"Armenia" (Markabka). musiibo ee qarniga 20aad

"Armenia" - markabka, oo taasuna waa dhimashada ee muddo dheer xoog ku qarinaya. About kun qof ayaa ku dhintay on board inta lagu guda jiro weerar Jarmal on Sevastopol. November 7, 1941, maalin ka mid ah dabaaldega on Red Square, waxaa jiray musiibadan laga cabsado. At xeebta koonfureed ee Crimean ah u tageen inay hoose ee ah "Armenia" - markabka, oo waxaa loo tixgeliyaa mid ka mid ah maraakiibta ugu fiican ee Badda Madow Fleet. Masiibadan aan la ogol yahay wax lagu sheegay warbixinta. lagu tilmaamay oo keliya sida "qarsoon top" ayaa laga duubay 1989 la daabacay buugga by Dadka Commissariat ee Navy USSR ah, taas oo uu sheegay in ku saabsan musiibadan. Waxaa jiray si faahfaahsan no - kaliya ku Tolosnaada sheegay wadataa iyo burburinta maraakiibta dagaalka iyo weelashii, oo ay ku jiraan markabka oo xiiso leh noo.

Astaamaha u gaarka ah markabka "Armenia"

Markab motor ayaa loogu talagalay by injineerada hoos jihada of J. Koperzhinskogo, oo madax naqshadeeye. Bishii November 1928, waxaa la bilaabay. Markab Tani waxa ay ahayd mid ka mid ah lix markab oo top rakaabka in usoo Badda Madow. kala duwan oo ka saaciday inay of "Armenia" wuxuu ahaa 4,600 miles. "Armenia" - markabka, kaas oo qaadan karaan 518 rakaab ah ee weliba qolalkii hoose fasalka, 317 rakaab ah sagxad iyo 125 "fadhiga" iyo miisaanka ah ilaa 1 kun oo metric .. Xaaladdan oo kale, markabka ay gaari karaan xawaare ka mid ah 27 km / h. Lix ka mid ah maraakiibta ugu fiican (marka laga reebo "Armenia", waxaa ka mid ahaa "Abkhazia", "Ukraine", "Adjara", "Georgia" iyo "Crimea") bilaabay adeegaya line Odessa - Batumi - Odessa. weelashan ayaa gaadiid kun oo rakaab ah ilaa 1941

Markab motor ayaa waxa uu noqonayaa doon nadaafada iyo gaadiidka

"Armenia" la bilowgii dagaalka haddiiba dhisay doonnida caafi gaadiidka. qolka Sigaarka waxaa lagu beddelay farmashiye, maqaayado beddelaa Duubista iyo ka hawlgala jifsadan dheeraad ah lagu sameeyey weliba qolalkii hoose. Plaushevsky Vladimir Yakovlevich, kuwaas oo mar ahaa 39 sano jir, ayaa loo magacaabay kabtanka. XO noqday Znayunenko Nikolai Fadeevich. shaqaale ah "Armenia" ka koobnayd 96 qof, oo 75 kalkaalisooyinka, 29 kalkaalisada caafimaadka iyo takhtarka 9. Dmitrievskiy Petr Andreevich, dhakhtar oo madax ka ah magaalada Hospital Railway Odessa, kaas oo si fiican u yaqaan in ay dad badan oo magaaladan, wuxuu noqday madaxa shaqaalaha caafimaadka. On sagxad ah oo ku saabsan dhinac waxaa ka joogay, iskutallaabtiisana cas oo dhalaalaya, si cad u arki karo hawada. calanka cad weyn oo leh image ah ee Laanqeyrta Cas ayaa la sara kiciyey on daqal ugu weyn.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qiyaastaas oo kale ma badbaadin maraakiibta isbitaalka. Aviation Goering tan iyo wakhtigii aad koowaad ee dagaalka ka soo weerar iyaga ku qaadeen. Ambulance "Anton Chekhov" iyo "Kotovsky" waxyeeleeyeen ee July 1941. A "Adjara", weerar iyo qarxiyay quusto in holaca, dhacno horteeda oo dhan of Odessa. Masiirka isku dhacay bishii August iyo "Kuban".

