Waxyeellada tayada leh ee glycerin waa mid gaar ah, oo kaa caawineysa in la ogaado

Glycerin ama, sida laga soo xigtay magaca caalamiga ah, propantriol--1,2,3 waa walax kakan oo ka tirsan khamriga "polyhydric alcohols", ama si ka badan oo sax ah waa khamriga trihydric, Wuxuu leeyahay 3 kooxood oo hydroxyl - OH. guryaha The kiimikada ee glycerol la mid yihiin kuwa ay yihiin monoalcohols, laakiin guryaha acidic yihiin inta badan sameysa ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in kooxda hydroxyl badan iyo kuwa kasta oo kale oo ay saamayn ku yeelan.

Glycerin, sida khamriga oo leh hal hydroxyl, ayaa si fiican u milmi biyo. Tani, waxaa la odhan karaa, sidoo kale waa fal-tayo ah oo lagu garto glycerin, maadaama ay ku dhex milmi karto biyaha inta badan saamiga. Qalabkan waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu soo saaro antifriyeska - dareeraha aan qaboojineynin iyo qaboojiyaha baabuurta iyo diyaaradaha.

Sidoo kale glycerin waxay la falgalaan kaneecada. Tani waa fal-celin tayo leh glycerin, taas oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano volcano Scheele. Si aad u fuliso, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad ku daadiso kiniiniga potassium, kaas oo lagu shubay qaabka xayeysiis leh qoto dheer oo ku jira baaquli porsel, ku dar 1-2 dhibcood oo ah glycerin anhydrous. Daqiiqad ka dib ayaa isku dhafka dab la shidaa dabka. Inta lagu jiro fal-celinta, qadar badan oo kuleyl ah ayaa la sii daayaa, iyo sidoo kale walxaha kulul ee walxaha falcelinta iyo uumiga biyaha. Dareen-celintaasi waa casaan.

Glycerin waxay leedahay higroscopicity, i.e. Awood u lahaanshaha qoyaanka. Waxay ku jirtaa hantidan in falcelinta tayada soo socota ee glycerin ay ku saleysan tahay. Waxaa lagu sameeyaa daboolka foorarka. Wixii dhaqanka ah ee tuubada nadiifka ah, nadiifinta qallalan ku shub 1 cm3 oo ah hydroceium potassium hydrogen sulfate (KHSO4). Ku dar 1-2 dhibcood oo ah glycerin, ka dibna kuleylka ilaa inta muuqaalka ur ah. Qalabka nafaqada ee Potassium ayaa halkan u dhaqmaa sida walaxda biyaha isku-buuqaya, oo billaabmaysa inay muujiso lafteeda markay kululaato. Glycerin, luminta biyaha, waxaa loo beddelaa unugurated a - akrolein, kaas oo leh ur ur xun. isla'egta Reaction: S3N5 (OH) 3 - H2C = CH-Cho + 2 H2O.

Reaction of glycerol la hydroxide copper waa tayo ah oo u adeegta si loo go'aamiyo ma aha oo kaliya glycerol laakiin kan kale polyols. Si aad u sameyso, waa in aad marka hore diyaariso xal cusub oo ah naxaas hydroxide (II). Si taas loo dhamaadka, copper sulfate ku daray sodium hydroxide iyo hesho copper hydroxide, copper (II), kaas oo noocyada buluug soo dadajin. Tuubadan oo leh faleemo waxay ku darsataa dhawr dhibcood oo ah glycerin iyo ogaysiis in shimbirta la waayay, iyo xalka wuxuu helay midab buluug ah. Qalabka waxaa la yiraahdaa khamriga ama bakteeriyada glycerate. Waxyeellada tayada leh ee glycerin leh copper (II) hydroxide waxaa loo isticmaalaa haddii glycerin uu ku jiro qaab saafi ah ama xal aqueous ah. Si loo fuliyo fal-celinta noocan oo kale ah, taas oo glycerine ay la socoto nijaarro, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la sameeyo nadiifinta hordhaca ah.

Dareen-celinnada tayada leh ee glycerin ka caawiya si loo ogaado degaan kasta. Waxaa si firfircoon loogu isticmaalaa go'aaminta glycerin ee cuntada, qurxinta alaabada, dhirta, diyaarinta daawada iyo antifriyeska.