General Dmitry Karbyshev, Hero of Midowga Soofiyeeti: Biography A. Feat of General Karbysheva

Future Hero of the Soviet Union Dmitry Karbyshev waxa uu ku dhashay 1880 in Omsk. Oo isna wuxuu lahaa asal ahaan laandheere: aabbihiis soo shaqeeyay sarkaal militari. Marka madaxa qoyska Dhicis dhintay, ilmuhu wuxuu jiray 12 jir ah iyo daryeelka ay u saaran garbaha hooyo ku dhacay.

carruurnimada

Qoyska iska leh xididdada Tatar oo waxaa iska lahaa kooxda Qabiil iyo Diin Kryashens anfici Asalraacnimadu, in kasta oo ay asal ahaan Turkic. Dmitry Karbyshev sidoo kale waxay lahayd walaal ka weyn. In 1887 wuxuu la xiray ka qayb dhaqdhaqaaqa kacaan ardayda ee Jaamacadda Kazan. Vladimir ayaa la xiray, iyo qoyska laftiisa laga helay Doolaal oo ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Dmitry Karbyshev dhammayn arday Siberian ee Corps sababtoo ah talanti iyo dadaalka awoodo. Ka dib markii machadkan waxbarasho raacay dugsiga injineernimada Nikolaev. Waxa kale oo askari dhalinyaro ah isu muujiyey. Karbyshev loo diray soohdintu waxay u Manchuria, halkaas oo uu noqday mid ka mid ah madaxdii ee shirkadda, ayaa mas'uul ka ah telegraphy.

Adeeggu wuxuu ciidanka Imperial

Habeeynimadii of War Ruushka-Japanese, oo ah sarkaal ka yar heshay darajo ee Sarreeye. Tan iyo bilowgii dagaalka hubaysan, Dmitry Karbyshev waxaa loo diray si ay u baaraan. Waxa uu u bannaysay isgaarsiinta, mas'uul ka ah xaaladda buundooyinka ee ku hor iyo ka qayb qaatay qaar ka mid ah dagaalo muhiim ah. Sidaas darteed, wuxuu iska helay qarada weyn ee ka dilaacay ee dagaalka Mukden.

Dagaalka ka dib, ayuu si kooban u ku noolaa Vladivostok, halkaas oo uu sii waday in ay u adeegaan ee Guutadii. In 1908-1911 GG. sarkaal tababaray Nikolayev Military Academy Engineering ah. u dhammeeyey, oo wuxuu aaday inuu Brest-Litovsk kabtanka a, halkaas oo uu ka qayb galay dhismaha Fortress Brest ah.

Tan iyo markii ay intaas oo sannadood Karbyshev ahaa on soohdimaha galbeed ee dalka, isagu xaq buu isu hore ee dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka tan iyo maalintii ugu horeysay ee ay dhawaaqay helay. Inta badan ee nolosha sarkaal ee lagu qabtay hoos imaanaya hoggaanka caanka Alekseya Brusilova. Waxa ay ahayd Front South-Western, halkaas oo Russia ahaa dagaal kula Austria-Hungary, iyadoo kala duwan guulo. Tusaale ahaan, Karbyshev ka qeyb galay qabashada guul Przemysl, iyo horumar degdeg ah Brusilov. maalmaha ugu dambeeya ee dagaalka Karbyshev qaatay ee xuduudda la leh Romania, halkaas oo uu ku hawlan sidii loo xoojin lahaa jagooyinka daafaca. In koorsada of dhowr sano ee hore, wuxuu u suurtagashay in ay is toogtay lugta, laakiin weli ku soo laabtay nidaamka.

Tegaya Army Cas

Bishii Oktoobar 1917, inqilaab Petrograd, ka dib markii taas Bolsheviks in ay awood u yimid. Vladimir Lenin doonayay in ay joojiyaan dagaalka kula Germany sida ugu dhakhsaha badan si la isugeeyey ciidamada oo dhan si ay ula dagaalamaan cadawga gudaha, dhaqdhaqaaq cad. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, ayuu bilaabay dacaayad weyn, waayo, xoog olole Soviet ciidanka.

