Warsaw kacdoonka. War World Labaad. story

Dagaalkii labaad ee dunida bilaabay in 1939 oo lagu soo dhamaystay 1945. In ka badan muddo dhan dagaalka ku dileen tiro badan oo ah dadka, xitaa ka sii badan ay ku dhaawacmeen, qaar badan oo ka maqan. In muddo kasta oo iska hor imaad lahaa geesiyaal iyo shakhsiyadda muranka. All quruumaha isbahaysiga la dagaalanka kasta dalkiisa, uubatooyin xunxun iyagoo aan nolosha. Waxa uu ahaa ma laga reebo iyo halgankii xoraynta ee Poland ah. arrin muhiim ah oo muddo this ahaa 1944 Warsaw kacdoonka. waxaa On waxaa jira wada hadal ilaa maantadan la joogo. Sababaha iyo cawaaqibka dhacdadan leeyihiin tarjumaad aad u kala duwan.

Taariikh kooban of pre-dagaal Poland

Dagaalkii Adduunka ee First ee Poland Ka dib, waxaa jira halgan degdeg ah awoodda. Kaliya ilaa 1926 waxaa jiray isbedel Dowladda 5. The dhaqaalaha post-dagaal ayaa waxaa aad u tabar daran, dadka kordhay carada. Against asalka this, waxaa jiray inqilaab J. Pilsudski. Sidaas darteed, wuxuu noqday madaxa u ahaa ciidanka, oo loo doortay Madaxweynaha Ignatsi Mostsitsky. Dhab ahaantii, dalka in la dhiso talisnimada a military. The sano soo socda ee Poland waa geeddi-socodka horumarinta. In 1935, dastuurka cusub, inta badan xuquuqda wareejiyay madaxweynaha. Iyo 1938 arkay diridda ee xisbiga shuuciga ah.

Germany ayaa horey tiro ka mid ah dalabaadka Poland, waxaa xaddidaya madaxbannaanida ee 1938. Ka dib markii ay diidmo, September 1 1939 , ciidamada Jarmal bilaabay dagaalka. Horeba September 27 ka duulay Jarmal galay Warsaw. Toddobaad ka dib casaanka ka unit ee ugu dambeeyay ciidamada weyn Polish, iyo dhulka oo dhan Poland hoos shaqo ahaa. On dalalka degan dalalka waxaa jiray dhowr mucaarad. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah: Ciidamada Ludowa, Home Army, kala duwan oo madax banaan dhaqdhaqaaqa dhuumaalaysiga ah. Waxa ay ahayd kuwa abaabulan Warsaw kacdoonkii ee 1944.

booska ciidamada ka hor kacdoonka ka Warsaw

ciidanka Soviet ee 1944, horseeday weerar on Lugbuur oo dhan. A askari dhowr maalmood ka socota oo ku saabsan 600 km. ka hor Hel oo ka mid ah ayaa gebi ahaanba laga gooyaa sahay. Air force weli ma guuraan ah garoomada diyaaradaha ee kuugu dhow horteeda. Sida laga soo xigtay qorshaha, xoraynta ee Warsaw ahaa in la qabto on labada xanjaadka u ah Front Belorussian 1aad. Prague - Ilaa bilowgii August, askartii u agagaarkeedii of Warsaw yimid. Waxaa loo sameeyaa in ka hor heli 2aad ilaalada Haanta Army. Si dhakhso ah, ayay soo wajahay a counter-weerar ciidanka Jarmal, taas oo uu helay xoogga weyn - sida laga soo xigtay ilo qaar ka mid ah, waxaa jiray 5 kooxihii Jarmal gaashaaman. Ciidamada Soviet ayaa lagu qasbay in ay joojiyaan iyo bilowdo daafaca. taariikhyahanadu Qaar ka mid ah ku doodayaan in weerar Soviet joojiyay sababtoo ah dhacdadan, oo lagu daray askartii aaban keenno 600 kiiloomitir tuuro dheer. Qaar kale waa cilmi taariikh military oo sheegaya in hoggaanka ciidanka in qofka of Stalin ma rabto in ay caawimaad u fidiso iska caabin ah Polish, kuwaas oo bilaabay kacdoonkii Warsaw ee 1944.

