Function iyo qaab-dhismeedka unugyada epithelial. Dhismaha unugyada epithelial iyo connective

Fabric - go'an unugyada iyo walax intercellular. Waxay leedahay astaamaha caadiga ah ee qaab-dhismeedka iyo qabata shaqo isku mid ah. In jirka ah ee afarta nooc ee unugyada: epithelial, neerfaha, muruqa iyo connective.

Dhismaha epithelial unugyada aadanaha iyo xayawaanka keena, ugu horreeya oo dhan, oo ay deegaamaynta. unugyada Epithelial waa lakabka xuduud unugyada lasoo integuments jidhka, xub-axaleedka oo ka mid ah xubnaha gudaha iyo daloolada. Sidoo kale, wax badan oo bir ah ee jirka waxaa la aasaasay epithelium.

sifooyinka Guud

Dhismaha unugyada epithelial uu leeyahay tiro ka mid ah muuqaalada epithelium soo jireenka ah oo kaliya. feature ugu muhiimsan waa in dhar laftiisa uu leeyahay qaab lakabka ah oo joogto ah ee unugyada ku jira xiriir dhow la leh kasta oo kale.

Epithelium lasoo dhan dusha ee jirka, waxa uu leeyahay qaab dhismaha, halka beerka, xameetida, thyroid, qanjidhada dhareerka, iyo kuwa kale waa cluster ah unugyada. In kiiska hore waxa la dhigayaa on top of xuub dhulka hoostiisa kala epithelium ka nudaha connective. Laakiin waxaa ka reeban, marka dhismeedka unugyada epithelial iyo connective arkay ee macnaha guud ee wada hadalka. Gaar ahaan, in nidaamka durey, iskhilaafka unugyada unugyada epithelial iyo connective. Noocan waxaa loo yaqaan epithelium atypical.

awood High regenerative - waa feature kale oo epithelium.

unugyada Polar oo unug, taas oo ay keentay kala duwanaanshaha qaybo asalka iyo Boodaynin of xarunta gacanta.

Dhismaha unugyada epithelial in badan sabab u meel soohdinta ay, kuwaas oo, ee jeedo, ka dhigaysa epithelium waa link muhiim ah in geeddi-socodka ah ee exchange. unugyada Tani waxay ku lug leh nuugista nafaqooyin ka xiidmaha gelin dhiigga iyo dheecaanka, isa-soociddiisa kaadida dhex epithelia kelyaha iyo On sidaas.. Waxa kale oo aad iloobin karo oo ku saabsan shaqada ay ku nabadgeli karaan, taas oo ah in unugyo ka soo saamaynta waxyeello loo ilaaliyo.

Dhismaha mid ah waxyaabaha la xirrira xuub dhulka hoostiisa, waxay muujinaysaa in waxa ku jira xaddi weyn oo mucopolysaccharides, iyo sidoo kale shabakad of fibrils wanaagsan.

Sida dhigay unugyada epithelial?

Features of dhismeedka unugyada epithelial xayawaanka iyo bini'aadanka oo waxaa inta badan loo Yeedhiyaa by xaqiiqada ah in ay horumar waa la fuliyay oo dhan saddex lakab jeermiga. Habkaani waa dabeecadda keliya ee noocan ah dhar. Ectoderm kor u epithelium maqaarka, saabka afka, qayb ka mid ah badan ee hunguriga, wilka; endoderm - epithelium ee mareenka caloosha iyo mindhicirka, iyo mesoderm - epithelium oo ka mid ah xubnaha kaadida iyo xuubka nabarrada.

In horumarka SNMna bilaabmaa si ay u sameeyaan ku jira marxaladaha ugu horreeya. Tan iyo markii ay ka kooban of qadar ku filan oo unug epithelial mandheerta, waa xisbiga ee exchange of walxaha dhexeeya hooyada iyo ilmaha caloosha ku.

Joogtaynta daacadnimada ah unugyada

The dhexgalka unugyada in formation deriska waa suurto gal ay sabab u tahay jiritaanka desmosomes. Tani dhismeedka badan gaarka ah ee size submicroscopic, kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood. Mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah, dhagid meelo gaar ah, degan dusha ku xiga ee unugyada deriska ah. Farqiga Saa'ibo sida dhexeeya toortaha of desmosomes waa carbohydrate walax ka dhaca.

