darteed, waxay ahayd wax iska cad in xoraynta Belgrade (1944) waa adag tahay iyo waxay u baahan yihiin diyaarinta wanaagsan.

Gaar ahaan, ka badan 28 July 1944 oo ka mid ah NLA ee Yugoslavia ahaayeen ka Bosnia dhinaca Serbia, iyo bishii September bilaabay in uu la qabsado ciidamada Soviet. Warkaan ayaa ah hab of Army Red la xiiso aqbalay by deggan caasimadda Yugoslav, kaas oo ay ahayd calaamad u tahay in xoraynta Belgrade dhow yahay. Intaa waxaa dheer, in dayrta hore Command High Jarmalka ayaa go'aansaday in ay ka baxaan ka Balkans si Hungary Army Group "E", iyo xoraynta ee Bulgaria ku dhawaaqay dagaal Germany iyo celin horteeda Yukreeniyaan waxaan ku amartaa III, II iyo IV ee ciidamada Bulgarian.

Start hawlgalka

Muddadii u dhexeysey 15 ilaa 21 September 17th Air Army la amray by amarka Soviet in buundooyinka bam iyo walxaha kale oo muhiim ah, sidaas darteedna looga hortago bixitaankii ciidamada Jarmalka ka soo jeeda gobollada koonfureed ee Yugoslavia iyo Greece. Markaas, on September bilaabay 28 weerar on Belgrade 57aad Army, taas oo ka soo garabka midig daboolay Cutubyo Danube ee lagu qasbay in ay dhex marayay keeye ah. Ciidamada Soviet kaashanaya qaybaha NOAYU in waqti gaaban ayaa dhex maray difaacyada cadowga ku teedsan soohdinta la Bulgaria iyo sameeyey marinka adag marayo Serbian Carpathians, si joogto ah ku hawlanaa dagaalo la Jarmalka sii Socda.

xoraynta Belgrade ee: taariikhda iyo marxaladaha ugu weyn ee howlgalka

October 8, Ciidamada Soviet gudbay webiga Morava oo Ooga bridgehead ah Palanka iyo Velika Plana. From waxaa jira on October 12 weerar on Belgrade ee xagga koonfureed, oo waxaa ka soo qaybgalay qaybaha ciidamada Bulgarian iyo 2 jirka NOAYU. Isla mar ahaantaana waxay bilaabeen isgoyska of Danube ee mid ka mid ah dhismayaasha ee Yukreeniyaan Front, taas oo ka dhigtay suurto gal ah weerarkii lagu qaaday Yugoslavia, caasimadda ah ee waqooyi-bari.

By 14 October, howlgalka Belgrade soo socda dhacdooyinka ka dhacay:

• 12-NOAYU Corps wareegay waddooyinka soo gala magaalada, oo ku yaalla koonfurta River Sava ah;
• V ilaalada rarayaan Corps in Belgrade ayaa u yimid oo ku biiray dagaalka ku on duleedka daayee;
• 57aad Army bilaabay horumarinta weheliyaan Danube, isku dayayaan in ay si deg deg ah u hesho in Belgrade.

Intaa waxaa dheer, 16-kii October ee Smederevo Danube Cutubyo ahaa degtey ah. Xataa iyadoo ay kaalmo ka mid ah sida ciidanka xoreynta badan oo dhammaystiran ee Belgrade ka naasiga ka dhacay maalmood oo kaliya lix qalliinka kadib. Xaqiiqada ah in magaalada ciidankii Jarmal lahaa kabadan 20,000 oo qof, ahaa oo haysta 170 qori iyo madaafiic iyo 40 taangiyada. Iyo, idinkoo xukumaya ka dardaaran qarsoon Command Wehrmacht ah, ciidamada oo dhan socdeen si ay allabari ugu bixiyaan si loo hubiyo in ka bixitaankii kun oo koox ciidan "E".

ciidan ka qayb-qaatay hawlgalka Belgrade, oo CA iyo khasaaro NOAYU

Dhinaca Soviet in weerar on caasimada Yugoslav ka qayb IV ilaalada rarayaan Corps, lugta 236th, 73th iyo 106th ilaalada Division, mid ka mid ah lidka dayuuradaha qeybinta madaafiic, dhowr hoobiye, madaafiic iyo regiments madaafiic is-baasuukayaal, saddex gaar ah lidka dayuuradaha guutada madaafiicda. Intaa waxaa dheer, waa mid ka mid ah ma dhayalsan doorka dhinaca Yugoslav siiyey 8 qaybsanaanta, iyada oo aan taas xoraynta Belgrade dib loo dhigo lahaa xataa more. Inta uu hawlgalka socday Army Red lunsan dhaawaca, la dilay iyo ka maqan in ka badan 30 000 oo askar iyo saraakiil kuwaas oo si toos ah ayaa magaalada, dilka ku saabsan 1,000 jidadka. Sayidka NOAYU dhibanaha inta lagu guda jiro weerar lacag si iskaa wax u qabso 2953.