Bilowgii kacdoonka

August 1, caasimadda ah ee Poland kacdoonka bilaabay. Waxa uu abaabulay uu mucaaradka Ciidamada Qaranka. In taariikhda Warsaw ay joogaan iyo sidoo kale maalmaha madow iyo caddaan. Taas oo iyaga ka mid ah u yeelaan muddo this of time, su'aal maqlana. Ka dib markii dawan mid ka mid ah kaniisadaha ay bilaabeen dagaalamaya xoreynta magaalada ka soo duulay dalka Jarmalka. Dadka ayaa seegay bilowgii kacdoonka Warsaw iyo markii hore gabi ahaanba ma ay u diyaariyaan isaga. waqti gaaban gudahood, mucaaradka u suurtagashay in ay jebiyaan bartamaha magaalada oo si buuxda u dhiso gacanta ku dul. Isla mar ahaantaana, oo polish ah ku guuldareysatay inay qabsadaan xeryaha, garoonka diyaaradaha iyo buundooyinka ugu weyn ee webiga. Oklemalas Jarmalka tuuray in ay iska caabin ciidamada weyn iyo mucaaradka ka soo meelaha ugu eryay.

Inkasta oo kadib markii tirada sameeyay abaabulka Army Regional sare ku hodanaynta, in la hubeeyo dadka waxba. In 34 wax weyn oo la sii daayay 383 oo maxaabiis ah xerada ka qabtay inta lagu guda jiro wajiga hore ee 1944 Warsaw kacdoonka. Laga soo bilaabo in mucaaradka bilaabeen inay ka. waa waxaan idinku leeyahay, Maalintii ugu horraysay ee kacdoonkii jabhada lunsan oo ku saabsan 2,000 Xarakada. Sidaas badan halligmay, oo dadka rayidka ah. Waxay isugu soo baxay waddooyinka iyo taageeray caasinimo sida ay kari waayeen, la xidhay, marayay mucaaradka iyada oo sugnan dhulka hoostiisa, daryeel askartii dhaawaca ah. Tan iyo dadkan oo dhammuna lahayn waayo-aragnimo dagaal, waxay ahaayeen dhibbanayaasha hore ee qaraxii iyo duqeyn.

A ereyo kooban oo ku saabsan Ciidamada Territorial

Kooxda Military, ku simaha gayiga Poland inta lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, wuxuu ahaa magaca ciidamada Territorial. Waxa uu ahaa hoos timaada dawladda Polish, taas oo 1939 ka tagay dalka oo dhan hawlaha ay London. Resistance AK kordhiyay in dhulka oo dhan Poland iyo Ujeedada ugu weyn waa inay la diriraan reer gumeystayaal Jarmal. xaaladood oo ay isku dhaceen ciidan ee Soviet inta badan ka dhacay. Qaar ka mid ah ayaa ku eedeeyay AK ee isku day ah in la burburiyo ciidamada waddani Yukreeniyaan.

Tirada ugu badan ee askari ee ciidamada ku jiray 1944 - oo ku saabsan 380 kun oo qof .. In ay qaab-dhismeedka, waxay u qaybsan yahay boobay - weheliso gobolka iyo gobol. Dhismaha koobnaa sirdoonka AK, unugyada waxyeeleynayo. Marka hawsha Warsaw kacdoonkii Territorial Army ahayd in la xoreeyo magaalada ka Jarmalka ilaa ay ka imanayaan ciidamada Soviet.

Little oo ku saabsan Warsaw ee

Warsaw - caasimadda ah ee wadan reer Yurub ah oo leh taariikh hodan ah oo naxdin leh. Magaalada waxay leedahay asal ahaan ay meel dhexe ee qarnigii XIII ah. Just ka dibna waxaa jiray dejinta ugu horeysay weyn deyr leh gayiga mustaqbalka ee Warsaw. In 1526, geeridii ku timid magaalada Prince Mazowiecki ka dib markii uu ku xiran boqortooyada Polish oo helay xaq on par leh degsiimooyinka oo dhan. Dhamaadka bilowgii qarniyo XVII XVI Warsaw noqdo caasimadda ah ee Poland. Oo waxaa dhacday, sababtoo ah booska ku haboon juquraafi ahaaneed ee magaalada, iyo sidoo kale sababo la sifaynayo siyaasadeed.

