Taariikhda horumarka korontada. The saynisyahano kuwaas oo ka qayb qaatay horumarka ka jira injineerrada korontada, iyo waxay Been Abuuran

Korontada - beerta aad u badan ee aqoonta, oo ay ku jiraan wax kasta oo ku xiran yahay iyadoo la isticmaalayo tamarta korontada. Tani qorsheyaasha horumarinta, qalabka, qalabka iyo qaybaha, iyo daraasadda of ifafaale electromagnetic iyo isticmaalka wax ku ool ah. Baaxadda injineernimada korontada - dhammaan meelaha nolosheena.

Sida ay u dhan bilaabay

History of Development korontada si adag lala Dadka uu taariikhda horumarka oo dhan. Dadka xiiseynaya dhacdo dabeeci ah, oo ayan iyagu sheegi karay. History of Development korontada - isku day si joogta ah inuu ku soo celiyo waxa ka dhacaya hareerihiisa ku wareegsan.

Baadhitaanka ayaa socday muddo qarniyo badan iyo dad badan. Laakiin keliya qarnigii toddoba iyo taariikhda injineernimada korontada bilaabay ay tirec isticmaalka hesho aqoonta dhabta ah aadanaha iyo xirfadaha.

aragti

The saynisyahano kuwaas oo ka qayb qaatay horumarka ka jira injineerrada korontada - waa kumanaan iyo kumanaan magacyada, oo kulligood wada ahaa in this article aan la cayimay karaa. Laakiin waxaa jira shakhsi, kuwaas oo cilmi-baaris ku caawiyey inuu dunida ka dhigi jidka ay hadda tahay.

taariikhda sheegayaan in: mid ka mid ah kuwa marka hore Siibay fiiro in ka dib markii ku xoqeen ayay cadaatay oo ka dhan ah dhogor idaad, waxay sawiri kartaa shay, wuxuu ahaa Faylasuuf Giriig ah Zowjada of Mileetos. tijaabo ayuu qaadeen in BC qarnigii toddobaad. No gunaanad asaasiga ah, nasiib daro, ma uu samayn kareen. Laakiin oo dhan galku uu uu si taxadar leh ayaa la duubay oo lagu kala qaado farcankiisa.

Magaca socda ee liiska "saynisyahano, injineerada korontada iyo waxay Been Abuuran" shuruud u muuqday oo kaliya ee 1663, iyadoo magaalada ah ee Magdeburg Otto Fon Gerike loogu talagalay mishiinka, kaas oo kubad aan kaliya soo jiidan kara, laakiin kada ah shay.

saynisyahano caan

Ka dibna, Home Electronics saaray sida saynisyahano si fiican u yaqaan, sida:

• Stiven Gray, kuwaas oo lagu sameeyay tijaabo on gudbinta korontada ka badan meel fog. Natiijadan ayaa waxa uu cilmi-baarista ahaa soo gunaanaday in walxaha awoodda gudbiyo oo kala duwan.
• Sharl Dyufe, kuwaas oo soo jeediyay aragtida ah oo ka mid ah noocyada kala duwan ee korontada.
• Holland Pieter van Musschenbroek. Waxa uu noqday condenser been abuurtay caan ah.
• Si firfircoon uga bartay ifafaale Georg Richman iyo Mikhail Lomonosov.
• Benjamin Franklin. Ninkan hoos ugu tegey, taariikhda sida hindisa ah ushii hillaac.
• Luigi Galvani.
• Vasily Petrov.
• Sharl Kulon.
• Hans Oersted.
• Alessandro kooxda Fluminense bisha.
• Andre Ampere.
• Maykl Faradey, iyo kuwo kale oo badan.

energetics

Korontada - sayniska oo ka kooban afar qaybood ee ugu horeysay oo salka kaas oo awood u. Waa sayniska ee qarniga, gudbinta iyo isticmaalka tamarta. Dadka waxa ay awood u guul leh u isticmaali technology this si ay u isticmaalaan oo keliya in qarnigii 19aad.

batari heer hoose ah u ogolaanaya qalab in ay ka shaqeeyaan oo kaliya in muddo ah, oo aan ka dhergin dhulka la dhigin ee saynisyahano. alifay ee noocooda ugu horeysay ee matoor ku noqday Hungarian Anosh Ányos Jedlik ee 1827. Nasiib darro, saynisyahan farcankaaga ay xiranayo, oo magiciisiina wuxuu weli kaliya ee buugaagta taariikhda.

Dynamo Later modified Ippolit Piksi. qalab waa mid fudud: stator in abuuraa beer joogto magnetic, iyo set oo ah windings.

