Mariya Tereziya - Archduchess ee Austria: Biography, carruurta

Mariya Tereziya waxa uu ku dhashay on May 13, 1717 ee Vienna. Maria koray qoys jecel. Dabcan, waxaa loo darbay kaalinta uu ka lahaa inuu ka ciyaaro noloshayda. Archduchess dhallinyarada waxbarashada Austria helay, sidaas si la hadasho, qof lab. Waxay ka qayb galaan fadhiyada Golaha State tan iyo 14 sano. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa baray luqadood oo kala duwan: Faransiis, Talyaani, Latin. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ilaa iyo dhamaadka nolosha, sida muuqata, waxa uu ku hadhay lahjadda a Viennese.

Codsadayaasha Mary ee gacanta

Ka dib markii gabar uu ahaa 18, iyada waxaa guursaday, dabcan, iyada oo la tixgelinayo danaha gobolka. Dabcan, waxaa jiray tartamaya badan, Waayo, gacantii Mary, Empress mustaqbalka ee Austria. Prussian Crown Prince, mid ka mid ah kooxdii ka, oo ay taageerayaan Evgeniy Savoysky, wax qora Austria, kuwaas oo saameyn weyn quruxsan. codsadaha Warkaas loo arkaa ina sharci darrada ah ee Louis XIV, boqorka Faransiis. geesiga song Next iyo sirkaalka wax qora aan la aqoonsan yahay dhalinyarada ah ee dalkiisa. Sidaas daraaddeed wuu dhammaaday Austria iyo dalka this markii danbe keenay guul military cajiib ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Austria ayaa la door siyaasadeed waa arrin oo kala duwan. Marka aad ka fikirto sida looga hortago ka dhoofaysa in France, Lorraine, qoyska sameeyay isbahaysi la Prince Frantsem Prussian Crown ee Shtefanom ee Lorraine. Waxay ahayd qaraabo fog oo ka mid ah Bourbons iyo Habsburgs ah.

guurka Happy

Sayga of Mary sida qeyb ka lahaa inuu isu dheelli siyaasadda eryadeen by isbedelka Yurub uu duchy of Tuscany. Sidaas darteed of isbahaysiga la Theresa la dhisay Golaha Habsburg-Lorraine. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, siyaasadda ma hortago dareenka mararka qaarkood. Waxay sheegeen in ay wax yar gabar Maria dhacay jacayl la France, waxaana uu ku qaadeen jaceylka uu noloshiisa, inkastoo mararka qaar waxaa aad ugu hinaasay ninkeeda.

guurka ayaa ka dhacay 1736, on February 12. Malabka, taas oo soo taagay saddex, dhallinyarada ku bixisay in Tuscany. ka dibna waxay dib ugu soo laabtay Palace ee (Vienna). Mariya Tereziya dhab wareegay dhammaan arrimaha siyaasadda. Ninkeeda iyaga in, sida militariga, ma ahaa mid aad u xoog badan. Tusaale ahaan, in 1738, ka dib markii xilli ciyaareedkii Austria, ku dhammaaday fashil, Oo wuxuu guriga ku soo laabtay iyadoo burburka a nervous.

qoyska waaweyn

At Marii Terezii carruur badan qoyska faraxsan. Maria ayaa sheegay in marka loo eego caruurta waa kacsi, sidaas darteed ka dib dhalmada kasta oo sheegay in aanay ku filan. Oo ahaa curadkii Theresa waxa uu ku dhashay 1737 ka dib in ay ahayd dhalmada ee 1738, 1740 ... oo si ku dhow sanad kasta ilaa 1756. Marar dhif ah bareeg u dhexeeya uur ahaa laba ama saddex sano. Maria ayaa kaliya lahaa 16 carruur ah, 5 oo ka mid ah ay yihiin wiilal iyo gabdho 11. In 1756 wuxuu u dhashay wiil ugu da'da yaraa, Maximilian Franz. Sida ilmo, ayaa ku dhintay laba kaliya in ay ahaayeen kuwa maalmood oo muuqda guusha. Waxbarashada iyo barbaarinta wiilal iyo gabdhona wuu siiyaa Mariya Tereziya dareenka weyn.

carruurta iyada, ma la yaab leh, iyada oo la jecel yahay. By habka, ma aha oo kaliya u gaar ah ay - qof oo kale ayaa sidoo kale la soo qaadey iyada ku. In 1762, wax yar Mozart ah, kuwaas oo lagu casuumay inuu ka ciyaaro riwaayad jooga daarta, dareen meesha Mary, markey Mixraabka ugu soo galay iyada dhabtaada. Waxaa markii danbe waxaa laga shaabadeeyey rinjiile maxkamadda.