The mudnaanta "Armenia"

Ciidanka Cas, oo tuujiyey by cadowga, khasaare culus oo dagaalka kululayd. Waxaa sidaas oo dad badan oo dhaawac. On guddiga "Armenia" oo dhan-weather habeen iyo maalinba kalkaaliyayaasha shaqeeyay. Markabka 15 ayaa ka go'an duulimaadyo cajiib ah u adag oo khatar ah oo dhaawac ah. "Armenia" ayaa gaadiid ah oo ku saabsan 16 kun oo Askari., Aan ay ka mid yihiin dadka waayeelka ah, haweenka iyo carruurta lagu meeleeyo ee weliba qolalkii hoose ee markabka.

Kaasi waa taariikhda kooban ee doonnida "Armenia".

weel ilaalinta

Waxaa weli wax badan oo ka mid ah wax qarsoon in xaaladaha dhimashada ee doonnida. The "Chronicle ee Patriotic War weyn ...", kuwa dhigooda ah ee 1989, ayaa sheegay in markabka "Armenia" (photo kor ku qoran), "Kuban", iyo sidoo kale markabka tababarka "Dnepr" ka Odessa duulaya la baabbi'iyuhu waa "si arxan". Dabcan, tani waxay ka weerarada diyaaradaha Jarmal badbaadiyay maraakiibta.

Manstein la Army 2aad waxaa si degdeg ah horumarinta ee Crimean ah. amarka Badda Madow Fleet uunan diyaar u ahayn weerarkan. Ka hor dagaalka, jimicsiga Navy ayaa ku koobnayn oo kaliya in ay ololaha milatari iyo "baabba '" weerar amphibious. mid ka mid No rogmato laga yaabaa in Sevastopol yeelan doonaan in ay difaacaan ka dalka.

Gaadiidka dadka deegaanka ku dhaawacmeen oo daadgureeyay

Jarmalka ayaa si deg deg ah gacanta ku dhammaan waddooyinka dalka. Dadka rayidka ah ee Jasiiradda (qiyaastii 1 milyan oo doolar) waxaa ku xayiran. Ciidamada tababaran ayaa ka soo horjeeda Hitler qaybo kala duwan oo ka tirsan ciidamada Cas. Iyagu ma ay siin Ruush fursad weyn in ay ku guuleystaan. Dadka deegaanka ee Jasiiradda Crimean in bilowga November 1941 bilaabay inuu ballaaran isaga tago. In magaalo iyo hab ciidamada Nazi bilaabay in ay argagixin. Dadka ahaayeen halgan dhabta ah ee dalka gaadiidka kasta.

On waddooyinka Sevastopol ee October iyo November 1941, wareer boqor ku ahaa. Laga soo bilaabo magaalada daad gureeyay in suurto gal ah oo dhan. Hospitals, qalabaysan ee Sevastopol iyo balbalooyinkii ku ahaayeen ka buuxa oo dhaawac ah, laakiin qof amar ku qaxidda degdeg ah ka mid ah shaqaalaha oo dhan caafimaad. Durba maanta, dhowaanin magaalada ka furmo suuqa bas ama tareen degaanka Inkerman aad dareemi doonto dhagxaanka weyn iyo taallooyin burbur ah dhagaxyo. Waxa qarxay isbitaalada ku yiil balbalooyinkii ku. Kaliya dhaawac fudud ayaa laga daadgureeyay halkaas ka maraakiibta on amar Stalin ee. E. Nikolayeva, kalkaaliye caafimaad ee isbitaalka waxay muujinaysaa tunnel in la "aan transportable" dharbaaxo in dhaawaca aan helay in cadowgu ku. Wakiilka SMERSH keentay engeeg ah. Laba dhakhtar ayaa diiday in ay ka guuraan. Waxay la dilay ay la socdaan oo dhaawac ah.

