Heroes ee Chernobyl. The liquidators shil Chernobyl ee

Dhisay 1954, dhirta ugu horeeyay ee nuclear awoodda Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo samaynta eb wuxuu u adeegi ujeedooyin nabad, Dadka ayaa la rumaysan yahay in loo helo koronto ugu jaban. In 80-mada ay qarnigii XX, waxaa horay 360 Quwadda Nuclearka ahaayeen. 1986 26 April , beesha caalamka ayaa bartay in ay qiimaha dhabta ah ee tobanaan kun oo noloshooda, ka shucaaca iyo saamaynta ay, 300 kun oo guri la'aan, magaalooyinka ka baxay iyo tuulooyinka ku dhintay. Laakiin dhibanayaasha noqon karaa xitaa haddii aan sare loogu talagalay dadka, geesiyaal dhabta ah ee Chernobyl, si looga hortago dhibaato ka sii weyn leh noloshooda.

Shilka ayaa ka dhacay warshad Chernobyl ee quwadda nukliyarka

Habeenkii 26 April, si nabad ah deggan hurdada magaalooyinka Yukreeniyaan of Pripyat iyo Chernobyl, oo ku yaalla siday u kala horreeyaan 4 iyo 18 km ka warshadda nukliyeerka, kaas oo ka shaqeeya inta badan dadka waaweyn. gaashaan block 4-th, halkaas oo nuclear-ka ayaa sameeyay baaritaan № 4 xalin ay qaddar naxdin leh sanado badan. Sidee si loo ogaado ka dib guddiga dawladda, soo koobin looga baahan yahay, taas oo sababtay geedi socodka la koontarooli karin in uu sababay qarax ee nuclear-ka lagu xad inta uu baaritaanku socdo. 50 ton oo shidaal dibadda baxsaday, taas oo 10 jeer ka badan Hiroshima faragelintii.

Ciqaabta la kulmeyso doonaa maamulka Chernobyl: qabashada baaritaanka, ku xigeenka injineer A. Woodpeckers iyo agaasimaha Chernobyl V. Bryuhanov hesho muddo 10 sano. From saamaynta shucaaca ugu horeysay oo ka baxday nolosha ee 1995. Injineer sare ayaa laga badiyay uu maanka. Kaliya ee Sagaashameeyadii ee guddiga dowladda ay aqoonsan tahay in mujrim ugu muhiimsan ee shilka uu ahaa qalad dilaa ah, iyo in design aad u nuclear-ka. Noqo in sida laga yaabaa, ka qaybgalayaasha ugu horeysay ee Chernobyl - shaqaalaha idaacadda. Burburintii of unit dhismaha, halkaana ku dilay laba, inta kale (134) dhammaan kuwii bukay oo jirrada shucaaca, kuwaas oo ugu dhaqsaha badan ku dhinteen 24 (28 dab).

Cag on Jidka musiibo dheeraad ah

Ka dib markii laba qarax oo kala ah laba ilbiriqsi (1 saac 23 daqiiqo) nuclear-ka oo gabi ahaanba burburtay, sababaya ku saabsan 30 dabka. ka shaqeeya saldhigga ahaayeen ugu horeysay oo aan ka waaban inaad dab-bakhtiiyeyaasha la soo yaaceen si ay u hagaajin. Inkasta oo agaasimaha V. Bryuhanov gaaray 2 subaxnimo ee idaacadda, ee gobolka a of shock, dukaan koronto ku dhibtooday si looga hortago in qarax hydrogen, taasoo dabooli kari waayeen Minsk, fog in ka badan 300 km.

Dalku waa in ay ogaadaan magacyada reer geesiyaal Chernobyl. 47-sano jir ah horjoogaha xigeenka wareejin Alexander Lelechenko shakhsi hor istaagay socodka hydrogen qolka matoorka, on saqafka taas oo hore u ahaa on dabka.

