Pavel Milyukov: Biography, siyaasadda, buugaag

Pavel Nikolaevich Milyukov, Biography, dhaqdhaqaaqa siyaasadeed iyo hal-abuur taas oo ku xiran yihiin ee dib u eegista, wuxuu ahaa caan ah oo wakiil ugu weyn ee liberalism Ruush ee Warega of qarniyadii 19-20th. Ayaa mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed oo camal taariikhiga ah daaha ee dareenka ah in waxa uu muujinayaa dhegyadii of xilligii waqtiga, markii dalka la kulmay tuulnaa cuslaa gudaha iyo dibadda in beddelay koorsada ee ay horumarinta on qarnigii xiga.

Qaar ka mid ah xaqiiqooyinka taariikh nololeedkooda

Pavel Milyukov waxa uu ku dhashay 1859 in Moscow. Waxa uu ka soo Bixinno qoyska ka mid ah u yimid, helay waxbarasho wanaagsan dugsiga Moscow ee. Markaas ayuu soo galay awood taariikhiga-philological of University Moscow, halkaas oo uu noqday mid xiiso badan taariikhda. macalimiinta waxay ahaayeen Vinogradov iyo Klyuchevskii. Socon inta badan ka go'an danaha saynisyahan mustaqbalka, inkastoo markii danbe ay isku khilaafeen taariikhda Russia. Sidoo kale wakhtigan uu aad u saameeyay taariikhyahan kale oo caan ah oo markii ugu su'aasha - Soloviev. Isla mar ahaantaana, Paul Miliukov noqday xiiso fikradaha of xoreynta, waayo, taasi oo markii dambe uu lahaa dhibaato booliska.

views taariikhiga ah

saameyn weyn isaga lahaa fikradda ah taariikhiga ah ee macalimiinta uu. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in xulashada theme of sha taariikhyahan mustaqbalka sayidkiisa si adag u dhaceen macallinkiisa Kliuchevsky. Pavel Milyukov ayaa sameeyay ay fikrad u gaar ah taariikhda Ruush. In fekerkiisa, horumarka la goostay by saameynta ay dhawr arrimood. Waxa uu beeniyay mabda'a kala saaridda hal mabda 'a go'aaminta-dhalan-rogga ee horumarinta geedi socodka taariikhiga ah.

Saynisyahanka lifaaqan muhiimadda ugu weyn ee arrimaha amaahda iyo aqoonsiga qaranka dadyowga. Waxa uu rumeysan yahay in horumarka caadiga ah waa suurto gal ah in macnaha guud ee wada hadal dhaqamada dalalka iyo dadyowga. Pavel Milyukov rumeysan caan taariikhda Ruush ahaa in ay doonayeen in ay gaaraan heerarka Western Yurub ee horumarinta. Cilmibaadhayaasha ayaa ku doodaya in door weyn ee horumarinta bulshada ayaa u ciyaaray gobolka. Waxa uu rumeysan yahay in inta badan waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa formation of qaab-dhismeedka bulshada iyo hay'adaha bulshada.

gumaysigii

theme Tani waxay si cad fikrad taariikheed Solovyov iyo Kliuchevskoi. Waxay siiyeen xaaladaha muhiim juquraafi nololeed ee dadka, saamaynta cimilada, biyaha on horumarinta ganacsiga iyo dhaqaalaha. Pavel Milyukov qaatay fikradda Solovyov ku saabsan halganka ku yiil kaynta iyo steppe ee taariikhda Ruush. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa uu ku saleysan yahay cilmi-baaris ugu dambeeyey ee qaddiimiga ah, horumarinta beddelo macallinkiisa siyaabo badan. saynisyahan The qayb qaatay excavations qaddiimiga ah, tegey on duulaan, marka lagu daro, wuxuu xubin ka ahaa sayniska juquraafi dabiiciga ah ee bulshada, si ay aqoonta ay ka caawisay in ay daadiyaan iftiin cusub oo ku saabsan mawduuca xiiso leh this sayniska.