History of injineernimada korontada iyo horumarinta tamarta ma aan samayn karo oo aan sheegin magaca Michael Faraday. Waxa uu ahaa kii been abuurtay matoor ugu horeeyay, taas oo loo ogol yahay in ay soo gudbiyaan danab hadda oo joogto ah. Ka dibna, habab lagu soo hagaagtay Shtererom Emile Henry Wilde, garaam Zenobia.

DC

In 1873 at saaxiibtinimo taasoo ka dhacday Vienna si cad ayaa loo soo bandhigay by furitaanka ee bamka ka mishiinka, oo ku yaalla ka badan hal kiiloomitir ka fog.

Korontada si kalsooni leh u qabsadaan, adduunka oo dhan. Dadka noqday waxyaabaha la heli karo sida hore aan la garanayn oo cusub sida telegaraafka, motor korontada ee gawaarida iyo maraakiibta, nalalka magaalooyinka. dynamos weyn sii kordheysa loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka ee hadda korontada on scale warshadaha. magaalooyinka ayaa bilaabay in ay u muuqdaan ah trams hore iyo trolleybuses. Fikradda ah DC ballaaran u fulin saynisyahan caan Thomas Edison. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, technology this lahaa ayna duleella ay.

Engineering korontada teori qoraallada waxbarasho ee loogu tala galay oo daboolaya tirada ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah ee degsiimooyinka aadanaha iyo dhulal la korontada. Laakiin DC waxay leedahay kala duwan oo aad u yar - laba ama saddex kiiloomitir, markaas khasaare weyn bilaabay. factor muhiimka ah ee kala guurka ah si ay hadda talantaalli ah mashiinada steel iyo dhinacyada guud ahaan, baaxadda warshad hufan.

Nikola Tesla

Aasaasihii of technology cusub waxaa loo arkaa inay saynisyahan a Serbian Nikola Tesla. naftiisa oo dhan wuxuu u huray in daraasadda awoodda AC, waxay wareejiyo meel fog. Korontada (bilowga ah waa dhab xiiso leh) waxaa la dhisay on mabaadi'da asaasiga ah. Maanta, guriga kasta waxay leedahay mid ka mid ah curiyay ee cilmiga weyn.

alifay siiyey matoorrada multiphase dunida, ee motor induction, counter ah iyo waxay Been Abuuran kale oo badan. Ka dib markii sano oo shaqo ah in telegaraafka ah, shirkadda telefoonka, shaybaar Edison iyo markii danbe ee shirkadaha ay Tesla ahaa waayo-aragnimo weyn oo ay sabab u tahay tirada badan oo tijaabo.

Dadka, nasiib darro, ma helin toban meelood oo meel daahfurtay sayniska. The milkiilayaasha kayd shidaal ayaa si xoog leh ka soo hor jeedday kacaanka korontada qaab kasta la heli karo iyaga si ay isugu dayaan in ay joojiyaan in ay horumar.

Sida laga soo xigtay warar xan ah, Nicola ahaa awoodaan si ay u abuuraan oo ay joojiyaan duufaanada, gudbiyaan koronto la'aan fiilooyin in dhibic kasta oo dunida dacaladeeda, teleported markabka, iyo xataa xanaajiyeen dayrta ee meteorite ee Siberia. nin aad u caadi ahayn waxa uu ahaa.

Sida ka leexatay, Nicola ahaa xaq, sharad AC. injineernimada korontada (gaar ahaan bilowga ah) horeysay sheegaye ku saabsan mabaadi'da uu. Waxa uu ahaa xaq, korontada in lagu quudin kartaa kun oo miles isticmaalaya kirishbooyada kaliya. In the case of joogto ah "walaalo" awoodda loo baahan yahay in laba ama saddex kiiloomitir kasta. Intaa waxaa dheer, waa in si joogto ah loo dayactiro.

Si aad u taariikhda, DC weli ka tagay qolka gaadiidka korontada - taraamo, basas gaariga, tareen korontada, warshadaha matoorada, batari, xeedho. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, la siiyo horumarinta technology, waxay u badan tahay in "postoyanke" ugu dhakhsaha badan noqon doonaan oo keliya bogagga taariikhda.

electromechanics

Qaybaha labaad korontada oo sharxayaa mabda'a diinta tamarta si farsamaysan galay tamarta korontada iyo qeybsanaan ku xigeenka, waxa loo yaqaan electromechanics ah.

