The "degsiimooyinka military" Arakcheev: dibuhabaynta oo ka mid ah faa'iidada iyo khasaaraha

degsiimooyinka Military jirey ee Russia in muddada u dhaxaysa 1810 ilaa 1857, nidaamka loo qorsheeyay in ay bixiyaan reserve ciidanka ay dhacdo in dagaalka. Its hirgelinta is khilaafeen madmadowga oo badan oo laalaab.

shuruudaha

The degsiimooyinka military ugu horeysay jirey in Russia muddo dheer ka hor I. Alexander In qarniyo XVII-XVIII ay u muuqday oo ku taalla daafaha gobolka in ay ka guuraa, kuwaas oo ku noolaa in ay koonfurta iyo bariga xuduudaha dalka ee loo ilaaliyo dadka rayidka ah ee. Waqtiyo kala duwan, wax badan oo ka mid ah degsiimooyinka military ahaayeen on Volga ah, ee u dhow ee Orenburg iyo Caucasus. Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid dhamaadka boqortooyada Catherine Great la kala diro. Askariga lagu qoro ciidamada Cossack. Qof ayaa ku biireen dadka magaalooyinka caadiga ah.

Marka awood u yimid 1801, Alexander I, wuxuu go'aansaday inuu ku laabto nidaamka jir ciidanka (kaliya qaab updated, iyo ujeedooyin kale). kaari Chief of dib u habaynta ahaa ayaa boqorkii u magacaabay in uu qiyaas - Tiri Alekseya Arakcheeva. Grandee markii hore ma xitaa rabto kor u qaado taas aawadeed, laakiin weli ku heshiiyeen, ka baqaya haddii kale in ay lumiyaan sidaas muhiim u ah isaga in ay saameyn ku boqor dhallinyarada.

Magacaabista degsiimooyinka military

Maxaad u waxyoonay by degsiimooyinka military? Wuxuu arakcheev ka dib markii uu Boqortooyada hagayay aragnimada Prussian. Waxaa jira nidaam iyo sidoo kale-saxar ah Reserve ciidanka, kuwaas oo loo adeegsan jiray in ay dhacdo isku dhac baaxad weyn.

Waa badalkooda ay si degdeg ah ciidamo deg-deg ah iyo degsiimooyinka military ee loo baahan yahay. Arakcheev, weliba, oo wuxuu lahaa oo ay u bixiyaan nidaamka Alexander Pavlovich, taas oo uga takhalusi lahaa dalka ee qasabka ah huriye.

miisaaniyadda Help

Haddii guul, dib u habaynta khasnadda ku badbaadin karin on diyaarinta dayactir. Dhab ahaantii, waxa uu ahaa ayna ka, si ay u buuxiyaan miisaaniyadda. boqor waxa uu doonayay inuu-qeybiso lacagaha la sii daayay oo u soo dir isbedel ku beeraha. First of dhan, Alexander ayaa ka walaacsan in ay furto yaroow ka mulkiilayaasha iyo caawin iyaga laga takhaluso serfdom (ka dib ay ahayd oo kaliya in Mareykanka Baltic iyo Finland).

Maxaa kale oo jiray si ay u caawiyaan degsiimooyinka military Arakcheev? Sannad ka sannad, madaxda hoose ciidamada ayaa weli u baaba'aya xaaladda dhaqaale oo liita iyo go'doon ka qoyska. dibuhabaynta waa daaweyso xaaladda noocan ah. In dejinta military oo afar askari ah, ma aha oo kaliya si ay ugu adeegaan dalka, laakiin sidoo kale ku dhow ku noolaa isaga iyo qoyskiisa, waqti isku mid ah isagoo beeraha u gaar ah. Waxa ay u ogolaataa qoyska si ay u galaan in beerista ee dalka, dalagyada sii kordhaya, iyo D. Iyadoo dhaqanka habboon ee askari beeraha hoosaad isagu xaq buu isu quudiyaan laga yaabaa sidaas on., Xataa hawlgabka.

Bilowgii dibuhabaynta

In 1810 yimid degsiimooyinka military ugu horeysay. Arakcheev doortay mashruuca bandhig guutada musketeer gobolka Mogilev. Tiri qudhiisu horumariyo qorshe dejinta, diyaarinta sawiro iyo wixii la mid ah. D. An feature muhiim ah oo dib u habaynta ku ahaa in yaroow, kaasoo markii hore ku noolaa dhulka, meeshaas waxaa ku yiil askari oo ahaa amarkii Dowladda raray gobolka koonfurta.

Sida laga soo xigtay qorshaha, kaliya madaxda hoose (isdhawra, iyo saraakiil non-wakiishay) degeen degsiimooyin military. Arakcheev amray in ay bilaabaan in ay doortaan kaliya askarta ugu fiican ee heer wanaagsan. Sida dhaqaalaha ahaayeen inuu hogaamiyo qoyska ee ka jirta Deeganadaas cusub tegey shaqaalaha inta badan guursan. guur-yar oo lagu amray in midawgoodu uu la soo ridayeen a degaanka. In dhammaan this dowladda xitaa siiyey caydha si ay ugu saboolsan ee sida gaarka ah, si ay u guursan karaan iyo wax yar soo iibinno beerahooda. Maaliyadda ayaa sidoo kale la wadaago qalabka beeraha, miraha iyo xoolaha nool.