Master ee sha

Milyukov, Pavel Nikolaevich ay shaqada doortay theme of dib u habaynta Butros. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, oo uu macalin u soo jeediyay in ay ka barato ansixinta Biyac Ruush woqooyi. Saynisyahanka diiday, taas oo sabab u ahayd in ay muran inta lagu guda jiro shaqo ilaalinta, kaas oo la odhan jiray "Maamulka Guud ee Russia in bilood ee hore ee qarnigii XVIII ah iyo dib u habaynta ee Petra Velikogo." In waxa, uu ku dooday fikradda ah in ashtakooday boqorka ugu horeysay degna qaatay shuqulkiisa badalka, iyada oo aan qorshe kasta oo ula kac ah. Sida laga soo xigtay cilmibaadhaha, dib u habaynta ahaayeen Yeedhiyaa by baahida dagaalka. Intaa waxaa dheer, Milyukov Pavel Nikolaevich rumeysan yahay in uu isbadal galay qeybaha guud go'aamiyo baahida loo qabo in qiimeeyaha iyo dib u habaynta dhaqaalaha. Waayo, shaqo this, xubnaha Golaha Waxbarashada isla markiiba ku meelayn lahaa musharaxa doctorate ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka soo horjeeda go'aanka Klyuchevskii, taas oo keentay in dillaac ah ee ay saaxiibtinimo.

safrida

Of muhiimadda weyn ee formation sida taariikhyahan ah Miliukov ciyaaray qeyb ka guutadii archeological. Waxa uu u safray Bulgaria, halkaas oo uu baray taariikhda iyo waxaa sidoo kale ku lug kabxidda. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa uu macalin ee Chicago, Boston, qaar ka mid ah magaalooyinka Yurub. Waxa uu sidoo kale baray in ay hay'adaha waxbarashada Moscow, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waayo ka qeyb qaadanaya wareegyada deeqsi ah jagooyinka laga badiyay. In 1904-1905 uu si firfircoon uga qayb dhaqdhaqaaqa bulshada, tusaale ahaan, wuxuu ka qayb qaatay shirka Paris waa ururka "Midowga Xoreynta", "Midowga Ururrada" ee dalalka Yurub. Noocan oo kale ah booska dhaqan-siyaasadeed firfircoon qeexay by xaqiiqada ah in uu hogaaminayo xisbiga, marka Duma State waxay ku sii dhisnaatay Russia.

khibradiisa siyaasadeed in sanadaha 1905-1917

Milyukov Pavel Nikolaevich, oo amiir u ahaa xisbiga arday ah, ayaa noqday mid ka mid ah siyaasiyiinta ugu caansan ee Zaman. Wuxuu qabtay a views dhexdhexaad deeqsi ah, oo rumaystay in Russia waa in ay ahaataa boqortooyo distuuri ah. Intii lagu guda jiray sannadahan, magiciisii waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah ugu caansan iyo at-profile sare ee dadweynaha isla waqtiga iyo nolosha siyaasadeed.

xaalad dambe lagu sharaxay by xaqiiqada ah in waxa ay taasi ku dhawaaqay cod weyn iyo kharashyada. isaga iyo taageerayaashiisa waxay naftooda u taagan yahay sidii mucaaradka dowladda Saarka. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka, wuxuu ku dooday in ilaalinta ee ballanqaadyada si sokeeye, in uu yahay, waayo dhaqanka ee dagaalka si ay u aakhirkeedu wuxuu u qadhaadh. Later, wuxuu ku eedeeyay hoggaanka dalka ee xulafo la ah ee Jarmalka, kaas oo inta badan ka qayb qaatay korodhka weyn ee dareenka mucaaradka ee bulshada.

Ka dib markii Revolution February ah, wuxuu noqday wasiirka arrimaha dibada ee dowladda ku meel gaarka ah. In meel this, wuxuu sii waday inuu ka dhigi khudbado cod weyn oo ku saabsan baahida loo qabo in dagaal ilaa guusha. Wuxuu ahaa taageere u ahaa kala guurka ah iyadoo cidhiidhi Badda Madow ee Bosporus iyo Dardanelles in Russia ee. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, statements kuwaas oo aan isaga hortiinna u keenay caan wakhtigaas, on lid ku ah, codsiga ayaa keentay in koritaanka mucaaradka ee bulshada in ka daalay dagaalka, oo taasuna waxay ka faa'iideysteen Bolsheviks ah, oo iska xanaajin mudaharaadyo ka dhan ah xukuumadda.