The dunida yavivshim saynisyahan ugu horeysay shaqada on electromechanics, wuxuu ahaa saynisyahan a Swiss Engelbert Arnold, kuwaas oo in 1891 la daabacay khuseeya oo ku aragti iyo design for windings mishiinka. Ka dibna, natiijooyinka sayniska dunida buuxsameen Blondel cilmi Vidmar, Kostenko, Dreyfus Tolvinskogo, Circle Park.

In 1942, ee Hungarian-American Gabriel Kron ugu danbeyn si loo qorsheeyo aragtida guud ee dhammaan mashiinada korantada iyo sidaas isu geeyo dadaalka cilmi badan ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay.

Electromechanics riyaaqay xiiso xasiloon saynisyahano adduunka oo dhan, oo markaas ka sameynaaya cilmiga sida electrodynamics (baarayaa xiriirka ka mid ah ifafaale korontada iyo magnetic), farsamo (waxbarashada mooshinka ka mid ah meydadka iyo isdhexgalka u dhaxeeya), oo kulul Physics (saldhig awood af, thermodynamics, kulaylka iyo kala iibsiga mass ) iyo kuwo kale.

Dhibaatada ugu weyn ee in la soo bartay qaabka guud ee cilmi baarista waa waxbarashada iyo horumarinta ee gudbiyeyaasha, qoqobada field magnetic, load hadda toosan, si joogto ah Arnold. Mowduucyada - mashiinada korantada iyo asynchronous, noocyada kala duwan ee gudbiyeyaasha.

postulates Electromechanics

Saddexda caqiidada ugu weyn ee Electromechanics yihiin sharciyada:

• induction electromagnetic Faraday;
• hadda guud si Bannaanka magnetic;
• Ciidamada electromagnetic (sidoo kale loo yaqaan sharciga Ampere ee).

Sidaas darteed, saynisyahano cilmi, koronto, waxaa la cadeeyay in tamarta aan la dhaqaajin karin oo aan khasaaro, mashiinada oo dhan ku shaqeeyaan laga yaabaa in hab motor iyo matoor, iyo in beeraha rotor iyo stator waxaa had iyo jeer go'an loo eego midba midka kale.

formula aasaasiga ah waa isla'egta:

• baabuur koronto;
• windings danab kortay of mashiinada korantada,
• Xuddunta electromagnetic.

Hab kontaroolo Automatic

Direction ciday ku caan ah ka dib markii ay caddaatay in guusha mishiinnada bedeli karo shaqada aadanaha.

control Automatic - awood u leh inay isku dubaridi howlgalka aaladaha kale ama xitaa nidaamyada oo dhan. Buuxsan, by heerkulka, xawaaraha, dhaqdhaqaaqa iyo xawaaraha xaglaha dhaqdhaqaaqa. Khalkhalgelinta la fulin karo in hab automatic buuxa, iyo ka qaybgalka qofka.

Mashiinka koowaad ee noocan oo kale ah la oran karo waa unug, loogu talagalay by Charles Bebidzhem. Iyada oo taageero ka macluumaadka ku jira kaararka tasoo ah waxaa laga yaabaa in ay gacanta ku bamka taasi oo ka engine shiilayo.

computer hore waxaa lagu qeexay in qoraalladii ardayba, Irish Percy Ludgate, kaas oo la soo bandhigay dadweynaha ee 1909.

Qalabka computer Analog muuqday wax yar ka hor ka dillaacay ee dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka. Colaad dhowr hakad horumarinta warshadaha this ididiilo.

noocooda hore ee computer-ka casriga ah waxaa la abuuray by Konrad Jarmal ah Zuse 1938.

Si aad u taariikhda, nidaamka gacanta si toos ah, sida lagu uuraysan of by alifay si guul bedeli aadanaha ee warshadaha, shuqulka ugu sugeysayna oo khatar ah.

korantada

Tallaabada xigta ee horumarinta steel korontada, qalabka elektarooniga ah in times a billion more dhabta badan dhigooda analog yihiin.

The been abuurtay horeysay Jarmal ugu caansan waa mashiin cipher "arkaan". Ka dibna - ku gartaan qalabka electronic British oo isku dayeen in ay xaliyaan codes sir ah.

Markaasaa waxaa kalkuleytarrada iyo kombiyuutarrada.

Marka marxaladdan hadda nolosha la xidhiidha qalabka korontada telefoonada iyo kiniiniyada. Iyo waxa ay noqon doontaa horumarinta our qalabka berri, waxaan u malayn karaa oo keliya. Laakiin saynisyahano habeen oo kaliya iyo maalin shaqeeya in uu na wada yaabin iyo nolol u xiiso badan oo si fudud loo aamusin.