Polyols: soocista, diyaarinta iyo isticmaalka

Alcohols soo dheegtay taagoo shidaalka, taas oo ka mid ah ama ka badan atamka hydrogen dhow la eb ee carbon cokan waxaa bedelay koox hydroxy - OH. Waxaa la experimentally caddeeyeen in xaddiga hydroxyls khamriga ee Britain ee kama badan karto tirada atamka shidaalka. Iyada oo ku xidhan nooca xagjirka ah, kala saaro acyclic (aliphatic) iyo alcohols xilliile ah; by tirada kooxaha hydroxyl, - mancaha, qaybsamaa, sadex, iyo alcohols polyhydric; robab - cokan iyo roodhida, deegaamaynta site of group hydroxyl a Silsilad hydrocarbon ah - alcohols hoose, mid sare iyo mid jaamacadeed.

alcohols Polyhydric - taagayo of alkanes ee u taagoo leh in ka badan saddex atamka hydrogen lagu bedelay hydroxy - OH. Waayo, alcohols polyhydric sida taagayo of monosaccharides lagu gartaa isomerism iyo booska isomerism indhaha ee group OH ee silsilad shidaalka. isomerism indhaha la xidhiidha awoodda kooxaha qaar ka mid ah walxaha organic in xal u muujiyaan waxqabad indhaha. dhaqdhaqaaqa indhaha walxaha la go'aamiyo isticmaalaya polarimeter ah.

reaction tayada on polyols

reaction ugu badan in polyols tayo waa ay is dhexgalka hydroxide copper. Inta lagu jiro kala hydroxide reaction, oon la xirrira adag guduud chelate.

Polyols: wakiilada ugu weyn

alcohols S4N6 Chetyrehatomnye (OH) 4 yeedhay tetritami, pentahydric S5N7 (OH) 5 - pentitami, alcohols hexahydric S6N8 (OH) 6 - hexitols. In koox kasta oo kale kala saaro alcohols shaqsiga kaas oo ay leeyihiin magacyo taariikhiga ah: erythritol, arabitol, sorbitol, xylitol, dulcitol, mannitol, iwm

polyalcohols diyaarinta

alcohols Kuwan waxaa ku dhexsameeysmo by yareynta monosaccharides, uumiga ee aldehydes la formaldehyde ee dhexdhexaad ah xumadoodu. Inta badan, alcohols polyhydric ka alaabta ceeriin dabiiciga ah loo diyaariyey. alcohols Qaar ka midhaha ash buurta bixiyay.

alcohols Polyhydric - optically xarunta firfircoon, aad L. biyo. The spectra IR iyo UV leeyihiin guutooyin nuugista kooxaha OH caadiga ah ee alcohols monohydric. guryaha kiimikada ee alcohols sabab u ah joogitaanka kooxaha OH. In falcelinta xeryahooda, kuwaas oo la Dhulka Biraha xumadoodu alcoholates sameeyay - saccharate. In lagu qayilo ee hydroxyl kaas oo kooban dhow marka hore la eb carbon (C1) loo sameeyay monosaccharides.

Polyols: wakiilada ugu weyn

Erythritol HOCH 2 (CHOH) 2SN2ON - crystalline walax dhalaalayaa at 121,5 ° C. khamriga ee kor ku xusan ku jira lichens iyo Muuse. Erythritol waxaa laga heli karaa sabab u tahay dib u soo kabashada ee 1,3-butadiene iyo erythrose. Ayaa sheegay in khamriga waxaa loo isticmaalaa in soo saaridda ee xeryahooda qarxa, Daac deg deg ah-qalajiyo, ✰Saliidda qubeyska.

Xylitol HOCH 2 (CHOH) 3SNON - kiristaalo macaan, diyaar L. biyo, dhalaalay at heerkul ah 61.5 degrees. khamriga sare la samaysan karin by yareynta xylose. Xylitol loo adeegsado warshadaha cuntada ee soo saaridda cuntada dadka sonkorowga qaba, iyo sidoo kale in soo saaridda ee Beeyada alkyd, saliidaha qalajinta, iyo surfactants.

Pentaerythritol, C (CH2OH) 4 - adag si liidata L. biyo. Helay by ficil formaldehyde la acetaldehyde in joogitaanka Ca (OH) 2. Waxa loo isticmaalaa in soo saaridda ee polyesters, Beeyada alkyd, tetrapentaeritrita, surfactants, plasticizers for chloride polyvinyl, saliidaha dardaro. Waxay tusineysaa guryaha maandooriyaha.

Mannitol HOCH 2 (CHOH) 4SN2ON - walax dhadhan macaan dhalaalayaa at 165 digrii. Ku jira Muuse, fangaska, algae, dhirta sare. Codsatay sida lagu durayo ah iyo sida qayb ka mid ah waxyaalaha la isku qurxiyo (cadar).

D-sorbitol HOCH 2 (CHOH) 4SN2ON - dhalaalayaa at 96 degrees. khamriga Midhaha hodanka ah ee ash buur. Sorbitol waa la helay in hoos u of glucose. Ayaa sheegay in khamriga waa wax soo saarka dhexe ee ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee vitamin C, waxay muujinaysaa tallaabo lagu durayo, loo isticmaalo sida bedel dadka sonkorowga qaba sucrose.