Tani waxay keentay in xaqiiqda ah in hoggaamiyaha xisbiga arday iska casilay, laakiinse wuxuu soo qabtay post a more suubban ee Wasaaradda Waxbarashada. Waxa uu taageeray dhaqdhaqaaqa Kornilov ah, waxaa loo doortay in Golaha Wakiillada, kuwaas oo ma shaqo ma bilaaban. dhacdooyinka ka dib, ayuu u haajiray Europe, halkaas oo uu ka sii hawl siyaasadeed firfircoon, iyo sidoo kale ku hawlan ee daabacaadan iyo republication ee uu shaqada.

Life dibedda

ka mid ah haajirayo Ruush caan qaaday Milyukov Pavel Nikolaevich. "History of Ruush labaad ee Kacaanka", mid ka mid ah uu shuqulladiisa ku qoran sano masaafuriyey, cadeyn u tahay in uu xitaa dibadda gaalda iyo maratay Arkaa isbeddellada ka dhacaya dalkeena. Marka hore waxa uu ahaa taageere ah mucaaradka hubaysan si Bolsheviks ah, laakiin markii dambe bedelay maskaxdiisa oo waxay bilaabeen inay ku doodayaan in ay lagama maarmaan tahay si ay u wiiqaan nidaamka cusub gudaha. Waayo, kanu, qaar badan oo ka mid ah kuwa uu ka tegey isaga. tahriibka ee saynisyahano saxar wargeyska ugu weyn ee intelligentsia Ruushka - "News Latest". Inkastoo ay aragtidooda soo horjeeda, taariikhyahan ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, oo ay taageerayaan siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Stalin ee, gaar ahaan la ansixiyey ee dagaalka kula Finland. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, uu taageeray dareenka wadaniyiinta iyo taageereen falalka Army Cas.

shuqullada qaar ka mid ah

Milyukov Pavel Nikolaevich, kuwaas oo buugaag ayaa noqotay dhacdo caan ah taariikheeya qaranka, ee Hijrooday ee ku hawlan ruuxa mid ka mid ah shaqada ugu muhiimsan ee uu noloshiisa ka go'an in ay taariikhda Russia. Dhowr mugagga "maqaalo on the History Dhaqanka Ruush" noqday dhacdo caan ah ee taariikhda sayniska. In iyaga qoraaga ayaa fikiray nidaamka taariikhiga ah sida set oo ah falalka dhowr dhacdooyinka dadweynaha: dugsiga, diinta, hab siyaasadeed. In iyaga, ayuu ku lifaaqan muhiimadda ugu weyn ee xeerarka amaahashada of Western Europe ee dalka.

Waxaa ka mid ah siyaasadda publications lagu magacaabi karaa maqaalka ah "Live Pushkin", uruuriyaa of articles "Laga soo bilaabo taariikhda intelligentsia Ruushka" iyo "Year of halganka," buugga "Qalabka nabad iyo hubka gacanta", iyo qaar kale.

Milyukov, Pavel Nikolaevich, "quusiyay" taas oo kor u soo koobay naftiisa, dhintay 1943. Shaqadu waxay ku hadhay diiqid, weli waxaa muhiim u ah fahamka ee formation of shakhsiyadda taariikhyahan ee. Waxa uu ku qoray ka xasuusta, oo aan gacanta kasta oo qalabka arkiifiyo sababta oo ah maktabadda ee Paris lagu shaabadeeyey. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ku tiirsan xusuustiisa, ayuu arrin si sax ah u gudbiyo jidka ay formation sida cilmiga ah iyo tirada dadweynaha.

qiimaha

Milyukov tagay calaamad dareemi in labada sayniska iyo nolosha dadweynaha. shuqulladiisa waa qayb muhiim ah oo taariikheeya qaranka. Fikradda ah cilmiga geedi socodka taariikheed waa asalka ah, iyo in kastoo uu raacay fikradaha dugsiga dadweynaha siyaabo badan, iyo macallinka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka aragtidooda ka tegey on dhibcood aad u badan. Halkan waa in la ogaadaa in uu saameyn hawlaha siyaasadeed on shuqulladiisa taariikhiga ah. Uu style iyo afka ma la oran karo waa la sifaynayo tacliimeed: waxay xilliyo daabka erayada saxaafadda. Milyukova hawlaha siyaasadeed ahayd arrin weyn, sidaas darteed waxaan dhihi karaa in uu ka tagay, iyo in fikirka bulshada iyo siyaasadda ee qorid ah.