Waa maxay golaha wasiirada ka mid ah curiosities? Description, taariikhda iyo casriga

"Waxaad noqon doontaa in St. Petersburg, xaqiiji inaad booqato Kunstkammer ah!" - eray kala tagii ku dhaco shir kasta oo dalxiis, booqdaha ee caasimada waqooyiga. Waa maxay golaha wasiirada ka mid ah curiosities? Dad badan oo waa erey la xidhiidha wax aan caadi ahayn, dhif ah oo cajiib ah. Waxa dhabasho ka maalmood jiray, wax fog ...

article The Caddaynay waxa curiosities, taariikhda Abuurkiisa oo xaaladda hadda jirta.

fikradda

Waxaa jira legend ah in Peter waxaan halka ku dul socda jasiiradda Vasilyevsky arkay laba geed cajiib ah: isku laan ku bartey inexplicably magooshay dhex jirridda kale. Tani hannaankii aan caadi ahayn xusuustay Emperor jilcanyihiin. Waxa uu u maleeyay of Sheekadaas ka ah in dhowr sano markii ay booqaneysay ergo diblomaasiyadeed ee 1697-1698 sannad xisaabeedka. England iyo Holland. Oo haddana wuxuu la kulmay waxa loogu yeero "Golaha wasiirrada ee curiosities" ee gobta ahaa, halkaas oo ay xajin jiray cayn kasta oo diva: zaspirtovannye jidhkooda, xayawaanka cufan, ururinta a cayayaan dhif. Kuwaasu waxay ahaayeen Kunstkammer ugu horeysay. Eraygii ka Jarmal turjumay ka dhigan tahay "Qolka tahay".

History of abuurka ee Russia

Peter jeclaa qol cajiib ah u badan, in ka dib markii guriga soo laabtay, isagoo ah kii kowaad ilaa heshiis la mid ah ka mid ah golaha wasiirada ka qaaday madaxtooyada. In Holland, waxa uu bartay karinayo of eedayn ah, 30 000 guilders Dutch ayaa helay oo dhan "xafiiska Ruysch". In mustaqbalka, ma skimp, iibsado buugag Qaranimo dhif ah, alaabtii, qalab kala duwan, artifacts gaar ah iyo yaabab dabiiciga ah ee dibadda. Ka dib markii uu soo saaray amar ah sida uu sheegay taas oo qof kasta ayaa laga helay wax aan caadi ahayn ama dhif ah, Waxaan u lahaa in ay u gudbin abuurka "curiosities golaha wasiirada". Laga soo bilaabo dhammaan daafaha Empire badan Ruush ee xafiiska bilaabay inuu ido u alaabta la yaab leh. Si dhakhso ah ay u noqdaan kuwo si badan in aanay la geeyaa xarunta madaxtooyada. Inta badan lahaa in lagu kaydiyaa, guryihii gaar ah, aad u xanaaqsan Peter, kuwaas oo ahaa diyaar u ah inay ku riday oo dhan curiosities la soo bandhigay.

Ka dib kala iibsiga ee caasimada ka Moscow si St. Petersburg oo u dhaqaaqay degenaansho cusub, Peter waxaan u dhaqaaqay meel cusub iyo curiosities ay. Si ku meelgaar ah, wuxuu fadhiisiyey ku Palace ee ceebeedka Boyar Kikin, kuwaas oo la musaafuriyay ka caasimadda la wareegid hantida loogu talagalay ka qeyb qaadanaya shirqoolay gooyo. Markaasaa boqorkii amray, "Kikin Chambers" inuu u soo yeedho on dhaqan shisheeye "Golaha Wasiirada ee curiosities". Tani waxay dhacday 1714. Sannadkan, oo aan ku dhashay galay dunida curiosities Ruush horeysay kuwaas oo sawir hadda waa hubaal guide kasta Peter.

dhismaha dhismayaasha

Peter ayaa ururinta si degdeg ah u koray. In 1717, mar Holland ayaa gebi ahaanba helay by account SEB 15 kun. Guilders Dutch. Si dhakhso ah qiimaha oo dhan isuguma iman karaan iyo "Kikin Chambers." Si aad meel curiosities ay iyada oo suurtagal ah ee soo bandhigeen oo dhan doonaya ashtakooday boqorka amar ku bixiyay in dhismaha dhismaha gaar ah. Waayo, isaga go'doonsan meel aqoonyahanada on arrow ee Vasilevsky Island u dhow gurigii boqorka ee iyo hay'adaha muhiim ah gobolka.