Dhammaadkii qarnigii XVIII ka Warsaw by bilowgii Prussia maray. Waxaa ay joogtay muddo gaaban oo durba 1807 ka dib guuldaradii of Napoleon, ciidanka Prussian waxaa la aasaasay Duchy of Warsaw. Laakiin waxa ay iska daayeen inay ka jira 1813. Waxaa dhacay ka dib guushii ay ciidamada Ruush badan Napoleon. Sayidka bilaabay taariikhda cusub ee Poland. Si kooban, muddo this lagu gartaa karaa sida marxalad halganka madaxbannaanida. Laakiin kacdoonkii ee 1830 iyo 1863 ku dhamaaday guuldarro iyo khasaaraha ka mid ah maamul hoosaad xataa milaratigooda.

Ka dib markii World War aan Poland, ugu dambeyntii, mar kale heleen gobolka u gaar ah. Waxaa bilaabay muddada horumarka dalka guud ahaan iyo gaar ahaan Warsaw. Dhismaha guryaha cusub iyo xaafadaha oo dhan. Muddadan, map of Warsaw ayaa si wayn kor.

In 1939, dalkii ugu horeeyay, kaas oo la weeraray by Germany, Poland ahaa. Warsaw sida ugu badan afar toddobaad oo hoggaamiyay halgankii aan qummanaynu kusoo duulay, laakiin ciidamada ay ahaayeen kuwa aan qummanaynu, iyo magaalada ku dhacay. Ku dhawaad islamarkiiba, magaalada waxaa la aasaasay dhaqdhaqaaqa dhulka hoostiisa si ay ula dagaallamaan soo duulay ee. Ururinta xooggiisa, ay Brotestanka of Army Home, iyo sidoo kale dhowr boqol oo qof oo ka Army Dadka go'aansaday in 1944 in kacdoonkii.

dhinacyada hubaysan

Warsaw Degmada Army Territorial tiriyey oo ku saabsan 30 000 oo askari, kuwaas oo ku dhawaad laba jeer ahaa sida ugu badan ee Jarmalka. Laakiin hub wanaagsan Brotestanka dhowaad ma ahaa. Waxay lahaa qoryaha kaliya 657, qaar ka mid ah 47 qoryaha darandooriga, 2.629 qoryaha, 50,000 oo bam iyo wax yar ka badan 2500 oo qoryaha. Waayo, sida tiro badan oo ah ciidan in uu ahaa mid aad u yar. Waxaan dhihi karnaa in maleeshiyada ay go'aansatay in ay gacmo dhashay dagaalamaan ciidan awood leh oo joogto ah Jarmal.

Germany, marka hore waxay bilaabeen inay Dumayn cadaadis ka Ciidamada Soviet, ka dibna iyada oo maanka ku beddelay oo hadaf ah oo haysta difaaca ee Warsaw by jiidaya, waxaa ka ee magaalada iyo duleedka tiro badan oo hub ah. Sayidka, kooxda German ka koobnayd 600 qoryaha is-baasuukayaal iyo taangiyada, oo ku saabsan 1158 qoryaha iyo hoobiyeyaal, iyo sidoo kale meel 52 kun oo askari.

In Warsaw laftiisa la Brotestanka diriray shirkadda oo bilays ah:

• Cossacks oo qayb ka ah 69 guuto ah,
• Iyo awr 3aad Guutada;
• Qaybta 29-Ruush ee SS ah;
• qeybinta ciidankii Muslim;
• battalion Yukreeniyaan of askari oo bilays ah,
• Ruush Army Xoreynta Dadka (Rona) Kaminski;
• guutada Azerbaijan.

muuqaalka siyaasadeed

Halka Poland, waxaa jiray laba xeryaha siyaasadeed horjeeda. Midkii kowaad wuxuu u - Guddiga Lublin ah, waxaa taas ka taagay by madaxda Soviet magaalada Chelm dhamaadka July 1944. Waxaa loo maleeyey in waqti dagaalka oo polish ah, kuwaas oo ay taageerayaan this dowladda, ku xiran taliska ciidamada guud. Dagaalka ka dib, guddigu lahaa in ay qaataan gacanta ku dalkuba.

Ciidamada iska soo horjeeda ahaa falalka dowladda Polish, wixii tan iyo bilowgii dagaalka uu kaga tegey ee London. Waxaa loo arkaa laftiisa awoodda kaliya ee sharciga ah. History of Poland si kooban u sheegayaa in dowladda ay tani tahay isku-duwaha ee dhaqdhaqaaqa mucaaradka Polish, oo ay ku jiraan ciidamada Territorial. Ujeedada ugu weyn ee S. Mikolajczyk ahaa in ay guriga ka hor inta ay ka imanayaan awood Soviet xoreeyaan Warsaw, in ay jiri Poland madax banaan dagaalka ka dib. sannaddii 1944 wuxuu ahaa mid muhiim u ah ujeedada this.

