Waxbarashada of Ukraine dowlad ahaan, taariikhda iyo taariikhda. Markii aan sameeyay Ukraine dowlad ahaan?

Ukraine - dalka ugu weyn ee Europe. Inkastoo taariidhyahanadu qaar ka mid ah ayaa ku dooday in dalka waa ku dhashay ee dhaqanka reer yurub oo uu jiray qarniyo fara badan, ma aha. Waxbarashada of Ukraine dowlad ahaan dhab ahaan u dhacay 23 sano ka hor. Tani waa dal yar oo la kaliya waxbarashada in ay ku noolaadaan on iyaga u gaar ah, oo aan wax taageero ah. Dabcan, Ukraine ay leedahay taariikh dheer, laakiin weli ma jiraan wax ku sheegi maayo ee dalka sida gobolka buuxa fuliya. In deegaanka this hal mar ku noolaa Scythians, Sarmatians, dadyowga Turkic, Russia qadiimiga ah, Cossacks. Waxaa oo dhan bartey saameeyeen horumarinta dalka.

taariikhda qadiimiga ah

Si aad ula bilowdo, erayga "Ukraine" waxaa lagu turjumay ka hab Ruush jir "xaafad", taas oo ah in ninna ee xuduuda dalka. meelaha Kuwani waxa loo yaqaan "Wild Field". Xusuuso hore ee Badda Madow deel taariikhaysan VII BC qarnigii, markaa waxay ahayd in Scythians halkaas degeen. Ee Axdiga Hore, ay ku tilmaamay dadka reer guuraaga arxan iyo naxariis lahayn. In 339 BC. e. Scythians looga adkaaday dagaal la Filippom Makedonskim, waxa uu ahaa bilowgii ay dhamaadka.

Waayo, afar qarniyo, gobolka Badda Madow ku jiray gacanta of Sarmatian ah. Kuwan waxaa la xiriira qabiilooyinka reer guuraaga ah, kuwaas oo u guuray gobolka Volga Hoose. In BC II qarnigii. e. Sarmatian riixay dadka Turkic. Qarnigii VII on bangiyada of Slavs Dnieper ku bilaabay si ay u degaan, oo wakhtigaas odhan jiray Rusich. Taasi waa sababta ay dalka u degan la odhan jiray Kievan rus. Qaar ka mid ah cilmi ku doodaya in formation of Ukraine dowlad ahaan jiray 1187. Tani ma aha oo gebi ahaanba run. Oo wakhtigaas, u muuqday oo kaliya muddada 'Ukraine' ah, waxa looga jeedaa, in aan kale oo aan ahayn duleedka ee Kiev Russia.

Tatar fuliyeen

Isla mar, dalalka Ukraine casriga ah waxaa la soo dersay weerarada of Crimean tataarka. Rusichi isku dayeen in ay ka adkaadaan hodan, ciidda bacrin ah ee Steppe weyn, laakiin dhac joogto ah iyo dil aan la oggol yahay in la keeno qorshaha si ay u dhammaadka. Waayo, qarniyo badan, tataarka waxay ahaayeen khatar weyn ku Slavs ah. meelaha ballaaran ku hadhay cidlay sabab kaliya in ay yihiin dhinac la Crimean ah. Tatar laleh qaadeen waayo, waxay lahaayeen in ay bartey sii dhaqaalaha u gaar ah. Waxay ku hawlan yihiin in xoolaha dhaqmaadka ah, laakiin ma aysan faa'iido badan ma siin. Tataarka dhacay deriska ah Slavs ah, ayaa loo qaaday maxbuus by dadka dhallinyarada ah oo caafimaad leh, oo addoommo ka dibna diyaar u ah inay soo saarka Turkish kala beddelashada. In badan oo ka jabsata Tatar gaaray Volyn, gobolka Kyiv iyo Galicia.