FS Oktyabrsky, ku-xigeenka Admiral Black Sea Fleet, waxaa si joogto ah la qabtaa laftiisa at baabbi'iyuhu "dhiirranow". Waxa uu ka soo hawlaha la xidhiidha ilaalinta isbitaalka iyo rakaabka weelasha iyo formation of kolonyo marka gudbaya badda iska weligood. Oktyabrsky loo arkaa in arrimahan waa in lagu xallin maamulayaasha raxan rayidka ah. Tani waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah sababaha ay ku ugu hooseysa ee Black Sea ee soo baxay dad badan oo ka mid ah maraakiibta rakaabka ugu wanaagsan dadka ku jira.

duruufaha ilaa masiibada dhacday

Sida laga soo xigtay maragga markhaatiyaal iyo waraaqaha laga helay waxa uu ahaa awoodaan in ay soo celin dhacdooyinka oo horreeyey markab shiraaqiina "Armenia" November 6, 1941 Markab ahaa ee waddooyinka hoose. "Armenia" haddiiba qaaday badan oo sun iyo dad rayid ah oo dhaawac ah. Xaaladda on markabka ahaa mid aad u habdhiska. in cirka laga duqeeyo Jarmal bilaaban karo waqti kasta. Inta badan oo ka mid ah maraakiibta dagaalka ee Badda Madow Fleet baxay badda on amarka of October ee, ay ka mid yihiin markab ah "Molotov" halkaas oo radar markabka waa saldhigga kaliya ee Navy "Redoubt-K."

In Karantiinka Baay, laakiin "Armenia", xamuulka markabka "Bialystok". "Crimea" qaadeen dadka iyo qalabka at dabanayaan Morzavoda. loading The on maraakiibta kuwaas waxaa lagu fuliyaa si joogto ah. Plaushevsky, sirkaal u ahaa "Armenia", ayaa waxaa lagu amray in ay ka Sevastopol dhoofo in 19 saacadood on 6 November. Markabka ayaa u maleeyeen inuu raaco Tuapse. Kaliya chaser a gujis yar hoos amarka PA Kulashova, Sarreeye sare, waxaa loo qoondeeyey in lagu lifaaqo.

Departure "Armenia"

Captain Plaushevsky fahamsan yahay in ay habeen mugdi ah, ku weheliyay oo keliya inay awoodaan inay bixiyaan shiraaca riverboat khiyaano ugu qabtaan oo ka weerarkii cadowgu ilaaliyo. Maxay ahaayeen xanaaq iyo yaab sirkaalkii, markii uu ku amray in ay ka baxaan magaalada ma aha fiidkii fiidkii, iyo in 17 saacadood, iyadoo ay weli ahayd nuurka. dhimashada markab caafi "Armenia" haddii ay dhacdo ka dib, waxaa jiray dhaw.

Markii uu ka tagay 17 saacadood Sebastopol, markab ku xidheen at Yalta kaliya 9 saacadood ka dib, E. t. Ku dhowaad 2 subaxnimo. Taariikhyahanadu waxay ogaadeen in jidka la helo amar cusub: si ay u tagaan Balaclava iyo soo qaado baxay shaqaalaha NKVD, shaqaalaha caafimaadka iyo dadka dhaawaca ah, sida Jarmalka ayaa sii waday in loo horumariyo.

wax soo saarka ee Yalta iyo dhimashada "Armenia"

sidaana waxa Plaushevskomu in saraakiisha NKVD, dhaqdhaqaaqa xisbiga iyo 11 isbitaalada la loading dhaawaca sugaya in Yalta. Marka Admiral FS October ayaa waxaa ogaaday in "Armenia" waa sabab ka Yalta baxay galabtii, amar uu siiyey sirkaalkii ma in ay kor u dhoofo ilaa 19 saacadood, taas oo ah, ilaa mugdi ah. Ugu yaraan, sidaas ayaa sheegay in qoraalada Admiral. October ayaa sheegay in aysan jirin wax lacag si ay u siiyaan cover for markabka si badda iyo hawada. Taliyaha ayaa lagu amray, laakiin si kastaba ha ahaatee ka soo Yalta. qarax toorbiidyo Jarmal u weeraray 11 saacadood. "Armenia" ayaa lagu hafiyo. Ka dib markii galo toorbiidyo waxaa sabbaynaya ahayd 4 daqiiqo.

