Xaqiiqo in rinjiyeynta. fikrad dhexe

Ereyga "xaqiiqo" macno ahaan waxaa loola jeedaa "sax ah", "dhabta ah". In farshaxanka, habkani ujeeddo leedahay, run ka tarjumaya xaqiiqada iyadoo la isticmaalayo qalab gaar ah.

Taariikh ahaan, macnaha la taaban karo ee "xaqiiqo" waxaa loola jeedaa fanka iyo suugaanta, taas oo la aasaasay qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad. Its barwaaqo iyo ku wareegsan oo dhammu-horumarinta aagga this gaadhay qarnigii 19aad. Muddadan, inta badan si cad u cadeeyay xaqiiqo muhiim ah in rinjiyeynta. Direction loo sameeyay iskaashiga ama halgan kula hadda kale ee fanka ee qarnigii labaatanaad.

Xaqiiqo in rinjiyaynta qarnigii 19-bartamihii waxa lagu gartaa nidaam gaar ah farshaxanka, taasoo aragti ahaan xaq hab rata miyir qabo.

In France, habkani farshaxanka waxaa inta badan la xidhiidha magaca Courbet. shuruudaha ugu weyn ee xaqiiqo waqtiga ahaa racfaan si dhab casriga ah ee kala duwan ee daliilka ay, barbaro on sayniska sax ah. Wakiillada oo ka mid ah farsamooyinka cad oo sax ah loo isticmaalo hadda, iyaga bedelay xoogaa farsamooyinka jacayl ah "caddayn iyo qeyrul". Of muhiimadda ugu weyn ee dhinaca horumarka mustaqbalka ee kacaanka ahayd ee 1848, sayrtay dhalanteed ah wakiillo intelligentsia Faransiiska.

In Russia, xaqiiqo in rinjiyeynta ee qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii 19aad, waxaa la kala saari Karin xidhiidh ula horumarinta fikradaha bulshada dimoqraadiga ah. Taasi laftigeeda muujiyey daraasadda dhow ee dabiiciga ah, naxariis ah oo qoto dheer ee aayaha iyo nolosha dadka weheliso denunciation ee qaab-dhismeedka dawlad jira.

saddexaad ee la soo dhaafay qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad ayaa loo calaamadeeyay by formation of group Wanderers ah. iyaga ka mid ah Kramskoy, Perov, Shishkin, Repin, Savrasov, Surikov iyo kuwa kale. Thanks iyaga, xaqiiqo ah in rinjiyeynta ayaa ku xoogaystay ay meel, muujiyey rinjiyeynta taariikheed oo ku sifayn, Bbc iyo sawirrada.

dhaqan hadda waxaa si gaar ah aasaasay Russia ee horrantii qarnigii labaatanaad. Tani waa caddayn ka shaqaynayeen Korovin, Serov, Ivanov iyo kuwa kale. Ka dib markii kacaanka, waa ku salaysan dhaqankooda bilaabay si ay u horumariyaan xaqiiqo hantiwadaagga ee rinjiyeynta. Tani qalab hal abuur ahaa milicsiga miyir bilicsanaanta of fikradda bulshada ka mid ah nin iyo dunida. Aragtidani waxa ay, markeeda, sababa xilligii halganka for the formation iyo xoojinta bulshada cusub.

Xaqiiqo in rinjiyeynta noqday jihada ugu weyn ee farshaxanka ee USSR. Fikradda ah in habkani uu ahaa gaadhsiiyey naado ogeysiis ah ee matalaad aaminka ah ee dhabta ah ee ay horumarka kacaan.

Ra'yiga A dheeraad ah oo sax ah ayaa waxaa la diyaariyey by Gorky ee 1934, ee Congress ka Writers '. Waxa uu sheegay in xaqiiqo in rinjiyeynta, suugaanta iyo farshaxanka ee guud waxaa loogu talagalay si ay u ansixiyaan iyagoo sida tallaabo. Sida habka hal abuur leh, waxa uu leeyahay hawsha sii horumarinta awoodaha insaanka ugu qiimaha badan, mahad oo waxa uu noqonayaa mid suurtogal ah si ay ugu guuleystaan ciidamada dabiiciga ah aawadood oo ah caafimaadka iyo socdeyba Insi iyo farxad weyn caalamka. Sayidka, xaqiiqo in rinjiyeynta iyo isbeddellada kale ee fanka of steel waa nooc cusub oo ah miyir hal abuur leh.