Sida saxda ah Karbyshev qudhiisu helay madaxda sare ee Guard Cas. In waxa, uu mas'uul ka ahaa abaabulka shuqullada daafaca iyo injineernimada. Gaar ahaan wax badan oo Karbyshev sameeyey gobolka Volga, halkaas oo in 1918-1919. Ayuu ka orday Front Bari. Talent oo awood u leh inay injineer ka caawiyay Army Cas inay soo galaan ee gobolka iyo in ay sii wadaan oo ay horay dhinaca Urals ah. koritaanka mustaqbalkiisa Karbysheva cayrsho magacaabidda Army 5aad ee Ciidamada Red ku saabsan mid ka mid ah jagooyinka keentay. dagaal sokeeye, wuu dhammeeyey ee Crimea, halkaas oo uu ka masuul ah shaqada injineernimada in Perekop xiriirinaya Jasiiradda la dhulweynaha ahaa.

Inta u dhaxaysa Wars Adduunka

In times of nabadda 20 iyo 30-Karbyshev ku hawlan waxbarashada tacliinta sare military iyo xataa noqday professor ah. Marmar, wuxuu ka qayb qaatay hirgelinta mashaariicda kaabayaasha muhiimka ah ee difaaca. Tusaale ahaan, waxaan ka hadleynaa "Lines Stalin ee".

Tan iyo bilowgii dagaalkii Russo-Finnish ah ee 1939 Karbyshev muuqday xarunta, halkaas oo uu ku qoray talooyin daafaca horumar degdeg ah Mannerheim Line. Sannad ka dib wuxuu noqday a Lieutenant-General iyo Doctor of Sciences Military.

Inta lagu guda jiro howlaha uu saxaafadda Karbyshev qoray oo ku saabsan 100 shuqullada on injineernimada. Sida laga soo xigtay buugaag iyo qalabka waxbaridda diyaariyey khubaro badan Army Red ilaa dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. Gaar ahaan waqti badan u huray in arrinta daraasad Karbyshev guud nabadraadinta webiyaasha oo inta lagu guda jiro isku dhacyada hubeysan. In 1940 uu ku biiray CPSU ah (b).

maxaabiis ahaan Jarmal

Dhowr todobaad ka hor inta uusan bilaaban dagaalkii Great Patriotic, General Karbyshev waxaa loo diray si ay ugu adeegaan in xarunta dhexe ee ciidamada 3aad. Wuxuu ku jiray Grodono - aad ugu dhow soohdinta. Waxaa halkan ahayd in foori ugu horeysay ee Wehrmacht la diray markii June 22, 1941 bilaabay howlgal lagu blitzkrieg.

Dhowr maalmood ka dib xarunta ciidanka iyo Karbyshev ayaa hareereeyey. Isku dayga in ay ka kuleyliyaha baxsadaan ma aha guul, iyo guud lagu dhaawacay gobolka Mogilev, oo u dhow River Dnieper ah.

Marka loo haystaa maxaabiis, wuxuuna ka mid ahaa wax badan oo ka mid ah xeryaha fiirsashada, ee la soo dhaafay, taas oo ahayd Mauthausen. General Karbyshev ahaa ku takhasusay caanka ah iyo dibadda. Sidaa darteed Jarmalka ka Gestapo iyo SS isku dayeen siyaabo kala duwan si ay ugu guuleystaan in kooxdiisa ma sarkaal dheer oo dhallinyaro ah ayaa laga yaabaa in warbixin qiimo leh xarunta Jarmal iyo caawinta Reich noqotay.

Naasiga The rumeysan yahay in ay si fudud u dhaadhicin karaan Karbysheva iskaashi iyaga la. Sarkaalka waxa uu ahaa ka abtirsan jiray, isna wuxuu u adeegay ciidanka Saarka sanado badan. Kuwani muuqaalada qofeed odhan kari waayeen in General Karbyshev - dadka random in wareegyada Bolshevik iyo farxad ka dhigi heshiis la Reich ah.

Sarkaal 60-sano jir ah dhowr jeer wada hadalka sharaxaadda keentay in masuuliyiinta ku habboon, laakiin odeyga diiday in ay iskaashi la Jarmalka. Mar kasta oo, uu si kalsooni leh u sheegay in guul Midowga Soofiyeeti ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida iyo naasiga waxaa adkaaday. Ma jiro mid uu fal ma uusan sheegin in maxbuus jabay ama wadnaha laga badiyay.