dejinta ee dhul beerashada

Beeralayda iyo dadka dhulka leh ay ka war hayaan waxa faa'iidada laga dheefay karaa meelaha free bacrin ah. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in uu jiray ay khatar ku tahay weeraraan tataarka, steppe hodan habboon, degsiimooyinka dhisay, sidaas qurxiyey yaroow uu. At dadka dhulka lahaa ay ciidan u gaar ah, si ay u ilaaliyaan nidaamka iyo anshaxa ee dhulalka ay ka taliyaan. Waxay bixiyaan beeraleyda ee isticmaalka dhulka, iyo in soo laabashada dalbaday bixinta Abaal Marintooda Sugan. Hadhuudh keenay Xoolo cayinnayn in dirqina Polish. The ugu caansan ahaayeen Koretsky, Potocki, Vishnevetskaya, Konetspolskogo. Iyadoo Slavs ku uray, beeraha, Poles ku noolaa oo daarahooda qurqurxoonna, dabaasha Xoolo.

muddo Cossacks

In Cossacks xorriyadda-jecel ku bilaabay si ay u degaan ee deel free at dhammaadkii qarnigii XV ah, mararka qaarkood ay simbiriirixan maanka abuurista gobolka. Ukraine waxay noqon kartaa marsada ah tuugag iyo dawarsadeen, maxaa yeelay, waxay asal ahaan deggan yahay aagga. Oo ku taalla daafaha cidla ah dadka soo socda, kuwaas oo doonaya in ay noqon lacag la'aan ah, si bulk of Cossacks waxay ahaayeen beertiisa, ka Sidukiinta addoonsiga carareen. Sidoo kale, halkan u timid shacabka iyo wadaaddadii defrocked, iyaga oo raadinaya nolol ka wanaagsan. Ka mid ah Cossacks waxay ahaayeen dadka reer sharaf leh asal ahaan, waxay inta badan raadinaysaa tacabur iyo, dabcan, Xoolo.

Gang koobnaa rus, oo polish, Belarusians iyo xataa tataarka qaaday gabi ahaanba qof kasta. Markii hore, waxa jiray baandada burcad hubeysan ugu caadiga ah in boobay ee tataarka iyo Turki oo la xaday noolaa. Waqti ka, waxay bilaabeen inay dhisaan argaggixiyaan - oo ah xerada deyr leh, taas oo had iyo jeer waa on millaterigu waajib. Waxaa ay ka ilaalinta laabtay.

taariikhyahanadu Qaar ka mid ah waxay aaminsan yihiin in ay 1552-th - sano ah ee formation of Ukraine dowlad ahaan. Dhab ahaantii, waqtigan waxaa jiray caanka Zaporizhzhya Sich, taas oo ah han Yukrayn ah. Laakiin iyadu ma ahaa noocooda ee gobolka casriga ah. In 1552, Cossacks waa la mideeyey baandooyinka, laakiin ay qalcaddii la dhisay jasiiradda of Little Khortytsya. Waxaas oo dhan ka dhigay Vishnevetskii.

Inkasta oo markii hore Cossacks waxay ahaayeen tuugo caadi ah, dhacay Turkiga ay lacagta u gaar ah, muddo ka dib, waxay bilaabeen inay difaacaan dejinta ee Slavs ka weerarrada ee tataarka ah, sii daayay isku wadanka yihiin ka maxaabiis ahaan. Turkey, xoriyadda jecel waxaa walaalaha u muuqdeen in ay ciqaab rabaani ah. Cossacks on gulls ay (dheer, doonyaha cidhiidhi) aamusnaan gadiga in xeebaha dalka cadowga, iyo si lama filaan ah ay weerar ku qalcad ah ugu xoogga badan.

State Ukraine rabay si ay u abuuraan mid ka mid ah hetmans ugu caansan - Bogdan Khmelnitsky. yaabbaa Tani waxay keentay halganka daal la ciidanka Polish, riyoodaan oo ah madax-bannaanida iyo xorriyadda oo dhan walaalihiin. Khmelnitsky fahamsan yahay in kaliya isagu ma awoodo si ay ula qabsadaan koox reer galbeedka, si uu helay sokoeye ah in qofka of Tsar Moscow ee. Dabcan, ka dib markii dhiig ee Ukraine waa in ka badan, balse ma aysan noqon oo madax banaan.

