Fraunhofer diffraction. Falanqaynta Spectral ee hirarka iftiinka electromagnetic

Diffraction - go'an qaar ka mid ah ifafaale yimaadda marka wadida dhexdhexaad ah ee hirarka iftiinka iyo wax isdaba marin loogu dhawaaqaa (godad yar yar, screens Doolaal, iwm). Waxay ku xiran yihiin la weecasho ka mabaadi'da optics joomatari. nuxurka fikradda taasi waxay u taallaa in awoodda ay gacnta shucaaca electromagnetic agagaarka caqabado kasta. Fraunhofer optics diffraction uu qiimo wax ku ool ah si xooga weyn yahay diffraction ifafaale Frenkel.

Sababo la this hantida, la ruxruxo electromagnetic dogob, foorarsiga agagaarka caqabado si aad u hesho wax-u hooska joomatari oo dhex gelin godka yar-dhexroorka. Gudbinta iyaga, hirarka jabsada galay qaybaha, taas oo fureysaa fursado waxbarasho iyo falanqaynta spectral ee dabiiciga ah ee waxbarashada iftiinka. Sayidka Fraunhofer diffraction ku lug godad size ku habboon Milanello.

Tani waxay ifafaale ayaa sidoo kale waxaa lagu sharaxi karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo Huygens 'mabda' - Frenkel. Waxa loo isticmaalaa si ay u xaliyaan dhibaatooyinka qaarkood ee la xiriira cilmibaarisyadii maanta duurka ku of qaybinta ee adag iyo qaybinta light in deegaanno kala duwan oo leh caqabado. helitaanka ifafaale diffraction waqtiga ahaa cadaymaha muhiimka ah ee dabeecadda la ruxruxo iftiinka. Fikradda ugu horeysay taranta of this ifafaale iska leh jirka Faransiiska Frenkel. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, postulates ay weli yihiin inta badan afka baarkiisa.

A diffraction Fraunhofer iyo waa dhaqan la taaban karo, taas oo ah isha ugu iftiinka la dhigayaa in diiradda siku. Waxaa looma baahna haddii isha waa laser ah sida shanqarta dogob isku midka ah ee shucaaca. Fraunhofer diffraction dhacdaa on caqabad kasta oo qarka u saaran in Jidka rays iftiin marayay siku. Rinjiyeynta ee ifafaale ah indhaha lagu arkay diyaarad focal of gashto kale yeellay caqabad ku ah.

Laakiin fudud si ay u xisaabiso iyo aad u muhiim u ah kiiska optics la taaban karo waa diffraction Fraunhofer ee dillaac hal qaab cross-qaybta dheer. Xaaladdan oo kale, dhacdo godka la ruxruxo diyaarad monochromatic ah. beerta Light ka baxsan dillaac ay u dhisan tahay si waafaqsan mabda'a Huygens 'oo ay sabab u sare faragelinta isku xidhan la ruxruxo. All hirarka noocan ah oo ka socda qaybaha kala duwan ee hore ee la ruxruxo iman. feature ugu weyn ee hannaankii diffraction waa in hirarka sare timaada strip wavefront, laabma kadib markii caqabad ka soo gudbeen, u sameeyaan hal ruxruxo ahaan cylindrical kuwaas oo dhidibka u adeegtaa sida guutadii.

Habku diffraction kiiskan waa iskhilaafka ah meelaha iftiinka iyo mugdiga lagu gartaa joogitaanka bar dhalaalaysa xarunta, halkaas oo zone hooskii joomatari. Lagu gartaa xaqiiqada ah in sawirka la midab doonaa iftiinka cad. band Central, markaas waxaa jiri doona dhalaalaysa, iyo kuwa kale oo midba doonaa midab ka guduudan oo cas. diffraction Fraunhofer in farqiga u abuuraa image a isku darsamay of isha iftiin, kaas oo la qaybiyey oo nabrahoodii madow. Habku diffraction on godad yar siinayaa nidaam goobo la bar madow ee xarunta of Poisson ah. xariijimo Light dhaca shaashadda waxaa lagu magacaabaa danbow diffraction ah, oo mugdi ah - ugu yaraan.

Arrin ku diffraction waxaa loo isticmaalaa si sax ah u cabbira ah wavelengths iftiinka. Sidoo kale, waxaa la tixgeliyo in design ah ee kala duwan ee qalabka indhaha, tan iyo this ifafaale soo rogay qaar ka mid ah xayiraad ay xal.