Afar maalmood oo uu ku sugnaa gudaha goobta shaqada, baabi'inta cawaaqibka shil Chernobyl iyo hubinta howlgal ammaan oo ka mid ah saddex unug awoodda nuclear ugu horeysay. From leheyn qaadasho shucaac ah nolosha Alexander Lelechenko on May 7 wuu dhintay, durba sanad ka helay horyaalka posthumous of Hero of Ukraine.

geesiyaal True - damiska ee Chernobyl

Alarm ilaalada ka soo sara kiciyey damiska Chernobyl iyo Pripyat, kuwii hore ka mid ah oo soo gaaray saldhiga 7 daqiiqo ka dib bilowgii shil. 28 qof oo loola cararay dab-dagaal hoos imaanaya hoggaanka Lieutenant Vladimir iyo Victor Pravik Kabenka. Labada 23 sano jir ah, laakiin tusaale ahaan, waxay ahaayeen Xarakada a, la siiyo tilmaamo cad oo waa meesha ugu adag. Total maamulka si weyn oo Telyatnikov, hoos amarka taas oo soo baxday in 69 qof iyo 14 baabuurta. Shiidaa oo aan ilaalinta, la-gashi oo keliya, koofiyadaha iyo dharka, shiraac, aan la isticmaalin sababtoo ah waji gaaska heerkulka sare TRC-5, seddex habeen damiska naqaanno heerka shucaaca dilaaga ah.

By afar subaxnimo, oo dabkiina wuu kooban lixda waxaa lagu buuxda loo bakhtiiyey. Luminta in dagaalka ka dhanka ah dabka miyir, damiska badan helay qiyaas halis ah oo shucaac iyo kuwii la diray si loogu daweeyo ee Moscow iyo Kiev. Oo ka mid ah 13 qof oo lagu daweeyey cusbitaalka 6aad caafimaad ee magaalada, 11 ayaa ku dhintay. Yaa aabbe noqday bil ka hor masiibada, iyaga ka mid ah Victor iyo Vladimir Kabenok Pravik. Dhakhaatiirta ayaa sheegay in in habka doortay ee daaweynta Dr. Gale ahaa kuwa Daalimiinta ah. Professor Leonid Kindzelskomu ee Kiev, si aad u codsato in ay hab gaar ah oo daaweyn ah, bukaan oo dhan ayaa la soo badbaadiyay. Saddex damiska Vladimiru Praviku, Victor iyo Leonid Kabenku Telyatnikov, waxaa la guddoonsiiyey Hero horyaalka ee Midowga Soofiyeeti ee. Waxay ku guulaysteen inay u noolaadaan oo kaliya dambe la dalacsiiyay darajo ee guud.

Damiska - Heroes ee Ukraine

Saddex ka mid ah damiska ugu horeysay lagu qabtay goobta shilka ayaa la gudoonsiiyey abaalmarinta lagu magacaabo of Hero of Ukraine. iyaga ka mid ah Vasily Ignatenko, 25-sano jir ah shaqaalaha saajin. noloshooda ninkii dhallinyarada baxay dabka seddex ka mid ah saaxiibo ay ku lahaa miyir lumay ka-gaadhista. Xaaskiisa uurka leh ma u awoodin inuu badbaadiyo gabadhii helay shucaaca halka booqanaya ninkeeda isbitaalka Moscow a. Qiyaasta ahaa dilaa u dhalatay.

Saajin 26-sano jir ah Nicholas Vashchuk iyo Nikolai ku Tytenok 23-sano jir ah ayaa ka mid ahaa kuwa badbaadiyay Ignatenko. Laakiin oo dhan iyaga ku Qaddarray qaddar la mid ah - in ay u dhintaan in isbitaalka. Labada shaqeeyay on height ugu weyn, ka soo dhex faafin lahaayen awoodda saddexaad ka hortagga dabka. Waana halka heerka shucaaca wuxuu ahaa meelaha ugu sarreeya. Heroes ee Chernobyl tagay xusuusta ugu mahad celinayaa, iyo qaar kaloo badan - laba wiil.