From muuqaalka kore ee qorshaha warqad qaar ka mid ah qiyaas Alexander dissuaded in la sameeyo ganay this, laakiin gooyo dhab ah shaaca ka qaaday (in uu ahaa aan caadi ahayn isaga, waayo, intuu dhallinyar yahay). boqor ayaa rajeynayay in la aasaaso degsiimooyinka military, fasalka bulsho cusub oo ka dhex muuqan doonaa Russia, taas oo gacan ka geysan doonto dib u habaynta deeqsi ah xoogga loo qorsheeyay.

Ka dib markii dagaalkii of 1812

Sababtoo ah ee dagaalkii la raadiyo ee 1812 hordhaca ah ee degsiimooyinka military waxaa hakiyey. Arakcheev ahaa awoodaan in ay waaqiciga la arko sida uu guutada of Mogilev, marka hore si ay u tijaabiso dibuhabaynta, diriray hore. Waxaa ka mid ahaa in ciidanka. Marka badbaaday askartii ay dejinta military ku soo laabtay, waxaa soo baxay in la bililiqeystey by yaroow. Intaa waxaa dheer, ka darajo iyo file ahaayeen beeralayda saboolka ah. Iyagu ma ay barteen si ay shuqulka beeraha.

Maaliyadda bilaabay inuu xanuunsado khasaare halis ah. Markaas Emperor ay go'aansatay in ay wax ka bedesho degsiimooyinka Arakcheev military. Marka la soo koobo, waxay ku jiifsatay xaqiiqada ah in ka joogo maamulka joogsadeen inay saaro qastaan, ka hor inta ku nool dalka, halkaas oo mar degay guutada. Waxaa intaa dheer, ee tuulada degaanka aan ka tagay oo kaliya in meelaha ay hooyo, laakiin sidoo kale ku qoran dejinta a military. Waxaa loo oggol yahay in la simi xaglo dhaqaale - dhaqaalaha bilaabay inuu dhali dalagga hodan oo ka tagay in ay isku-filnaanshaha.

shaqo guri

Under xeerarka qoysaska askarta ay lahaayeen in ay qaataan kala bar goosanayeen in ay fund guud (kale ee ay ka gudbaan kari at go'aankeeda u gaar ah). Beeraha hortagi xeerarka adag, kaas oo ku salaysan qalad Arakcheeva shaqada on dhulka.

Maamulka ayaa isku dayaya in ay caawiyaan askartii siyaabo kala duwan. Tusaale ahaan, in dejinta saaray degay Jarmal in hantiyeen khibrad farsamo ee loo baahan yahay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xitaa talo ay saameyn lahayn. By dhamaadka boqortooyada Alexander I, degsiimooyinka sanadkiiba siiyo 35 million rubles dakhliga, halka khasnadda la qaatay iyaga 26. on Laakiin heerkaan ka gaaray waxa ciidanka ma aha ilaa iyo dhamaadka kharashka Mans.

Muddada madaxda hoose ee nolosha

dibuhabaynta caanka ah ee degsiimooyinka military Arakcheev qeexay heshiis cusub oo afar askari ah adeeg. deggan ka mid ah degaannada miyiga ka fariisan doono ka dib markii 45 sano. Haddii si dhab ah uu ku dhaawacmay dagaal, nin aqoonsaday dheefaha uu dalku naafada ah oo aad hesho.

Haddii tuuladiisa lahaa carruurta aan lahayn dalka, u adeega ee ciidanka, ayuu u siin doono dalka, taas oo uu ka dhaxlay gobolka. Dadka naafada ah shuqulladiisii dhulka la sii daayay, laakiin waxay shaqo ah sida gabadh bikrad ah oo isbitaalada iyo xarumaha kale ee dadweynaha, halkaas oo ay shaqo keeni kara lacagta bulshada helay.

Madaxdannadii iyo Relationships askari

Maxaa kale oo ay astaan u samaynta degsiimooyinka military? AA Arakcheev ku adkeystay on xaqiiqada ah in nolosha dadka deegaanka ay u lahaa in ay si buuxda nidaaminaya. Inta badan xadgudubyada yaryar ee qaynuunnadayda iyo xeerarka kale ee daran (oo ay ku jiraan barbarta ciqaabta jirka).

All shaqeeyaan dalka gacanta maamulka. Sidaas daraaddeed sida dadka waaweyn sababta oo ah jadwalka dhagan ma haysan waqti si loo baro farcankiis, carruurta ayaa sidoo kale inta badan oo hoos timaad maamulka gobolka (ee dugsiyada iyo machadyada kale ee gaarka ah). Isagoo gabdho koray in ay guursadaan sida ay go'aanka maamulka.