dayrta ee Saarka

ah ee Ukraine dowlad ahaan uu noqon doono in isla markiiba ka dib markii la afgembiyey carshiga guri ammaan Romanov ah. Nasiib darro, siyaasiyiinta maxalliga ah ma lahan awood ay maanka, iyo ugu muhiimsan - midnimo, inuu keeno qorshaha si ay u dhamaadka iyo inuu dalka madax banaan. On dayrta ee Kiev ee Saarka bartay March 13, 1917. Just dhawr maalmood siyaasiyiinta Ukraine ayaa abuuray Rada Dhexe, Laakiinse ay xajiyaan xoogga gacmahooda ku si ay u joojiyaan caqabado dhinaca fikirka iyo kasbay in arrimahan oo kale.

Sida ay sheegayaan wararka qaar ka mid ah, formation of Ukraine dowlad ahaan lagu qabtay on 22 November 1917. isla maalintaas, Golaha Dhexe kuna baahinayaa faafinta Universal Saddexaad, laftiisa wacdiyaya awood wayn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii aan weli go'aansaday inuu sooci oo dhan ay xiriir la leeyihiin Russia, Ukraine ayaa sababta muddo noqotay Jamhuuriyad madaxbannaan. Waxaa laga yaabaa in siyaasadda noocan oo kale ah waxay ahayd digniin xad-dhaaf ah. Laba bilood ka dib, Golaha Dhexe go'aansaday on formation of gobolka. Ukraine ayaa lagu naadiyey dalka madax-bannaan oo si buuxda u madax banaan by Russia.

Dhexgalka la Austrians iyo Jarmalka

waqti A marka waxaa jiray Ukraine ah dowlad ahaan in aan fududeyn. Sababtan awgeed, Rada Dhexe ayaa lagu qasbay in ay weydiiso taageerada iyo ilaalinta ee dalalka Yurub. February 18, 1918 waxa uu u saxiixay ka Treaty Brest-Litovsk, sida laga soo xigtay oo Ukraine ayaa la fuliyay in Europe, sahayda weyn oo cunto ah, iyo in soo laabashada heshay aqoonsi oo ka mid ah madax-bannaanida iyo taageero military.

Austrians iyo Jarmalka in muddo gaaban markii ciidamada soo galay dhulka gobolka. Nasiib darro, Ukraine aan buuxin kartaa qayb ka mid ah shuruudaha heshiiska, sidaas oo kale ayaa dhamaadka April 1918, Rada Central la kala diri. April 29 in maamulka dalka bilaabay Pavlo Skoropadsky. Waxbarashada of Ukraine dowlad ahaan inay si dadka dhib weyn ku siiyo. dhib waxay tahay in aanay jirin taliyayaal wanaagsan ee dalka, kuwaas oo awoodi doonaan in ay difaacaan madaxbannaanida dhulalka ay gacanta ku. ma socon Skoropadskyi xoog iyo sanadka. Horeba December 14, 1918, uu gadoontaan carareen ciidamada huwanta Jarmal. Ukraine ayaa lagu tuuray yeyda, dalalka Yurub aan la aqoonsan madaxbannaanida iyo ma lahayn wixii taageero.

Soo socda si ay awood ugu Bolsheviks

Bilowgii ah 20 ee qarnigii labaatanaad keenay wax badan oo murug ee Golaha Yukreeniyaan ah. Bolsheviks The abuuray nidaam gunti, in bartey joojin burburkii dhaqaalaha iyo badbaadin gobolka cusub. Ukraine ka ee loo yaqaan "shuuciyad dagaal" ayaa soo gaaray inta badan, maxaa yeelay, dhulkeeda waa il dalagyada beeraha. Weheliyay kooxo hubaysan oo ka tirsan tegey tuulooyinka iyo ciidamada hadhuudh ka soo qastaan ee la doortay. Waxay u helay in ay heer ah in la ururiyey ka guryahooda oo kibis ah oo immika la dubay. Dabcan, jawiga noocaas ah ma aha sahla in la kordhiyo wax soo saarka beeraha, beeralayda si fudud u diiday in ay ka shaqeeyaan.