In Hammelburg

In guga ee 1942 Karbyshev Dmitry Mikhailovich lagu wareejiyay Hammelburg. Waxa ay ahayd xero-fiirsashada u gaar ah sarkaal qabtay. Halkan si ay u abuuraan xaaladaha nololeed ee ugu raaxo. Sidaas darteed, hoggaanka Jarmal isku dayeen in ay ka badiyeen saraakiisha sar sare ee ciidanka cadowga, kaas oo ku riyaaqay sharafta weyn ee guriga. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka sokeeye ee Hammelburg soo booqday 18 kun oo maxaabiis ah Soviet. Kastaaba wuxuu lahaa safafka military sare. Qaar badan oo ay burburiyeen ka dib markii uu ku xerooyinka dhimasho iyo isu helay a meelo raaxo leh oo ku haboon ee lagu hayo, meeshaas waxaa ku yiil sheekaysiga saaxiibtinimo iyaga la. Si kastaba ha ahaatee Karbyshev Dmitry Mikhailovich ma dhaqmayso daaweyn nafsaani ah cadowga iyo wali daacad u Midowga Soofiyeeti.

Waayo guud waxaa lagu riday nin gaar ah - Colonel Pelit. Tani sarkaal ee Wehrmacht waqtiga soo shaqeeyay ciidanka ka mid ah Saarka Russia, iyo aqoon fiican oo luqada Ruushka. Intaa waxaa dheer, wuxuu la shaqeeyey Karbyshevo intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Adduunka ee First in Brest-Litovsk.

saaxiib Old isku dayeen in ay ka heli noocyo kala duwan oo habab si Karbyshev. Haddii uu diiday in uu iskaashi toos ah la Wehrmacht ah, ka dibna Pelit bixiyeen isaga u dhimeysa, tusaale ahaan, inay ka shaqeeyaan sidii taariikhyahan ah oo sharaxaad ka jiraan hawlgallada mileteri ee Ciidanka Cas ee dagaalka socda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, soo jeedinta sida aan u dhaqmi karaa sarkaalka.

Waxa xiiso leh in markii hore Jarmalka doonayay in Karbyshev waxaa istaagay madaxa Liberation Army Ruush ah, kaas oo ugu danbeyn keentay Vlasov Guud. Laakiin si joogto ah oo aan iskaashi sameeyey ganacsiga: Wehrmacht u tagay inuu fikrad. Haddaba Germany ayaa sugaya ugu yaraan in maxbuus uu ogolaado in ay ka shaqeeyaan sidii takhasus logistics qiimo leh ee Berlin.

In Berlin

General Dmitry Karbyshev, kuwaas oo Biography ka kooban yahay raridda joogto ah, weli Wuxoogaa cunto dhadhan fiican leh, waayo, Reich ah, iyo Jarmalka ma lumin rajaynayaa in la helo afka caadi isaga oo leh. Ka dib markii failure ee Hammelburg ay turjumay odeyga in gabbasho keli ah ee Berlin iyo waxaa lagu qabtay muddo seddex isbuuc ah meel mugdi ah.

Tan waa la sameeyey on Ujeedada in ay xasuusiso Karbyshev si uu u noqdo dhibane cabsi waqti kasta, haddii aadan doonayn in aad iskaashi la Wehrmacht ah. Ugu dambeyntii, oo maxbuuska ah ayaa loo diray baaraha markii ugu danbeysay. Jarmalka ayaa ka codsaday gargaar ee mid ka mid ah khubarada badankooda la ixtiraamo oo ay injineernimada military. Waxay ahayd Heinz Rubengeymer. Tani waxay khabiir si fiican u yaqaan in muddada pre-dagaal, sida Karbyshev, ka shaqeeya allifaadda ah ay profile guud. Dmitry Mikhailovich qudhiisa isaga loola dhaqmo si maamuus u yaqaan ku takhasusay ixtiraamo.

Rubengeymer sameeyey uu xukunka miisaan dhigiisa. Haddii Karbyshev ku heshiiyeen inay si wadajir ah, wax uu heli laga yaabaa inuu guri u gaar ah oo dhinaca ammaanka ah dhaqaale buuxa ay sabab u tahay in khasnadda dawladda Jarmalka. Intaa waxaa dheer, injineerada ku bixiyaan lacag la'aan ah dhammaan maktabadaha iyo kaydka ee Germany helaan. Waxa uu la hawlan laga yaabaa in ay waxbarashada af ama in ay ka shaqeeyaan tijaabooyinka berrinkii injineernimada. Sayidka Karbyshev loo ogol yahay si ay u ururiyaan koox khubaro-gargaare. Sarkaalka noqon lahaa a-guud Sarreeye ciidanka dawladda Jarmalka.