Maamulka iyo Saraakiisha khilaafeen laaluushka iyo wax qabad la'aanta ay u dhexgalin su'aasha ah ee beeraha. Waxa ay ahayd dhibaato systemic. Abuurista degsiimooyinka military ugu horeysay hoos imaanaya hoggaanka Arakcheev keentay in xaaladda noocan oo kale ah, sababta oo ah uma xisaabo sidii ay kaaliyeyaasha uu toona ma la dagaallamay dhaqanka sharci darro ah oo Madaxdannadii. Sidaas darteed, askartii waxay bilaabeen inay koraan carada.

rabshado

Si dagaallo badan oo keenay in la aasaaso degsiimooyinka military. Arakcheev ee 1831, uu ka helay fariin sheegaysa in dhirifka bilaabay ee gobolka Novgorod. Askarta iyo ka hor in ay ahaayeen ku qanacsanayn maamulka, laakiin hadda waxaa ay ka soo horjeedaan in ay hubka maamulka ee. Sababta ay kordheen xiisadda ahaa cudurka Daacuun ah. Mas'uuliyiintu, si looga hortago faafidda cudurkan, ayaa xiray dhamaan wadooyinka ee guud ahaan Yurub Russia.

wararka xanta bilaabay faafo ballaaran degsiimooyinka military in maamulka laftiisa si gaar ah cudurka askari, khubad ka kibis iyo biyo. rabshado Daacuunka ka qarxay Staraya Calcio Poli. First, maamulka wahsan jawaabay dhacdada, iyagoo rumaysan in rugo askareed maxaliga ah isu qabsadaan qanacsanayn. Dhab ahaantii, kaliya fallaago ah koray. Bishii Agoosto 1831 in xakamaynta ee rabshadihii ka qeyb galay ciidanka joogto ah. Ka dib markii rabshadaha ayaa cadaadis Axdigu, xarig ku bilaabay. In ka badan saddex kun oo qof ayaa lagu xukumay.

ah ee degmooyinka

Alexander I ee 1825 dhintay, laakiin uu iyo walaalkiisii yaraa, Nicholas I, in kasta oo ay dubiousness ee dibuhabaynta oo dhan, ay go'aansadeen in ay sii degsiimooyinka military. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa uu ogaaday in qalabka waa degsiimooyinka military si buuxda oo aan ku filnayn. Bilowga oo boqortooyadiisa ayuu loo sameeyey si loo horumariyo mashruuca oo ah isbadal.

Sidaas darteed, in 1831 (sida uu amarka ugu sareeya gooyo), degsiimooyinka hore ee ciidamada ayaa lagu beddelaa askari Degmada. Waxay joogsadeen inay tahay hantida of regiments ah. Askarta ayaa degay degmooyinka sida xeerarka doaleksandrovskim. Tusaale ahaan: in ay Novgorod gobolka 14 degmo oo cusub. Dibuhabaynta ayaa waxaa inta badan loo Yeedhiyaa by rabshadaha daacuunka dhawaan maray.

baabiiyo ee degsiimooyinka military

In 1855 wuxuu bilaabay boqornimadii Alexander II. Boqortooyada in ay awood u yimid in xaalad adag. Russia badiyay War Crimean ah, oo loo qorsheeyay dhibaatooyinka dhaqaale ee dalka. Alexander aabihiis Nicholas waxaan ahaa kala duwan oo aad u muxaafidka ah. In ka badan soddon sannadood oo boqornimadiisa, ayuu ku dhowaad ma beddeli gobolka iyo qaab-dhismeedka ciidamada ee dalka. Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan, hababka horumartay by Alexander I, huriye. Inta badan, waayo, taas, oo ay ku wayday War Crimean ah.

Ka mid ah, kuwaas oo Zaman jir ah oo duqoobay oo characters waxay ahaayeen degsiimooyinka military Arakcheev. Faa'iidada iyo khasaaraha nidaamka ayaa lagu amray in ay bartaan si faahfaahsan sarkaal iyo qoraa Dmitry Stolypin. Waayo, kanu, ayuu u tegey Caucasus, halkaas oo wakhtigaas ahaa degsiimooyinka military ugu weyn. Isbatooraha The arkay sawirka ugu gataan. dadka deegaanka ku noolaa xaalad aad u hawadu, badan oo xitaa ma xoolo. The dhismayaasha da'doodu u baahan yahay dayactir in khasnadda awoodi kari waayay. In si kale loo dhigo, dhaqaalaha ee deegaanada ciidamada ahaayeen wax tar lahayn, oo waxay noqdeen culays dhaqaale. Stolypin Laabashada St. Petersburg, la wadaago indhaynta uu la dhigtay boqorkii. In 1857, Alexander II go'aansaday in la joojiyo degsiimooyinka military. Sayidka, degsiimooyinka military qabyo Arakcheeva jireen 47 sano.