Dabka - Hero of Russia

Madaxa Dabka ee Wasaaradda USSR ee Arrimaha Gudaha Main Department Lt. Col. Vladimir Maksimchuk gaaray warshad Chernobyl awoodda nuclear oo qayb ka ah guddiga dowladda. Oo isna wuxuu lahaa saamiga dagaalka dab hogaanka on Habeenka of May 23. About this story muddo dheer iska aamusay, hanjabaad qarax cusub ee nuclear-4aad kacay ka dib markii suuroggalaan bambooyin wareeg iyo fiilooyinka a high-voltage. Ma jidaynayey xisaabaha damiska, iyadoo koox ka mid ah sirdoonka Colonel galay goobta dabka. By dejinta heerka khatarta iyo garashada heerka shucaaca (250 roentgen halkii saac), Vladimir Maksimchuk shakhsi abaabulay shaqada samatabbixinta, si loo ogaado waqtiga ugu badan joogista gayiga dab toban daqiiqo.

zone dab Dagaalka ayaa farsamo gaar ah la soo bandhigay, iyo xisaabaha dagaalka oo isbedel joogto ah war kasta oo kale oo ka mid ah dhismayaasha cusub. Taliyaha isu markii koox kasta iyo mar kale isaga qudhiisu helay hal dhibic ka ugu khatarta badan, adeegaya sida tusaale ka mid ah geesinimada shakhsiyeed. Tani waa dalka sanadaha soo socda - ah "qarsoon" feat. Heroes ee Chernobyl ahaayeen in abaalmarinta iyo afartan dab, oo uu hoggaaminayo taliyaha noqon doonaa mugdiga sariirta isbitaalka. In 1994, at da'da 46 iyo darajo of Service Gudaha MVD Major General Vladimir Maksimchuk uu ku dhintay, isagoo darjada 2003 abaal Hero of Russia horyaalka ah.

Waa kuwee liquidators ah

Mid ka mid ah markhaatiyaasha marka hore, kuwaas oo ku noqday nuclear-ka ka dib markii uu shil ka, operator ahaa wakaalada wararka ee Igor Kostin. Wuxuu arkay sawirka of guuldaradii guud ahaan, sida haddii kadib markii dagaal nukliyeerka. Cawaaqib xumada shil Chernobyl - waa ma aha oo kaliya in la sii daayo shidaalka nuclear, laakiin sidoo kale a faddarayn radioactive ah xoogan ee degaanka of 200 kun oo kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran. Shidnaa sii nuclear-tuuro gaaska shucaaca iyo boodh in jawiga, waa in la joojiyay. Waxaa meesha kama saarayso suurogalka ah ee qaraxa labaad sababtoo ah khatarta ah in ka yar nuclear-ka in crack bulukeeti ah oo la taaban karo, iyo magma ku xiri doona biyaha.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maamulka cadaadis saamaynta musiibada iyo qoraallada marka hore u muuqday in saxaafadda oo kaliya 36 saacadood ka dib. daruur Shucaaca diiwaan geliyay Europe, iyo-buuxa ah daadguraynta dadka ka aagga u dhow, oo hoos ugu tegey, taariikhda sida zone-saaridda, aan weli bilaabay. Dadka ayaa bilaabay in ay qaataan ka mid ah gacan ka ahaa soddon kiiloomitir ka dib cabir ah by kooxda military ee kornayl Grebeniuk in Pripyat sameeyey. Waxay kaliya ma ahan muujiyey koror musiibo ee shucaaca inta lagu jiro maalinta, laakiin sidoo kale naxay Institute of Atoomikada tirooyinka buuxda. background radiation ka badan xadka la oggol yahay 600 kun oo jeer!

In meel of sun oo ka tagay meesha cudurka muddo wiig ah, ka saacadood ee ugu horeeya ee shilka eryay khubaro inay ka shaqeeyaan Quwadda Nuclearka, ciidan. Later lagu magacaabay liquidators. 600 kun oo qof ayaa soo jiitay in tirtiridda cawaaqib shilka ka dib markii call ee Madaxweynaha Gorbachev on telefishanka 18 maalmood laga soo bilaabo bilowgii dhacdooyinkii naxdinta lahaa ka dib.

feat ciidanka

Mid kasta oo ka mid ah kuwa uu yimid in la baabi'iyo cawaaqib shilka, waxaa sidoo kale wakiil, waa Chernobyl. Heroes-liquidators sano ka dib ma ka xumahay in ay lahaayeen in ay u istaagaan ka dhanka ah cadowga aan la arki karin - ionizing shucaaca. Inkastoo dhibaatooyin caafimaad iyo dhimashada saaxiibo ka cudurro halis ah. 100 kun oo iyaga ka mid ah - ay ku jiraan wakiillo ka socda ciidanka, oo ay ku jiraan 600 oo tijaabo helicopter, sameyn doonaa wax walba in lagu aamusiyo nuclear-digniinta. In guddiga dowladda si loo baabi'iyo cawaaqibka ka mid Academician VA Legasov kuwaas oo loogu talagalay tuuraya isku dar ah in nuclear-core ciid, acid ee boric iyo hogaanka. 48 saacadood oo shaqo gudahood waxaan bilaabay, kaas oo tijaabo ah ugu wanaagsan ee helicopter ah ayaa ku lug leh, oo ay ku jiraan noqosho ah ee Afghanistan.

