Qarniyadii Shiinaha: bilowgii taariikhda boqortooyadii weyn.

Erayga "Dr Makumbe Shiinaha" lama yaqaan si fiican marka la Western Europe marka loo eego, sida taariikhda dalka ma ahaa sida qeybinta cad galay xilliyo. Conventionally, waxaa la qiyaasayo in ay bilaabeen in BC qarnigii saddexaad ilaa boqornimadii qoyskii Qing iyo qaadatay in ka badan laba kun oo sano ka hor dhamaadka qoyskii Qing ah.

Boqortooyada Qin, taas oo ah dal yar oo ku yaalla ka-galbeed woqooyi ee dalka si ay u tuulayowga dhulka dhowr boqortooyooyinka in soohdimaha koonfurta iyo galbeedka ku raad ujeedooyinka siyaasadeed oo cad si loo adkeeyo awoodda. In 221 BC , waxaa jiray midoobidda ka mid ah dalka, hore oo ka kooban hannaanka ah xer xeran oo kala duwan iyo taariikheeya loo yaqaan "qadiimiga Shiinaha". Taariikhda tan iyo markaas ayaa jidka kale - ee cusub midaysan dunida Shiinaha.

Qin ahaa ugu dhaqan ka mid ah States dagaallamaya sare oo ugu ciidan awood leh. Ying Zheng, oo loo yaqaan boqor ugu horeysay Qin Shi Huang, Shiinaha ahaa awoodaan in ay midoobaan oo ay idiinku beddelin ugu horeysay ee state dhexe ay magaalada Xianyang (meel u dhow magaalada casriga ah ee Xi'an), joojiyo si loo bixiyay dagaallamaya Maraykanka, kaas oo socday muddo dhowr qarniyo. Name qaatay u ashtakooday boqorka, wuxuu ahaa shibanne magaca mid ka mid ah jilayaasha mythological ugu weyn oo aad u muhiim ah iyo taariikhda qaranka - Huangdi, ama Emperor Yellow ah. Lahaanshaha sidaas uu horyaalka, Ying Zheng kiciyey uu haybad. "Waxaan - Emperor koowaad, iyo farcankiisa our la ogaan doonaa sida Emperor Labaad, Saddexaad Emperor, iyo wixii la mid ah ee taxanahan aan dhammaadka lahayn ee ka ab," - ayuu grandly dhawaaqay. taariikheeya Qarniyadii ee Shiinaha oo u yeedhay "Zaman Imperial."

Inta lagu guda jiro boqornimadiisa Qin Shi Huang wuxuu sii waday inuu ballaariyo boqortooyadiisa galay jihada bari iyo koonfurta, ugu dambeyntii gaarey xuduudaha Vietnam. boqortooyadiisa baaxad weyn waxaa loo kala qaybiyey (degmooyinka military) lix iyo soddon chun, oo ahaa saraakiil rayid ah co-shaqeeya iyo commandants military, oo midba midka kale la xakameeyo. Nidaamkan adeegay sidii model ah oo dhan dawladaha saldanadii ee Shiinaha ilaa dayrta ee qoyskii Qing ee 1911.

boqor ugu horeeya ee la midoobin ma aha oo kaliya Shiinaha ee Dr Makumbe. Waxa uu dib u habayn habka qoraalka Chinese, ansixiyay qaabka cusub nidaamka qoraal rasmi ah (taariikhyahan badan ayaa aaminsan in tani ay tahay dib u habaynta ugu muhiimsan oo dhan), nidaamka caadiga miisaanno iyo tallaabooyin gobolka oo dhan. Tani waa xaalad muhiim u ah xoojinta ganacsiga gudaha boqortooyooyinka midaysan, mid kasta oo lahaa heerarka u gaar ah. Inta lagu jiro mudada xukunka qoyskii ka Qin (221-206 CH), dugsiyo badan falsafada, kuwaas oo waxbaristiisa in this ama xadka ka gees ah in fikirka Imperial, ayaa mamnuucay. In 213 BC, shuqulladiisa oo dhan ay ku jiraan fikrado sida, oo ay ku jiraan shuqullada Confucius lagu gubay marka laga reebo nuqullo in hayay Library Imperial ee. cilmi badan oo ay ogol yihiin qoraalka in ay ahayd inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada qoyskii Qin ku yimid magaca boqortooyadii - Shiinaha.

Durkiya muddada in ay adduunka ka caan ah. In koorsada of excavations qaddiimiga ah goobta aaska ka mid ah kuwii hore ka gooyo Chinese (meel u dhow Xi'an), ayaa bilaabay sanadkii 1974, ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in ka badan lix kun oo tirooyinka terracotta (dagaalyahan, fardaha). Waxay wakiil ciidan badan in dhawray xabaashii of Qin Shi Huang. Ciidamada Terracotta The ahaa mid ka mid ah daahfurtay ugu weyn oo ugu farxada badan qaddiimiga ah ee Shiinaha. The taariikhda rikoodhada aaska Emperor tilmaamay mikroversiya ururkooduba Empire rinji saqafka dal Wabiyaal abuuray mercury. Qin Shi Huang waxaa lagu tiriyaa la abuurka ah ee Wall Great ee Shiinaha. In Zaman ee Qin dhowr darbiyada ilaaliya ayaa la dhisay on xadka waqooyiga.

Qarniyadii Shiinaha bilaabay inuu hoos u la ballaariyo ganacsiga Yurub ee xashiishad, kuwaas oo sabab u ahayd lagu qasayo in bulshada iyo ugu danbeyn keentay in ay dagaalkii xashiishad (1840-1842, 1856-1860).