Mararka ay ku Toostaan intercellular ballaaran yihiin, desmosomes ku yaalaan at darafyadiisa oo soo food saartay cytoplasm ferjiga inaad la xiriirto unugyada. Haddii aynu eegno laba ferjiga microscope ka yar, waxaad ka heli doontaa in ay leeyihiin qaab buundooyinka intercellular.

Daacadnimada tollayn xiidmaha yar oo la hayo by isuga ee xuubka unug ka mid ah Unugyada ku xeeran oo duurka ku of xiriir. meelaha noocan oo kale ah waxaa badanaa loo tumeen sidii danbeysa.

Waxaa jira xaalado kale oo meesha ma jiraan qaabab gaar ah oo daacadnimada. Markaas xiriir unugyada deriska la ah waa la fuliyay by xiriirka u dhexeeya xajmi oo fidsan ama unugyada maroojin. Cidhifyada unugyada imbricate laga yaabaa xirmi.

Dhismaha unugyada unugyada epithelial

The sifooyinka gaarka ah ee unugyada unugyada epithelial yihiin joogitaanka ay dusha of xuub plasma ah.

Unugyada ku lug leh qoondaynta ee alaabta dheefshiidka in xuub plasma ka mid ah asalka ee jirka unug la arkay laabanto.

unugyada - sayniska waxa loogu yeero ee unugyada sameynta nudaha epithelial. Features of qaab dhismeedka, shaqada unugyada waa si dhow la xiriira. Sayidka, sida uu qaab ay share ee guriga, cubic iyo columnar. At xudunta u ahaaday euchromatin, sidaas waxa uu leeyahay midab khafiif ah. muhimka ah ee ah halkii ballaaran, ay qaab kulan qaabka of unugyada.

polarity muujiyay keena meesha uu nuclei ee qaybta asalka, mitochondria waa ka sarreeyo, qalab Golgi iyo centrioles. In unugyada, shaqo secretory of fulinta gaar ahaan si fiican u horumarsan reticulum endoplasmic oo adag Golgi. Epithelium kulma unugyada load farsamo weyn in ay nidaamka ayaa daah gaar ah - tonofibrils kuwaas oo la siiyo ooday loogu talagalay si ay u ilaaliyaan unugyada ka dhanka ah calaamadaha lahayo.

microvilli

Qaar ka mid ah unugyada, ama halkii ay cytoplasm dushiisa sameysmi karaa yar yar, si toos ah dibadda, in ay sameeyaan koritaan - microvilli. The ugu weyn ee kooxdu waxaa laga heli karaa dusha sare Boodaynin of epithelium ee xiidmaha yar iyo meelaha ugu muhiimsan ee ay tubules convoluted of kelyaha. Sababo la heshiis ah isku midka ah ee microvilli ee xuubka hoose oo strips epithelium iyo burush kelyaha xadka xiidmaha loo sameeyay, taasoo loo arki karaa microscope ah indhaha ka yar. Intaa waxaa dheer, microvilli ah ee goobahaasi ku jira tiro ka mid ah ensaymes.

kala soocidda

Features of dhismeedka unugyada epithelial goobo kala duwan noo oggolaan in ay iyaga kala saaro dhowr arimood.

Iyada oo ku xidhan qaab reer unugyada epithelium wuxuu noqon karaa cylindrical, cubic, oo guri, oo ku xiran meesha uu unugyada - hal lakab oo multilayer.

Sidoo kale qarsan epithelium ah u jilacsan, waxaa lagu qabtaa shaqada secretory ee jirka.