Heerka shucaaca kor nuclear-ka ee 9 jeer qiyaasta halis ah, heerkulka hawada at height ah 200 oo mitir u jiray 120-180 degrees. Under xaaladaha hawada kulul iyo khatarta shucaaca askartii nolosha dhashay gacmaha hoos bacaha ah oo miisaankeedu yahay 80 kg, iyo kor u dhigay in ay 33 duuliye tageen maalintii, mar 5-6 si ay u awoodi shucaaca X-rays. Waxay qaadatay 6 tan oo isku dar ah in 35% si loo yareeyo hawada ka mid ah walxaha halista ah dilaa. Ka mid ah tijaabo helicopter waxaa Heroes ee Midowga Soofiyeeti ee. Mid ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah - Nikolay Melnik, waxaa hoos u galay nuclear-ka tube height a shestisotkilogrammovuyu la qiyaaso qalabka si ay u bartaan nooca geedi socodka gudaha si looga fogaado qarax oo soo noqnoqda. hawlgalka saldhigyo Tani waxay hoos ugu tegey, taariikhda hoos magaca "Eagle".

askari reserve

The liquidators shil Chernobyl ee - ma aha oo kaliya by xirfadlayaasha, laakiin sidoo kale saraakiishii hore ee iyo askartii da'doodu labaatan inay soddon sannadood ee u dhexeeya, soo jiidatay u eedeeyay ciidamada. All agagaarka nuclear-kii afraadna waxaa ka mamnuuceen shidaalka shucaaca. Waxa graphite adag iyo qashin shucaaca lahaa in laga saaro saqafka ka, halkaas oo isticmaalka robotics. Laakiin socday heerka shucaaca duurjoogta ah u soo dejiyey, sidaa darteed waxaa loo baahan yahay in ay soo jiidato dadka. geesiyaal Kuwanu ee Chernobyl hoos taariikhda u baxay sidii "biorobots". Hawlgalka ayaa ahaa in meesha laga saaro xubno ka radioactive Major General Tarakanov, xisaabiyaa in xitaa joog ilaaliya qof ma noqon karaan goobta shucaaca ee X-rays la 7000 in ka badan afartan ilbidhiqsi.

Si aad u qubitaanka qashinka nukliyarka ah laba majarafadihii, nin dhallinyaro ah oo leh miisaan ah 26-30 kg ee ilaalinta 2.5 todobaad kaalinta saqafka, nolosha iyo addinka halis. Igor Kostin Konstantin Fedotov oo dhacay ay ku soo celiyaan ay feat yar shan jeer. Sida abaalgud, "biorobots" helay shahaadada liquidator iyo abaalmarinta ciidanka boqol rubles ah. Sida laga soo xigtay saadaasha dhakhaatiir, mid ka mid ah shan ka mid ah carruurta ku dhiman doonaa ka hor da'da 40 sano. Dagaalka oo la col la arki karin ayaa ku dhamaaday dhamaystirka shuqullada on badanoo of shil Chernobyl ee.

Dhismaha sarcophagus ah

In ka badan wax xarumaha gurmadka degdegga ah ee loo baahan yahay xirfadlayaal ah. Damiska looga hortago dilaaca cusub, ku listo biyaha hoos bulukeeti ee la taaban karo ee nuclear-ka, macdan qodayaasha qoday dhererka tunnel ee 150 m ka unit saddexaad si ay u dejiyaan qolkii qaboojinta isticmaalaya nitrogen dareere ah, oo ka gooyay iyada oo injineerada autogenous Institute Kurchatovsky badbaaday derbiga si loo ogaado heerka uu halis. waddanka oo dhan ayaa la ururiyaa si loogu caawiyo meelaha ay dhibaatadu saameysey, si ay u abuuraan xaalad hore-line dhabta ah. Waxaa la furay account ah deeqaha, kaas oo muddo lix bilood ah ka heshay 520 million rubles. heerka ugu dambeeya ee shaqada on xakameeynta tamarta nukliyeerka ay aheyd inuu noqdo dhismaha sarcophagus ka hortag loogu talagalay aaska "sigaar" nuclear. Analoogga ee wax caynkaas ah ma ku jiray dunida, kuwa loogu talagalay iyo dhisay in xaaladaha ku dhow inay dagaalka, geesiyaal dhabta ah ee Chernobyl.