dhibaatadaada oo dhan ayaa lagu daray iyo abaarta. abaar ee 1921-1922 oo galaafatay nolosha boqolaal kun oo Ukraine. Dowladda si cad u fahamsan yahay in hab karooto sii isticmaali shaqayn karto. Sidaa darteed, sharciga waxaa loo maray Nép ah (Policy Dhaqaalaha New). Thanks isaga u, sida ugu horreysa ee 1927, 10% kordhay dhulka la beero. In muddo this dhiso dowlad la joogo. Ukraine aamusnaan iska ilaawaan jahli dagaal sokeeye, abaar, qixin. Ukraine ayaa u ladnaanta guriga ku soo laabtay, waxayna ku bilaabatay ka badan dambi si loo daaweeyo Bolsheviks ah.

Voluntary-khasabka galo USSR

Dhamaadkii 1922 ee Moscow ku fikiray of union of Russia, Belarus iyo Jamhuuriyadda Transcaucasian si loo abuuro xiriir ka xasilloon. Ilaa wakhtigaas, markii la aasaasay Ukraine dowlad ahaan, waxa uu ahaa qaar ka mid ah toddobadii sano ee. December 30, 1922 wakiillo ka dhan Jamhuuriyadda Soviet ansixiyay qorshe lagu milmaan, sidaas waxaa la abuuray USSR.

In aragtida, mid ka mid ah Jamhuuriyadda ku lahaa xaq u leedahay inaad ka baxdo ururka, laakiin in uu si aad u hesho ogolaanshaha ee xisbiga shuuciga ah. In dhaqanka, si ay u gaaraan madax banaani wuxuu ahaa mid aad u adag. Xisbiga ayaa la isugu keeno iyo ka gacanta ku Moscow. Ukraine meesha ugu weyn ka mid ah dalalka oo dhan kaalinta labaad. Caasimadda ah, ayaa loo doortay magaalada Kharkov. Ka jawaabaya su'aal ku saabsan markii la aasaasay Ukraine dowlad ahaan, waa in la ogaadaa 20-sano ee qarnigii labaatanaad, maxaa yeelay, in marka dalka helay xuduudaha dhuleed iyo mid maamul.

Cusbooneysiinta iyo horumarinta ee dalka

Qorshaha ugu horeeya ee shan sano ah ayaa nolosha ku neefsaday galay Ukraine. Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan, waxaa jiray 400 oo ganacsiyo cusub ee dalka lagu tiriyaa ku saabsan 20% ka mid ah maalgelinta oo dhan. In 1932, geedka xireenada xoogga la dhisay, Dnipropetrovsk, waxa ay noqotay wakhtigaas ugu weyn ee Europe. Thanks to shaqo ee shaqaalaha u muuqday Kharkov cagaf Plant, Zaporozhye Iron iyo Steel Works, warshado badan Donbass. In muddo gaaban u soo saaray tiro aad u badan oo ah isbadal dhaqaale. Si loo hagaajiyo anshaxa iyo kor u qaadista heerka lagu soo bandhigay tartanka hirgelinta hore ee qorshaha. Dowladda ayaa la siiyaa shaqaalaha ugu fiican oo u yeelaan horyaalka ee Hero of Socialist Labour.

Ukraine inta lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee dunida

In muddada 1941-1945. Malaayiin qof ayaa ku dhintay dalka. Inta badan Ukraine diriray garab Midowga Soofiyeeti, laakiin ma aha mid khuseeya Ukraine Galbeed. In deegaanka this Dadwaynaha niyadda qaarkood. Sida ay u kala qaybsanaayeen Xarakada oun ee SS "Galicia", waxaa la filayey inay ka madax banaan Moscow, Ukraine. Taariikhda formation of state noqon lahaa gabi ahaanba ka duwan haddii Jarmalka ayaa weli ku guuleystay. Xaqiiqada ah in Jarmalka lagu soo bandhigi lahaa madaxbanaanida Ukraine ee, adag in la aamino, laakiin dhammaan ballamadii isku waxay ku guulaysteen inay ka badiyeen qaar ka mid ah 220,000 Ukraine. Xitaa ka dib markii dagaalka, kuwaas oo kooxo hubeysan ayaa sii waday in ay ka jiraan.