Madaxda Militariga, ayaa door muhiim ah ka xoraynta magaalada Yugoslav

Liberation of Belgrade (1944) ka dhacay mahad badan oo falalka isku dubaridan oo ka mid ah taliyayaasha Soviet iyo Yugoslav. Sida hore u soo sheegnay, kaalinta ugu weyn ee loo xilsaaray III ahaa hore Yukreeniyaan amray F. I. Tolbuhina, si gaar ah ciidamada 57aad, oo la joogo in si toos ah Lt. Gen. N. A. Gagen. Waxaa ka mid ah madaxdii ciidamada ee Soviet Sidoo kale waa in la ogaadaa General Zhdanov, kuwaas oo ku amray rarayaan IV ilaalada ka Corps oo helay qalliin Belgrade horyaalka ee Hero of Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo Dadka Hero of Yugoslavia. Iyadoo la tixgelinayo amrayo unugyada NOAYU weerareen Belgrade, waxaa la aaminay in Dapchevicha Peko, kuwaas ayaa soo bandhigay xirfadaha urureed xitaa inta lagu guda jiro Dagaalkii Sokeeye Isbaanish.

Biladda "Waayo Liberation of Belgrade"

In la dhiiri geliyo kuwa isaga qudhiisa ku kala duwanaayeen dagaalka ku for caasimadda ah ee Yugoslavia, June 9, 1945 abaalmarinta a state gaar ah waxaa la aasaasay. Waxay ahayd Biladaha ee "Waayo Liberation of Belgrade", kaas oo helay 70,000 oo dad ah. Abaalmarintan waa goobo kaamil ah 3.2 cm naxaas ah dhexroor, ku xiran by yahay tab giraanta oo block pentagonal caadiga ah, kaas oo la daboolay strip madow cagaaran cajalad dhexe. obverse ee qadaadiic shubo Looxii convex "Waayo, Liberation of Belgrade", Korkiisana yahay xiddig shan geesood. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, waxa ay ka muujinayaa circumferentially Laurel. Sida dambe ee, ma jirin maalinta xoreynta Belgrade iyo qorniinkan waa la arki on this yar star oo shan geesood. design bilad waxaa la abuuray by artist A. I. Kuznetsovym, waxaa la qoray in ay xirtaan on dhinaca bidix ee xabadka.

Munaasabad lagu maamuusayay sanad guuradii 70aad ee xoreynta ee Belgrade

Inkastoo parade dhaqanka oo ku beegnaa dhamaystirka shaqo Jarmal ee magaalada Serbian qabtay on October 20, 2014 dabaal qabtay afar maalmood ka hor. Sida laga soo xigtay version rasmiga ah waxaa ka mid ah waxaa ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqda ah in ay tahay October 16, 1944, Ciidamada Soviet xoreeyay xarunta of Belgrade. Sidoo kale, warbaahinta ayaa sheegay in waxaas la sameeyey si loo hubiyo in in dabaal goob joog ka ahaa Madaxweyne Vladimir Putin.

Hits "guusha Step" ee Belgrade

October 16, 2014 caasimada Serbia ayaa markii ugu horeysay dhoolatus military lagu qabtay ka dib 1985. Sidaas darteed, madaxda dalka ay go'aansadeen in ay u dabaal-guuradii 70aad ee xoraynta Belgrade. Munaasabada this goob joog ka ahaa 100 kun oo deggan, saraakiisha ugu sareeya ee Serbia iyo V. V. Putin. Waxa intaa dheer in kolonyo ka soo gudbeen ciidamo Serbia iyo qalabka ah oo cirka jooga in ka badan Belgrade bandhigay tahay oo ka mid ah duuliyayaasha Ruush oo ka mid ah group "Swifts".

Sidaas darteed, waxaan dhihi karaa in isku dayaysa in ay ku qoroto taariikh ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay ee Europe ay dhacdo Serbia aadan haysan guusha, iyo dadkii dalka this xusuustaa feat oo ka mid ah askartii Soviet kuwaas oo hijrooday oo miridhkeeda faashistihii iyo xoreeyay Belgrade.