Dhimashada Charles VI iyo maroojin cusub ee qaddar ee Mary

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Waxaa barakaysan degan ee isqaba ayaa lagu qoray muddo gaaban. Emperor Charles VI ee 1740, ku dhintay, iyo Maryan oo ahayd waqti in 23 sano jir ah, wuxuu lahaa si ay u koraan carshiga reer Austria. Waxay hore u ahayd waqti this hooyadii saddex carruur ah, waxay ahayd uur kii afraad. Theresa hor hawsha dawladda ahayn wax fudud. Intaa waxaa dheer, ka dibna Habsburg ka mid ah, marka laga reebo Austria, Czech, South Holland, Hungary, dalka Talyaaniga.

Marka hore, maxaa yeelay, dhimashada ee Charles ma ay haysan khasaaraha ay siyaasadeed. Karl Albrecht, Elector ee Bavaria, helay taajkii, oo sano kaliya 5 ka dib, 1745, uu dhintay ka dib, oo la helo ogolaanshaha wiilkiisa, waxay Austria soo laabtay. Si adag u hadlayay, gooyo hoos magaca Franz waxaan Frants Shtefan iyo Mariya Tereziya sidaas noqday kuwa loo yaqaan Empress ahaa. Rasmi ah, iyaduba aan la caleemo saaray, laakiin go'aanka, aqoonta nin, madaxiisu waxay bilaabeen in ay nadiifiso hawlaha adag ee dawladda. Marka ugu horeysa Mary ahayd mid ku salaysan taliyayaal aabbihiis. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay u badan tahay in ay buunbuuniyaan badan hayo geesinimada Theresa loo baahan yahay in la sameeyo go'aannada ka mas'uul.

Hawlaha Frantsa Shtefana

Frants Shtefan, oo naagtiisa badiyay fasalada siyaasadda bilaabay for arrimaha dhaqaale ee Habsburgs ah, kuwaas oo, kadis ah, ma hortago isaga in uu iska noqday taajir ah. Intaa waxaa dheer in ay lacag, waxaa sidoo kale xiiseynaya sayniska. Franz ururinta macdanta. Oo isna wuxuu lahaa ururinta adag ee lacagta birta ah. Degenaanshaha xagaaga ee Schönbrunn Palace marayo dadaalka uu zoo ah waxaa la aasaasay. Waxaa jira maanta, oo waxaa loo arkaa ugu da'da weyn ee Yurub. Ayaa sidoo kale Emperor jeclaan of beeraha. Wuxuu u abuuray Eebe model beeraha guryaha ay.

Guurka caruurta iyo kaalinta uu ku leeyahay siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda

Waa in la qirtay in Mariya Tereziya marka hore aan si fiican u yaqaanna ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda. Waxay ahayd hanuuniyey arrimaha caalamiga dheeraad ah waayo-aragnimo hooyo ee carruurta iyo haweenka badan. Sidoo kale u ciyaaro arooska carruurta, Theresa intermarried la wakiilada guryaha xukun ugu muhiimsan ee Europe. Mariya Tereziya, Jack wiilal iyo gabdhona wuu siinaya in guur, xiriirka xoojinay Spain, France, Sicily, Naples, Parma. Sayidka ayay khilaaf ka socda la Boqorka Prussia abuuray sokeeye. afaf Xun ayaa bilaabay in ay u yeedhaan "in-sharciga" iyo "hooyo-ka mid ah" oo dhan of Europe.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii ay jiraan dhibaatooyin la xiriira guurka wiilal ma ahaayeen, guurka gabdhihiinna, oo dhan ma ahaa si fiican. Archduchess Maria Anna, curadkii gabadheeda, oo iska joogay sababta oo ah caafimaadka dadka saboolka ah guursan. Ku dhawaad arooska of Mary Elizabeth iyo Louis XV, boqorka Faransiis. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, aroosadda si lama filaan ah u dhacay jiran furuqa, si aan u lahaa in ay baajiso shaqaysiinta. Gabadhay Marii Terezii aan la guursaday jacayl, marka laga reebo Maria Cristina. Her doorasho ahaa Albert Duke ee Casimir.

Mariya Antuanetta - gabadha ugu yar gabdhaha Marii Terezy. Masiirka ayaa iyada diyaariyey qaddar murugo. Her guurka si Louis XVI, King of France, murugo leh ku dhamaatay iyada iyo ninkeeda, ayay hoos mindi ee guillotine ahaa. Waxay ahayd Mariya Antuanetta baray croissants Faransiis quraacda. Waxay keeneen France ay qoro. Croissants - Calaamooyinka bilaha Muslim. Waxay Austrians lagu dubo oo cunay oo calaamad u ah in uu kaga badiyeen Turki ah.

Dagaallo la tartamaya ee dhaxalka ah

Guddiga Empress adag by xaqiiqada ah in Prussia iyo Bavaria dhimashada aabbeheed ka dib ma doonayaan in ay aqoonsadaan xayiraad ku waaqiciga ah. Waxay rabeen in ay hesho qaybtooda dhaxalka. Fridrih Veliky, King of Prussia (sannadaha cimrigaaguna - 1712-1786), ka faa'iidaysanaya duruufaha adag, kala kulantay arrinta xigta in Habsburgs waxay bilaabeen inay fuliyaan hawlgallo military ee Silesia dib sannaddii dhimashada Charles VI. Oo uu dhintay ka dib, dagaal ee Succession, kaas oo ka socday 1741 in 1748 In dagaalkan, Prussia sheegtay in Silesia. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Bayern Munich iyo France ma ay xajin ilaa iyada la. Waxay Mary pestered galbeed ee dalka.