206 maalmood ayaa looga baahan yahay dhismaha ah oo miisaankeedu yahay xasilin la taaban karo ee 150 metrik iyo 170 mitir. Lev Bocharov, mid ka mid ah horumarinta ee shayga, waxay aqoonsan tahay in ugu adag ahaa xaqiiqada ah in si faahfaahsan kastaaba wuxuu lahaa in la si gooni gooni ah loogu talagalay in ay ka fogaadaan khasaare aan loo baahnayn. dhismaha Remote keentay in xaqiiqda ah in, inkastoo dadaalka of 90 kun oo qof, isticmaalka xaddi weyn ee dhismayaasha birta ah iyo shamiito, in 28 sano waxaa jiray burburkii ka mid ah darfahoodii taaba dhowr boqol oo mitir. kabid More by helicopter ee 2007 iyo cabirka shucaaca waxay muujiyeen in unit xoogga weli waa khatar. Maanta fuliyo mashruuc cusub "Shelter-2" oo ka qayb ah dalalka Yurub iyo Mareykanka.

aagga 30-ka kilomitir agagaarka warshadda - weli zone-saaridda, halkaas oo dadka joogista khatar sababta oo ah wasakhda shucaaca. Pripyat uu noqday taallo raagayaan musiibadii ee 1986 sano.

Heroes ee Chernobyl ka go'an

musiibo ee Chernobyl ee dunida waxa dhici kara haddii tamarta nukliyeerka waxaa gacanta ka baxa tusay. Waxa uu xoojiyey habka of dhigista nuclear iyo waxa ay noqotay, in fact, bilowgii dhamaadka USSR. Laakiin xitaa iyadu tusay beesha caalamka geesinimada iyo geesinimo ah dadka caadiga ah oo dalal kala duwan, garabka bilaabay in uu badbaadinta ilbaxnimada Yurub. Ay naftooda dilaan hoggaamiyaha xisbiga shuuciga ah ee Ukraine V. Scherbitsky qayb qarin qiyaasta dhabta ah ee shil ee Chernobyl, ma awoodi doonaan si ay u noolaadaan musiibo ee cilmiga ka VA Legasov, dareen xadgudubka bulshada sayniska ee dhacdada. Laakiin waxaa jira wax laga xishoodo ah kuwa weligiis wuu noolaan doonaa in xasuus iyo naxaas ah our. Vyacheslav Kokubu on guuradii 25aad ee musiibadii ee Ukraine ayaa ka kooban song ah "Nasahan Heroes ee Chernobyl", kaas oo ku hadla ee ku Mahdisaan "kuwa dunida ka masiibada badbaadi, kuwa sberog uu sharaf iyo uniform."

In Ukraine, aasaasay billadda "Hero of Chernobyl", taas oo ilaa iyo haatan la siiyay liquidators kuwaas oo ay muujiyeen geesinimo gaar ah inta lagu jiro xilliga adag ee dalka. Saddex sano ka hor, abaalmarinta helay dhakhtar Kyrgyzstan Iskender Shayakhmetova socda boqol mitir ka unugga, kuwaas oo badbaadiyey nolosha daraasiin dad ah. Laakiin Machadka Kiev ee Shucaaca Medicine weli tagaa halganka aan qummanaynu la cadowga aan la arki karin, waayo nolosha liquidators hore. By Professor Anatoly Chumak ka dhan labada geesood oo Midowgii Soofiyeeti ee hore u safraan. In magaalooyin badan, taxadiri u geesiyaal u dhiirranow dhibanayaasha Chernobyl, kuwaas oo inta badan ay ku dhinteen sano ka dib ka soo saamaynta bukaanka shucaaca.