Ma October hagaaji on ama 19 saacadood ka dib u dhoofo

la'aanta ah ee dukumentiyada in la Halaagay in 1949 oo markii danbe isaga siinayaa hooska. Taariikhyahanadu ma caawin kartaa, laakiin ka shakisan tahay in October ee isku dayeen in ay ka heli sano cudur daar ah ka dib markii uu musiibo ah. Laakiin waa in aan aqoonsado in uu noqdo taliyaha raxan u Admiral ogaa xaaladda masraxa dagaalka. Wuxuu ogaa in meesha markabka "Armenia" iyo waqtiga marka ay ka dhoofnay xeebaha. The October iyo ogaa in markabka this ma meeluu, hoos xukunka hawada by diyaarad Jarmal bartilmaameed kahyraadka qarax quusto iyo toorbiidyo diyaaradaha. Dhimashada markabka "Armenia" ee 1941 in ay dhacdo maalinta ka tagay waxay ahayd fududahay in saadaal wanaagsan. Sidaa darteed, waxay u badan tahay in si Habeenka in ay sugaan, weli wuxuu siiyey Plaushevskomu. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, markabka ku dhacay dhacdo qaar ka mid ah khiyaanadu in uu keeno sirkaalkii in Caasiya si this. Oo taasu waa dhimashadii kale qarsoodiga ee doonnida "Armenia".

Si aad u addeeci Plaushevsky

Aynu ku noqonno si ay u sahamiyaan dhacdooyinka. Waxaa la og yahay in si asalka siiyey odaygii Plaushevskomu ayaa si cad u diyaariyey, waayo, waa lagama maarmaan in la qaado shaqaalaha caafimaadka iyo dadka dhaawaca ah iyo in la raaco ka Sevastopol habeenkii Tuapse. Markaas, si degdeg ah ayaa lagu helay in ay si aad u badbaadiso dadka dhaawaca ah iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa xisbiga u baahan tahay in la raaco ee Yalta. Time to "Armenia" ka Sevastopol beddelmay - lahaa si ay u tagaan, waayo, 2 saacadood ka hor 17 saacadood. Si saddexaad, kaas oo lagu wareejiyay oo sirkaal ahaa, weliba wuxuu ka dhigay isaga qaado maamulka ku dhaawacmay iyo kuwa maxalliga ah, oo aan u socday Balaklava Bay. Si afraad oo Plaushevsky hore heshay subaxdii of November 7 FS October The, amray in ay ka Yalta dhoofo fiidkii, ka hor 19 saacadood. In hab la yaab leh waxa ay soo baxday in jabay. Oo sirkaalkii doon badda furan, "Armenia", kuwaas oo dhimasho noqday mid ka mid ah musiibooyin ugu weyn ee Patriotic War Great diray.

Plaushevsky shaki tiray amarka oo kaliya sababtoo ah waxa uu lahaa in ay soo gudbiyaan si ay awood kale, taas oo ahayd on board. Waxay ahayd shaqaalaha SMERSH iyo NKVD, qaaday on board. Dadka ku haray on dekedda ah, ayaa loo arkaa Plaushevsky hor amarka on saamaynta joogsan, ayaa ka carooday. Waxa uu qatarsan dhaartay oo wax fiiriyey sida bahal lagu go'doomiyay. Oo Plaushevsky ku saabsan taas oo asxaabtii la hadlay sida qof aad Marexaan iyo qabow dilaa ah. Dabcan, sirkaalkii ku hanjabay in kuwa si dhaqso ah inuu ka tago Yalta. Waxay u ballanqaadday Cadaab u diiday in ay u hoggaansamaan.