Dagaalka oo la Prussia

The cadowga ugu muhiimsan oo dhan weli Prussia. Mary lahaa in ay laba size ciidanka. Waayo, kan waxaa lagama maarmaan ahayd in ay soo rogi kartaa canshuuro dheeraad ah. Mariya Tereziya ee Austria ayaa sidoo kale ku biiray guddiga of Bohemia iyo Austria. Empress dabataagan khasaaraha ka mid ah Silesia. In 1756 waxay bilowday dagaalka kula Prussia. Ugu 7 sano dheer kala dagaalkan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa aan suurto gal ahayd in ay ku noqdaan Silesia. Qof walba waa ogaa sida badan khasaaradan soo maray Maria.

Activity Maria in siyaasadda gudaha

Waa la Mary ee Austria keentay in ay jir dil iyo cadaadis of påskkäringar. Empress waxa uu aasaasay Maxkamadda Sare. Maria, daryeelka maadooyinka ee qorista, soo bandhigay waxbarashada qasabka ah ee dhammaan. Dhammaan carruurta ka soo 6 ilaa 12 sano jir u lahaa in ay bartaan. In Vienna, weli ka shaqeeya theresianum - dugsiga, la aasaasay by Empress. Maanta Tababar diblomaasiyiinta mustaqbalka. In 1751, Maria ayaa sidoo kale furay Theresian Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt. Waxay bixisay in qalabaynta jaamacadda Vienna Medical Kuliyada fiiro gaar ah. dhismaha cusub ee jaamacadda ka yar horsed ay yimaadeen. Bixinta dareenka weyn u diblomaasiyadda, Theresa xoogaystay isbahaysi la France, Russia iyo Great Britain. All this lahaa saamaynta togan ee dhaqaalaha gobolka.

Dhimashada Francis aan

In 1765, August 18, dhintay I. Franz u sameeyey Innsbruck, halkaas oo isaga iyo xaaskiisa arooska ee Archduke Leopold, oo wiilkiisiina wuxuu yimid. Waayo, Mary, khasaaro this ahaa aad u weyn. Muddo 15 sano ah ayay mar walba soo xirtay baroor.

Guddiga la Joseph II

Ka dib geeridii xaaskiisa Maria wada Sharuucda Yuusuf II ee, wiilkiisa, kii u dhashay on March 13 1741 magaalada of Joseph noqday boqor at 24 jir. Si aad guursatay isagu kuma uu jirin nasiib: guurka waxaa lagu guulaysan, iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan carruur baa u dhalatay dhintay da 'yar ah. Xaaskiisa hore dhintay, iyo iyada dhimasho ka dib markii uu guursatay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, carruurna ma ay lahayn, oo ka guurka. Mariya Tereziya ee Austria ma la wiilkiisa hoggaanka dagaalamaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jiray shirku innaba dhex. Gaar ahaan, Joseph joojiyay sameeyo Maria siyaasadda gumeysiga. Haa, oo ay fiiriyaan aragtidooda soo horjeeda on arrimo kale.

Marii Terezii iyo dhimashada iyada xasuusta

Mariya Tereziya ku dhintay Vienna on 29 November, 1780 Waxay ahayd sano oo kaliya 63 jir. Mariya Tereziya ee Austria, kuwaas oo Biography, aad aragto, waa mid aad u xiiso badan, da'da pogruznela oo ay ku adkayd socodka. Schönbrunn, madaxtooyada, iyada u dhisay xataa wiishka gaar ah Empress ma u leeyihiin in ay jaranjaro. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maanta ma arki doono, samaynta safar qolladihii. Laakiin waxaa suurto gal ah in ay socdaan iyada oo qolalka iyo hoolalka of Schönbrunn, oo nastay in Empress xagaaga, si ay u arkaan ka farshaxanka iyo sawirada ee gabdhaheeda. In wadnaha ee Vienna waa taallo Marii Terezii. Fiiro gaar ah in ay ku noolaa waqti isku mid ah sida Empress Ruush ah Catherine Weyn.

Marii Terezii Thaler qabtay iyada sida sawirka ka 1753. dhimashada uu sii daayo ka dib markii lagu sii waday. Waxaa la cayimay sannad dhimashada Mary ee. In 1925, waxaa la sii daayay oo ku saabsan 15 million thalers. Oo ay la socdaan piastres, qadaadiic this loo qaybiyey ee Itoobiya iyo wadamada Carabta. Sidoo kale waa qadaadiic ah ganacsiga ugu weyn ee Levant ah, sidaa daraadeed waxa uu bilaabay in loogu yeedho Levantine Thaler.