A epithelium-hal lakab

Magaca lakabka hal epithelium iska hadlaayo, waayo, waa unugyada oo dhan ku yaalaan on xuub qaybta hoose ee hal daaha ka. Haddii qaabka unugyada oo dhan waa isku mid (E. ie. Waxay isomorphic yihiin) iyo nuclei cell waa heer la mid ah, yidhaahdo oo ku saabsan epithelia isku xigta hal. Haddii unugyada epithelium monolayer arkay iskhilaafka of qaabab kala duwan, nuclei ay ku yaalaan heerar kala duwan, waxaa anizomorfny ama epithelium pseudostratified.

epithelium heerarka

In epithelium multilayered kaliya lakabka hoose xiriir la xuub dhulka hoostiisa iyo layers kale oo ku yaalla waxaa ku xusan. Qaabka uu leeyahay unugyada layers kala duwan way kala duwan yihiin. Dhismaha unugyada epithelial noocan ah oo u ogolaanaya in ay doortaan dhawr nooc oo epithelium multilayered ku xiran tahay qaabka iyo xaalad ka mid ah lakabka sare ee unugyada: keratinizing a multilayer guri multilayered (qolfo keratinized laga heli karaa dusha sare), neorogovevayuschy multi.

Waxaa jira wax-u epithelium KMG ah lasoo xubnaha of nidaamka excretory. Iyada oo ku xidhan haddii jidhkaaga waa la dhimay ama fidiyey, dhar uu noqdo qaab ka duwan. Sayidka, khafiifiya of epithelium waa xaalad si ay u sameeyaan laba lakab oo unugyada siligga kaadi - asalka iyo cover. Oo markuu kaadi la cadaadiyo (waxaysidoo) unugyada foomka epithelial u xuub adkaanayo, unugyada lakabka asalka waa polymorphs iyo nuclei ay yihiin heerar kala duwan. unugyada Coverslips helaan qaab pear ah, waxaana la dahaaray on kasta oo kale.

kala soocidda Gistogeneticheskaja of epithelia

Dhismaha unugyada epithelial xayawaanka iyo bini'aadanka oo inta badan ku xiran yahay ee cilmi baarista daawada iyo sayniska. Xaaladahan, kala soocidda isticmaalka gistogenetichekuyu inta badan ay diyaariyeen N. academician G. Hlopinym. Sida laga soo xigtay, waxa uu, shan nooc oo epithelium. Faraj waa xaqiiqda ah waxa ugu horreeya oo soo koraya unugyada inta lagu guda jiro embryogenesis.

1. Nooca Epidermal, bilowga ayaa la siiyey ectoderm iyo saxan prechordal.

2. Nooca Enterodermalny, horumarinta taas oo ay sabab u ahayd endoderm xiidmaha.

3. Tselonefrodermalny nooca, laga soo dahaarka coelomic iyo nephrotomy.

4. nooca Angiodermalny, horumarinta oo bilaabay ka qayb ka mid ah mesenchyme ah, la xirrira endothelium ku vascular, oo la yidhaahdo angioblasts.

5. Nooca Ependimoglialny, taas oo bilaabay siiyey tuubada neural.

Features of dhismeedka unugyada la xirrira qanjidhada epithelial

epithelium jilacsan u qabata shaqo secretory. Noocan ah dhar waa a collection of unugyada jilacsan (secretory) yeedhay granulocytter. Shaqadooda waa in ay hirgeliyaan ka ereygu iyo go'doon ah ee walxaha gaar ah - qarsoon.

Waxaa sabab u ah dheecaan ah ee jidhku waa ay awoodaan in ay qabtaan hawlo badan oo muhiim ah. Qanjidhada qarsan qarsoon on maqaarka iyo xub-axaleedka, gudaha godadka of tiro ka mid ah xubnaha gudaha, iyo sidoo kale in dhiigga iyo dheecaanka. Xaaladda hore, waxaynu ahaan lahayn kuwa exocrine ah, iyo tan labaad - qanjidhada hormoonada jidhka ah.

dheecaan Exocrine u ogolaanaya in ay soo saaraan caano (jidhka dumarka), gastric iyo miirka xiidmaha, candhuufta, bile, dhididka iyo sebum. Secrets of qanjidhada hormoonada jidhka yihiin hoormoonada qabtaan xeerka humoral ee jirka.

Dhismaha noocan ah unugyada epithelial waxaa laga yaabaa kala duwan ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in granulocytter qaadan kartaa qaabab kala duwan. Tani waxay ku xiran tahay marxaladda dheecaan ah.

Labada nooc ee qanjidhada (hormoonada jidhka iyo exocrine) ka kooban laga yaabaa in mid ka mid gacanta (cell hal) ama hannaanka ka mid ah unugyada (multicellular).