Mid kasta oo ka xeryaha doonayay in, dhab ahaantii, mid ka mid ah oo la mid ah - xoraynta ka shaqo Jarmal. Laakiin haddii Guddiga Lublin ayaa arkay mustaqbalka ee Poland hoos Maxmiyadii Soviet, xukuumadda London ayaa diiradda badan oo ku saabsan West ah.

counterattack ee Jarmalka iyo difaaca ee magaalada jir

Ka dib markii kooxda Jarmalka oklemalis oo helay xoojiyo, wuxuu bilaabay oo baaxad weyn iyo xakamaynta arxan ee kacdoonka Warsaw ah. duulay The tuuray ee la xidhay, kuwaas oo mucaaradka ka caawiyay dhiso dadka rayidka ah, taangiyo iyo qalab. Ka hor duulay waxaa lagu qasbay in ay tagaan dadka aan hubaysnayn, oo waxay isku daba maray iyagii;. gurigii ay jabhada la filayo dalku kor u afuufeen kireystayaasha waxaa jira. Sida ay sheegayaan qiyaasaha hordhaca ah, ee toddobaadkii koowaad ee kacdoonka, dilka ku saabsan 50,000 oo qof oo rayid ah. Waxaan dhihi karnaa in map Warsaw ahaa ka yar laba qaybood, sida ay duminayaa.

maliishiyaad The lagu tuuray City Hore, halkaas oo ay ku ahaayeen ciidamada ugu weyn. Maadaama uu jidadka cidhiidhi ah, dhulka hoostiisa iyo sugnan Poles si ba'an u diriray, guri walba. Oo xagga koonfureedna ee van ahaa cathedral ee, kaas oo socday muddo laba toddobaad ah, halka la isticmaalayo qarxiyay uu ahaa gabi ahaanba aan Halaagnay. In waqooyiga 10 maalmood, waxay ahaayeen dagaalamaya isbitaalka Ian Ilaah. Krasiński madaxtooyada in uu ku yaalay galbeedka ee aagga difaaca maxalliga ah, socday dheer, si oo ku saabsan 5,000 mucaaradka isticmaalaya meelihii dhulka hoostiisa ah ee madaxtooyada, dhaqaaqay degmooyinka kale ee Warsaw.

August 28, by qaadashada counterattack noocan oo kale ah, ku dhowaad dhammaan ciidamada dhuumaalaysiga ah ee degmada jir ah waxaa lagu halligay. askari oo ku dhaawacmay Jarmalka arxan burburiyo taangiyada by. Oo kuwa la qabtay, oo ku saabsan 2,000 oo nin, lagu dilay iyo gubay. September difaaca 2 magaalada jir ah ayaa si buuxda u dhigan.

Aviasnabzhenie

Xitaa ka hor bilowga kacdoonka, dowladda Polish ayaa codsaday gargaar Brotestanka hubka lagama maarmaanka ah. Sidaas daraaddeed, in hore August, diyaaradaha British qaadeen dhowr weera ah. Tiro badan oo diyaarad lagu halligay duulay, qaar ka mid ah dib u salka tegey. gaadiidlayda wax yar uun u suurtagashay in ay duusho in Warsaw iyo lumiyaan miisaan badan. Maaddaama ay sare sare oo rasaas ah in ay Jarmalka ku dhacay, oo kaliya tiro yar oo dibad gaadhay. saamayn weyn ku saabsan xaaladda ma kari suurto gal ah.

Air Force US weyddiiyey saraakiishii oo ka mid ah fasax Midowga Soviet dhulkii ay diyaaradaha ee USSR ee sahay dheeraad ah oo polish ah. Codsiga waxaa lagu diiday. Sababaha diidmada, Xisbi walba uu ku micneeyey si ka duwan. Stalin shaaca ka qaaday in kacdoonkii Warsaw - waa khamaar, iyo inuusan dooneynin inuu ka qeyb qaato waxa ku jira.

duulista Soviet waxay bilaabeen inay taageeraan mucaaradka meel 13 September. Sababo la sii daayo oo rasaas ka meelaha yar yahay, wax ku oolnimada gargaar sida ayaa ka badan oo la taaban karo ka badan Anglo-American. Tan iyo waqti in, diyaaradaha Soviet sameeyey in ka badan boqol weera badan Warsaw.