Life ka dib markii Stalin

dhimashada hoggaamiyaha Soofiyeeti ayaa waxaa la keenay nolosha cusub ee malaayiin qof oo ku nool Midowga Soofiyeeti. Waxa uu noqday taliyaha cusub Nikita Khrushchev, oo la si dhow u la xiriira Ukraine iyo, dabcan, patronized iyada. Inta lagu guda jiro boqornimadiisa, ay gaartay heer cusub oo horumarineed. Waa in Khrushchev mahad lahaa in ay xubin ka saarney Crimean ee Ukraine. Sida gobolka kacay, waa arrin kale, laakiin in xuduudaha ay maamul-dhuleed, waxaa la sameeyay ee Midowga Soofiyeeti.

Markaasuu wuxuu u yimid in ay awoodda Leonid Brezhnev, sidoo kale hooyo a of Ukraine. Ka dib markii boqortooyadii gaaban Andropov iyo Chernenko ee xilka ahaa Mikhail Gorbachev. Waxa uu ahaa kii ay go'aansadeen in ay si qoto dheer beddelo dhaqaalaha fadhiya iyo nidaamka Soviet oo dhan. Gorbachev lahaa in ay ka gudbaan qiimaynta bulshada iyo xisbiga. Gorbachev ayaa had iyo jeer ku baaqay in hufnaanta iyo isku dayaya in ay u dhaw in ay dadka. Dadka ayaa bilaabay in ay dareemaan in istareexsan, hase ahaatee xitaa ka yar Gorbachev Communists in si buuxda gacanta ciidanka, booliska, beeraha, warshadaha, KGB socdo warbaahinta.

madaxbanaanida

Date of formation of Ukraine dowlad ahaan la og yahay in oo dhan - waa 24 August 1991. Laakiin waxa ka hormarey dhacdadan la taaban karo? March 17, 1991 lagu qabtay baadhitaan kaas oo si cad u: Ukraine kama soo horjeedaan xukunka, muhiimsan, in aan la danbe sii xumaatay xaaladda ay ku nool. Communists isku dayay jid kasta oo suurto gal ah in hayn awood gacmahooda, laakiin waxaa la rogrogo dhexdeeda Godoo kale iyaga ka.

August 19, 1991 go'doonsan reactionaries ku Mihaila Gorbacheva ee Crimean ah, oo intay isku soo Moscow isku dayay inuu soo qabto hindisaha, isagoo odhanaya, xaalad degdeg ah oo la sameeyay Guddiga Gurmadka. Laakiin waxba ka yimid Communists ah. August 24, 1991, marka waxaa jiray Ukraine ah dowlad ahaan, Rada Verkhovna dhawaaqi madaxbanaanida dalka ee. Laakiin 5 maalmood ka dib waxqabad ee xisbiga shuuciga la mamnuucay by Baarlamaanka. 1 December ee isla sannadkaas, Ukraine ee aftida taageereen Xeerka of Independence iyo doortay ay Madaxweynaha ugu horeysay - Leonid Kravchuk.

Muddo sanado ah, waxa ay keentay in formation of Ukraine dowlad ahaan. Map of wadanka inta badan ka bedelay. meelo badan ayaa LABAGEEDI OO in Midowga Soofiyeeti, waxa ay ku saabsan tahay Ukraine galbeedka, qayb ka mid ah Oblast Odessa iyo Crimea. Ujeedada ugu weyn waa ilaalinta ee xuduudaha casriga Yukreeniyaan maamul-gobolleed. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa suuragal ah keliya ku adag tahay. Sidaas darteed, Madaxweynaha saddexaad ee Ukraine Victor Yushchenko 2009 siiyey qayb ka mid Romanian ah continental shelf. Iyo in 2014, Ukraine ayaa laga badiyay, iyo luul - saarney Crimean, kuwaas oo u dhaqaaqay Russia. Doona dalka in ay sii dhulkooda dhawrsan iyo sii madax banaan, mar kaliya sheegi doonaa.