Karbysheva feat ahaa xaqiiqada ah in uu diiday oo dhan talooyin cadowga, in kasta oo qaar ka mid ah isku dayga aad joogto. Oo waxaa isagii ku isticmaalay habab kala duwan soojiidashada: cabsi, sasabasho ah, oo ballamo, iwm In dhamaadka, uu bixiyey shaqo af keliya ... Taasi waa Karbyshev xitaa ma u leeyihiin in ay dhaleeceeyo Stalin iyo hoggaanka Soviet. in dhammaan waxaa loo baahan yahay isaga oo ah - si ay u noqdaan Cog addeeci doonnaa in nidaamka of Reich Saddexaad.

Inkastoo dhibaatooyin caafimaad, iyo da'da cajiib ah, General Dmitry Karbyshev iyo waqtigan sheegay diidmo adag. Ka dib markii in, hoggaanka Jarmal u bixiyey iyo qoraal ah sida nin fanatically kiiska qaloocin oo gooni loo sooco ee Bolshevism. dadkan isticmaal ujeedo u gaar ah Reich kari waayeen.

Si aad shaqada adag

Karbysheva ee Berlin lagu wareejiyay Flossenburg - xerada fiirsashada, kaas oo inta badan ku amray nac weyn, iyo maxaabiis aan caafimaadka sanduuq kala go 'at shaqada adag. Oo haddii shaqada noocan oo kale ah loogama qaadi haraadiga ciidamada maxaabiista dhalinyaro ah, waxaad qiyaasi kartaa sida ay u adag ahayd ka weyn Karbysheva, kuwaas oo horey u ahaa toddobaatan.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, halkii joogaan Flyussenbyurge isagu marnaba ka cawday maamulka xerada on xaaladaha liita. Dagaalka ka dib, Midowga Soofiyeeti aqoonsaday magacyada reer geesiyaal, uma kala go'o xeryaha fiirsashada. dhaqanka ugu geesinimo ee guud u sheegay maxaabiista badan oo soo booqday isaga la saabsan shaqooyinka qaar ka mid ah. Dmitry Karbyshev, feat ah oo go'an maalin kasta, waxa uu noqday tusaale lagu daydo. Wuxuu Ruhbaaniyad rajo cambaareeyay maxaabiista.

Sababo la xiriira xirfadaha hoggaanka Guud wareejiyay mid ka mid ah xerada ka kale, si aan la kiciyey maskaxda maxaabiista kale. Sidaas daraaddeed ayuu u safray Germany oo dhan, sida a darsin maxaabiista si degdeg ah "warshadaha dhimashada".

Bil kasta, wararka ka hore noqday more naxdinta leh hogaan Jarmalka. Ka dib guushii ugu Stalingrad, Army Cas ugu dambeyntii ku talaabsaday in gacmaha iyaga u gaar ah, oo waxay bilaabeen dagaal dhinaca galbeedka. Marka hore soo dhawaaday soohdimaha pre-dagaal Germany, waxay bilaabeen daadguraynta degdeg ah xeryaha fiirsashada. Shaqaalaha Af Xumeeyaan la macaamilooday kuwii maxaabiista, ka dibna u cararay dalka. dhaqanka Tani waxa ay ahayd baahsan.

xasuuqii ka dhacay Mauthausen

In 1945 Dmitry Karbyshev ahaa xerada fiirsashada la yiraahdo Mauthausen. Austria, kaas oo uu ku yaal machadkan u xun, weerar ciidamada Soviet yimid.

Waayo, ilaalinta goobaha sida had iyo jeer waa stormtroopers SS masuul ka. Waxay ahayd ay ku hogaamiyay xasuuqii ka mid ah maxaabiista. Habeenkii, Feb. 18, 1945, waxay ka soo ururiyey oo ku saabsan kun oo maxaabiis ah, waxaa ku dhex jirtay Karbyshev. maxaabiistuna way ka furteen oo soo diray si ay roobka, halkaas oo ay ka hooseeyeen durdurro biyo baraf ah. Dejinta ee heerkulka keenaysaa in xaqiiqda ah in dad badan oo si fudud u diidaan inay wadnaha.