ka badbaaday

"Armenia", la daabacay ka Yalta aroor hore, oo ay la socdaan ilaaliso badda, waxaa isla markiiba soo weeraray laba toorbiidyo. Waxay ahayd aan awoodin in ay socdaan, oo 30 miles. Ka dib markii torpedoing doonnidiina waxay ku dhowaatay sabbaynaya 4 daqiiqo, ka dibna ku degtay markabka "Armenia" (1941, November 7). Keliya sideed u joogay on board u suurtagashay in ay ka baxsadaan. iyaga ka mid ah uu ahaa askari ka Burmistrov IA Bocharov iyo Foreman. Waxaan arkay dhimashada "Armenia" iyo P. A. Kulashov, Sarreeye hore iyo Taliyaha ugaadhsadaha badda. Markii uu ku soo laabtay Sevastopol, uu su'aalo waydiiyay NKVD ah muddo bil ah ka dibna la sii daayay.

search for "Armenia"

Waxaa sidaas waxay u noqotay in maps ma sheeg meesha ay markabka ku degtay, "Armenia". Meesha uu dhintay la go'aamin karaa qiyaas ahaan oo kaliya. matoorada American iyo Yukreeniyaan search ayaa sameeyey dadaal wadajir ah si loo helo hadhaagii markabka, oo ay ku jiraan isticmaalaya jiheeyaha ah, submersibles "Titanic" Billard. Waxaan baaray tiro ka mid ah meelaha lagu daadadka. nidaamka search casri ah ugu isticmaalaa 2008. Ayaa sheegay in square la baaray 27 jeer kor iyo hoos! Qiimaha duulaan ka waxa lagu qiyaasay $ 2 million. Sidaas darteed, waxaa laga dhex helay doon godan ku, doon duug ah, gacmo ka qolofka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa aan suurto gal ahayd in la ogaado lafaha ee "Armenia", oo dhererkiisu wuxuu ahaa 110 mitir.

Waxaan meesha kama saarayso karaa suurtagalnimada in markabka ay simbiriirixan Dejinaynaa dhaadhaca at moolka, halkaas oo si aad u hesho in ay aad u adag tahay. Waxaa laga yaabaa in meel uu jiro markabka "Armenia" ee hoose. Photos of goobta muujisay in dabiiciga ah ee ay gargaarka isagu meesha kama saarayo waxaa macquul ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, laga yaabaa in xaqiiqda ah in khubarada kaliya ma eegto, waayo. Oo sirkaalkii, isagoo fahamsan rajo ka mid ah xaaladda, ayaa laga yaabaa at daqiiqadii ugu danbeysay in la sameeyo go'aan in ay dib ugu guuraan Sevastopol, hoos ilaalinta diyaaradaha iyo flak saldhig ciidamada badda weyn ee. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay u badan tahay waa in Plaushevsky la raacayo amarka, kaas oo lagu saxiixay 2da by Stalin qudhiisa, la amray in ay dib ugu noqon inuu isbitaalada shaqaalaha. shayga ugu horeeya ee dokumentigan waxaa ku qornaa, in Sevastopol waa in aan siiyo Jarmalka kiis kasta. Taas macnaheedu waa in ay lagama maarmaan tahay in la raadiyo markabka ma aha in Gurzuf. Waxay u badan tahay, waa abeam of Cape Sarich, galbeedka iyo meeshii uu ka doondooneen. Boggan waxa weli aan la baaray.

Waxaan rajeynayaa, markabka "Armenia" waxaa laga heli doonaa dhakhsaha badan. 1941 nagaadi ah mid ka mid ah ugu naxdin leh ee taariikhda Sevastopol. The dhacdooyinka dagaalkii labaad ee dunida waa in la bartay in faahfaahin dheeraad ah, iyo "Armenia" kor ka hooseysa. The search of markabka "Armenia" sii.