Mashruucan ayaa waxaa la sameeyey by dhise Mattarnovi. Dhagaxii kuwa ugu horreeya ee mustaqbalka matxafka caanka ah waxaa la aasaasay bishii July 1718. Later on dhismaha ka mid sayid caan ah sida Gerbel, Zemtsov iyo Kiaveri.

furitaanka Grand ee Kunstkammer la qabtay bishii November 1728, halka shaqada ku dhameysteen dhamaaday kaliya ee 1734

Si ka duwan kunstkamery Ruush ka Yurub

The "golaha wasiirada ee curiosities" horeysay soo baxday in Europe inta lagu guda jiro Renaissance ee 15-16 qarniyo. Waa maxay golaha wasiirada ka mid ah curiosities, tirsan amiir u barwaaqo ah, kuwaas oo ujeedada ahayd in la soo jiito martida? Waxa kaliya ururinta qasay.Shacabka ayaa ah wax dhif ah oo aan caadi ahayn, cadeeynaayo "waxbaridda" oo ka mid ah milkiilaha.

Peter ayaa sidoo kale curiosities iyo kor lagu sharaxay, markii hore ma uuraysatay sida guuto ah khasnadaha, laakiin sida ururinta a of artifacts xiiso uma shaqayn karo sidii ujeeddooyin waxbarasho iyo sayniska. Kaydinta iyo habaynta qiyamka ayaa ku aaminay in ay dadka loo iftiimiyey. Waqtiyo kala duwan, agaasimayaasha ama shaqaalaha ah "Golaha wasiirrada ee Peter" ahaayeen Baiburin, Barthold, Gumilyov, Lomonosov, Struve, Sternberg, Pallas, Severgin iyo aqoonyahanno kale. Waxay soo ururiyay wax ka badan oo kala duwan - ma aha oo kaliya fool xun, ama curiosities madadaalo, laakiin waxyaabaha aad maalin kasta in ay leeyihiin ahmiyad kaladuwan oo taariikhi ah oo weyn, oo qiimo leh ee dareenka sayniska ururinta cayayaanka, shimbiraha cufan, xamaarato, kalluunka iyo xayawaanka, abuuray waaxaha ah jidh iyo mineralogical.

Ka dib markii abuurka Academy Ruush ee Sciences ee 1724, ilaha ugu weyn ee badalkooda golaha wasiirada ee curiosities ayaa waxyaabaha keenay guutadii wax cilmi ah Miller, Krasheninnikov, Messershmity, Lisiansky, Maclay, Bellingshausen, Kruzenshtern.

Waa maxay golaha wasiirada ka mid ah curiosities Ruush? Waa matxaf, mid ka mid ah ugu taajirsan ugu da'da weyn oo dunida oo dhan, ishaartay of Academy Ruush ee Sciences.

xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

Laga soo bilaabo maalinta ugu horeysa ee curiosities, sawir ka mid ah ayaa hoos siiyey, si Butros la ii furay in dhammaan dadka xiiseynaya. kormeerka ee soo bandhigaa Entry oo ahaa free.

Peter waxaan abuuray waaxda a mid aan caadi aheyn in museum, kuwaas oo soo bandhigaa yihiin xayawaanka iyo dadka qaba cilladaha lagu dhasho - Cyclops, dad badan oo hubaysan, seeriga ee syndrome iyo cilladaha kale. Oo waxaa aan dawo kaliya jirkooda iyo waxa u dhexecya, laakiin sidoo kale in ay ku noolaadaan dwarves, wuxuush iyo wuxuush ku nool matxafka kharash ku khasnadda dadweynaha.

Emperor The ogaa dhul kasta oo ka mid ah ururinta "wejiga" oo ahaa aad u fiican oo ku farxay ah iyaga oo u sheegay in ay la fadhiyey aawadood.

Maanta, matxafka ayaa 1.2 million. Bandhigaa!