Maxaabiista ka badbaaday Kalfadhiga koowaad ee jirdil, siiyey nigis iyo diray inay barxadda. Dibaddeeda ahaa cimilada qabow. Maxaabiista oggolaysiiyeen iyagoo kooxo yar yar. Si dhakhso ah waxay bilaabeen inay ku shub ka soo tuubada dab oo biyo ah isla baraf-qabow ah. General Karbyshev cidhiidhiga ku taagan, ku boorriyay walaalahooda ku lifaaqan oo ku tusi fulaynimo ma. Qaar ka mid ah isku dayeen in ay ka cararaan iyaga oo ka soo wajahan Diyaaradaha baraf ah. Waxay qabtay, garaacay truncheons oo noqday oo galay meeshii. In dhamaadka, ku dhowaad dhammaan dilay, oo ay ku jiraan Dmitry Karbyshev. Waxa uu ahaa 64 sano jir.

baaritaan Soviet

daqiiqo ugu danbeysay ee nolosha Karbysheva noqday kuwa loo yaqaan guriga mahad maragga of Major Canadian ah, kuwaas oo maamula si ay u noolaadaan habeenkii khaas ah xasuuqii ka mid ah maxaabiista Mauthausen.

haraaga ururiyey macluumaad ah oo ku saabsan masiirka maxbuuska Guud ka hadlay sida uu u dhiirranow gaar ah iyo saa'ixiinta ah waajib. Bishii August 1946, ayuu uu Ottawa degenaa waxaa la guddoonsiiyey abaalmarinta ugu sareysa ee dalka - horyaalka ee Hero of Midowga Soofiyeeti.

In mustaqbalka, gobolka oo dhan hantiwadaagga furay taxadiri in uu sharaf. Sidoo kale waa magaca guud ee loo yaqaan jidadka. Taalladaas ugu weyn Karbyshev dhab ahaan waa dalka reer Mauthausen. At goobta xusuus ah la furay xerada fiirsashada dhintay oo aan waxba galabsan jirdilay. Tani waa meesha ay ka jirto halkaas tiir xusuus ah. Heroes of War Great Patriotic Midowga Soofiyeeti kasbadeen Saf ay this guud unbending.

Uu image ahaa gaar ahaan caanka ah ee mudada Subxigu. Xaqiiqada ah in dad badan oo ka mid ah Jeneraaladii, dhexda u galay xeryaha fiirsashada, waana ay adkeyd in la sameeyo geesiyaal ee dalka. Qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ah ayaa xoog ku soo tarxiilay dib guriga, iyo darsin oo dheeraad ah iyo cadaadiyo. Qof sudhay kiiska Vlasov, qaar kalena waxay ahaayeen in Gulag ah oo lagu eedeeyay fulaynimo. Stalin ahaa ee u baahan image saafi ah oo geesi ah, taas oo u noqon karta tusaale jiilka mustaqbalka ee ciidamada.

Waxaa soo baxay in uu noqdo nin iyo Karbyshev. Magiciisana waxaa inta badan way bexeen bogagga wargeysyada. Popular ahaa Dmitry Karbyshev suugaanta, waayo, waxaa la qoray shuqullada dhowr. Tusaale ahaan, Sergei Vasilyev, ka go'an in ay gabay General "Karaamada". maxbuus kale oo Mauthausen, Yuri Pilar, wuxuu ahaa qoraaga Biography ah farshaxanka sarkaalka "Honor".

maamulka Soviet adag isku dayeen in ay immortalize feat ugu Karbysheva. At dukumentiyada NKVD dhigooda ah isku tilmaamaya in baaritaanka uu dhintay qaadeen eryin iyo amarada ka soo kor ku xusan. Tusaale ahaan, tilmaamo Major Canadian St. Clair (markhaati hore) waxay ahaayeen khilaafsan oo aan sax ahayn. Laga soo bilaabo waxa ay garan waayeen faahfaahinta badan in Biography ka dibna baxda Karbysheva.

St. Clair, on kuwaas oo maragga ahaa qaddar ee guud dhintay, isagu wuxuu u dhintay dhowr sano ka dib markii dagaal ka caafimaad dumay. Marka baarayaasha Soviet weyddiiyey, mar hore, wuxuu ahaa oonad. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1948 qoraa Novogrudski la dhammeeyo buugga rasmi ah ka go'an in Biography ka Karbysheva. In waxa, ayuu hadalkiisa ku daray badan oo xaqiiqo ku saabsan oo St. Clair marna ku xusan.

Haddii aan quursi dhaqanka ugu geesinimo of Guud, dawladda Soviet isku dayeen in ay qabtaan indhahooda in qaddar ee saraakiil kale oo sar sare ee ciidanka, kuwaas oo la jirdilay oo lagu dilay qolalka jirdil of Gestapo ah. Ku dhowaad dhammaan iyaga ka mid ah ayaa dhibbanayaasha la dayacay "Khaa'in" iyo "cadowga" siyaasadda Stalin ee.