Steam engine - abuurtay ee la soo dhaafay la helo mustaqbal wanaagsan

Qof kasta oo qalbigiisu gaadhi kasta og yahay waa motor ah. Oo inta badan baabuurta oo casri ah ayaa la shaqeeya by matoorada sari gudaha. Waxyaalahan oo dhan matoorada urursatay waa farac ama xataa-awoowe ee unugga, sida engine shiilayo. Waxay ku bilaabantay alifay ee Thomas seyver. Waxa uu in 1689 dhisay mashiinka uumi ugu horeeyay, taas oo door ah ee bamka. Iyada oo taageero ka biyo gareeyeen in daadadku usheeda dhexe. design ee gaariga oo intaasu waxay ahayd mid fudud ilaa xad. In bamka this uumi la aruurshey iyo qadar yar oo ah biyo u soo jeestay. Tani waxay inoo ogolaatay in la abuuro vacuum qayb dhexdeeda, kaas oo biyo lagu suctioned ka hoose ee ceelka.

Laakiin war abuurashadoodii ah Seiver ahayd oo keliya talaabada ugu horeysa ee Jidka dheer ee horumarka ah ee makiinado ay uumi. Iyo xitaa ka hor qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii 18aad ee "u tag" waxay ahaayeen matoorada biyaha oo kaliya. Waxay la isticmaalo ujeeddooyin-soo-saarka, in uu yahay, in warshadaha ee. Waxay ahaayeen qalab aad u weyn oo qaali ah. Meelahaas waxaa mooshin farsamo ka waterwheel ee lagu kala qaado. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, waxay lahaayeen si ay u dhisaan warshad on the bangiyada oo webi, iyo waxa aan ahaa had iyo jeer ku haboon. Waxa intaa dheer in biyaha engine waxaa si fiican u socda, waxaa lagama maarmaan ahayd in ay dhisto biyo-xireenno, balliyada qaban, in gaaban shaqo badan diyaarinta sameeyo. Oo xooggii Kan ugu unugyada sida had iyo jeer kuma filna baahida wax soo saarka. Iyo wakhtiga qabowga ama abaar, oo dhan ay "ku dhintay". xaaladda noocan oo kale ah ma sii wadi karo muddo dheer. Iyo matoorada uumi bilaabay mar waa "engine horumarka."

Iyo qayb weyn oo ay taas uga dhigay Tomas Nyukomen, kuwaas oo in 1712 abuurtay ah bamka qalab. Cutubkani wuxuu la eryay by uumi. Oo 60eeyaha ee qarnigii 18aad, James Watt kaamileen design cutubkan iyo in la abuuro engine a uumi ku ool ah. Isaga oo la alifay ayaa helay codsiga ee goobta shaqada. Iyadoo engine oo caynkaas ah ku shaqeeya qalabka mashiinka warshado wakhtigaas. A horeysay marawaxadaha uumi u muuqday in qarnigii 19aad, ee 1883kii. Waxa la abuuray by Gustav Sweden Laval. A England Charles Parson helay patent ah la alifay ee marawaxadaha reaction multi-yada ah, wuxuu si gaar ah loo sameeyey inuu kiciyo matoorka korontada. Iyo marawaxadaha this ayaa si weyn loo isticmaalaa in Quwadda kaamerada.

marawaxadaha Steam hadda loo isticmaalo. Waxay weecin matoorrada xoogga iyo boolal maraakiibta waaweyn. marawaxadaha tamarta Kuwani kaamerada waxaa beddelay dhaqaaq wareeg ah. Oo iyana waxay ku shaqayn kartaa sida shidaalka caadiga ah (saliidda shidaalka) iyo ka nuclear-ka nuclear. qalab uumi engine A wax yar ka duwan yahay unit marawaxadaha ah. Waxa uu sidoo kale ka shaqeeya labo, kaas oo la helay biyo kulaylinta. Oo labada ciyaaryahan this guuro ka pistons, oo waxaa lagu abaabulaa dhululubada ah. pistons Kuwani abuuro mooshin reciprocating ah. hab gaar ah ayaa waxaa horay u ekaysiinaya mooshin Rotary. Iyo matoorada qalab kale waa on tareen ah.

Isla mar, isku dayeen in ay soo bandhigto engine uumi ah iyo gaadiidka wadada. Tan iyo Midowga Soofiyeeti ee 50s ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay waxaan diyaariyay hab gaar ah "omnivorous" of Victory. Tani waxa ay ahayd sabab u ah xaqiiqada ah in Midowga guudahaan lahaa dhibaatooyinka tamarta. Iyo injineerada sida Soviet go'aansaday in ay isticmaalaan kuleeliyaha uumi biyo-tube ka. Markaas kuleeliyaha kanna waa engine uumi ugu hufan. waxaa la heli karto ka saarista ah kuleyl aad u sareeya ka dusha shaqada, oon ku abuuraya cadaadis 170 kg / cm2, oo aan halis qarax ee kuleyliyaha. unugyada waxay leeyihiin qaar ka mid ah cillado. Laakiin takhasusay Soviet iyaga sii socoto.

Iyo horraantii 1956 at warshad pilot ee Institute of 21 diyaariyey afar mashiinada ugu horeysay sida. In guga ee sanadka in, baabuurta, kuwaas oo ka qayb-galay dibad-barbardhig, kaas oo ujeedadiisu tahay - in la ogaado faa'iidooyinka iyo faa'iido darrada lagu daydo, kuwaas oo. baxsad Tani waxaa sidoo kale ka qeybgalay model soo jireenka ah ee Victory ah. Oo imtixaanada engine uumi-socodka laftiisa tusay at its ugu fiican. Intii lagu guda jiray dibad shidaalka loo isticmaalo noocyada kala duwan. Tani Shale saliid, dhuxusha, Peat, iyo saliidda cayriin. Sidoo kale, gaariga si fiican u shaqeeyay on shidaalka sida saliidda shidaalka, gaasta la shito, gaaska, qoryo bjørk, saliid qashinka iyo isku khamriga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, diyaarinta bilowga gaariga qaadataa ilaa 35 daqiiqo. Laakiin waxa ay leedahay permeability sare ee xaaladaha off-road. imtixaanada kuwaas oo ahaa mid aad u guulaystay, laakiin ugu dhakhsaha badan dhibaatooyinka tamarta waxaa u sarreeyey, iyo horumarinta this ma galaan wax soo saarka. Iyo in aannu mar, marka tamarta mar kale noqdo dhagan, waxaa laga yaabaa in loo baahan yahay in ay dib u habdhaqanka in engine shiilayo.