Wajiga dhexe ee kacdoonkii

September 9 Bor-Komorowski ka dhigaysa isku day the first to xaajooto Jarmalka in ay is dhiibaan. Kuwa jawaab u yabooho in la tixgeliyo Territorial Army askari maxaabiista. Isla mar ahaantaana, Ciidamada Soviet dhigi weerar, taas oo ay sabab u tahay Germany lahaa in ay ka baxaan ka baxsan Vistula ah, gubanaya buundooyinka iyaga ka dambeeya. Rajaynaynin horay dheeraad ah ee ciidamada, oo polish weli diido in ay is dhiibaan oo ay sii wadaan kacdoonka hubeysan. Laakiin 14-kii September Ciidamada Soviet mar kale joojiyay. Sayidka, kacdoonkii in complete go'doominta iyo tiro kooban oo dukaamada bilaabi daadan.

Waayo, mucaaradka ee bartamihii September waxaa go'an oo kaliya dhowr goobood. Daafaha magaalada waxaa jiray halgan ah, guri walba oo dhul kasta oo ka mid ah dalka. Qaybta Polish ciidanka isku dayay in uu ku qasbo ee River Vistula, taasoo keentay in shan batalyan suurtagashay in ay hesho. Nasiib darro, qalabka iyo qalab awood uma yeelan in ay u gudbinayaan, sidaa daraadeed waxa uu ahaa nooca khamaar. September 23 ciidamada cadowga ka xoogbadan tuuray xabbadood dib. askar Polish khasaaraha lacag ku dhowaad 4000 Xarakada. Ka dibna, ciidamada ee qaybo ka mid ah kuwan lagu calaamadeeyo abaalmarinta amarka Soviet for halganka geesinimada.

Guuldaradii iyo raafadiyay

Tagay oo aan taageero caabiyay Brotestanka ma noqon doonto dheer. Tan iyo markii ay 24 September, ciidamada Jarmalka ay weerar ku qaaday Mokotów, kaas oo uu difaacay by seddex maalmood oo kaliya. September 30 duulay adkaaday xarunta ugu dambeeyey ee iska caabin in Żoliborz ah. Bor-Komorowski October 1, amar ku bixiyay in a xabbad-joojin, iyo maalinta ku xigta heshay shuruudaha is dhiibin, kaas oo ku dhowaad si degdeg ah ayaa lagu xadgudbay by duulay Jarmal. Sayidka dhammaaday kacdoonkii Warsaw ah.

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka, ciidanka mucaaradka ah oo polish ah ku waayay qiyaastii 20,000 oo askari, 15,000 oo maxbuus dheeraad ah la geeyay. khasaaraha dadka rayidka ah sida uu ku qiyaasay kala duwan laga bilaabo 150 000 200 000 oo qof. Xitaa 700,000 oo polish saaray Warsaw. khasaaraha Jarmal ahaayeen sida soo socota: 17 000 oo ku dhintay, 5,000 oo dhaawac ah, iyo 300 taangiyada. Waxaa sidoo kale burburiyeen dhowr boqol oo baabuur iyo laba darsin oo qoryaha. Warsaw ee sii daayo yimaado bilood kaliya seddex iyo badh - January 17, 1945. Muddadaas oo dhan waxa ilaa meesha laga galo ciidamada Soviet Jarmalka si nidaamsan halaagnay dhaxalka taariikheed iyo dhaqan ee caasimada Poland. Sidoo kale dadka ka eryay dadka rayidka ah xeryaha fiirsashada iyo shaqada lagu qasbay in Germany.

Warsaw kacdoonkii la murugga ka mid ah nooc oo kala duwan oo dhan waa mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka ugu naxdinta lahaa dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka oo muddo ku adag tahay dadka reer Poland. axmaqnimo ee Jarmalka inta lagu guda jiro xakamaynta ee iska caabin ah kala dhex maray oo dhan gudbee. Jarmal Empire, dareemay dhow dhamaadka, ay go'aansadeen in ay qaataan on polish ah, ka dhulka dushiisa ku tirtirto Warsaw, wada jir ah ula tiro badan oo ah dadka deggan. Nasiib darro, siyaasiyiinta halis ah oo dadka awood u leeyihiin, marnaba ku fekerin leh nolosha dadka caadiga ah, wax badan Bole ay opinion. Ha muddo kasta oo kale ee taariikhda, sida kacdoonka Warsaw ah, bari doonaa aadanaha in ay ka doodaan kasta oo kale oo maqsuud nolosha nabad ah.