Waa maxay operetta ah? Waa maxay operetta ah music? operetta Tiyaatarka

Heshii, su'aasha ah: "Waa maxay operetta ah" ugu yaraan hal mar in nolosha baxdo qof kasta, iyo mid kasta oo laga helo jawaabtiisa. Barareyso iyo waxaan maado this xiiso.

Operetta - nooca gaarka ah ee farshaxanka masrixiyada. Waxaa lagu qeexi karaan sida meel muusikada in isku daraa xirfadaha codka ah fanaaniinta la wada hadalada ay muuqaal dabiici ah iyo cilmiga qoob. At ay muhiimka ah, taasi waa shaqada tacliimeed kala weji duwan, riwaayadaha, kaas oo waa iftiin, qof cayaar, laakiin mararka qaarkood dhuuntaa hignaseyno kajan ama xataa riwaayadaha.

Xididdada taariikhiga ah ee operetta ee asalkiisu ka soo jeedo ee wakhtiyadii hore markii Actorada in qaab ay goobaha u dhaqmeen si ka soo baxday nolosha ee ah ilaahyada, oo wuxuu ku riday sharaf ah saacado badan ee qaab, kuwaas oo mar hore ku ogan jeermiska koowaad ee operetta ah. Jeclaada, ama sheekada naxdinta ahayd ma aha oo kaliya music, laakiin sidoo kale macno leh ee la xiriirta in aad la dheesho iyo samaynta aad.

A mucjiso yar - operetta

Sida ku sifayn gaar ah ee tiyaatarka operetta marka hore u muuqday in qarnigii XIX ee Europe ee: Vienna, Germany, France, England. Ka dib markii iyaga oo booqanaya, si fudud jawaabta waxaad ka heli kartaa su'aasha ah: Waa maxay majaajilada ah muusikada ee music? Waana halka noocan oo kale ah tahay waxa uu ku dhashay ayaa la sii horumariyo.

Aasaasihii waxaa loo arkaa inay operetta ah by Jacques Offenbach. Tani waa fiican laxamiistaha Faransiis ka soo jeedo dalka Jarmalka, ayaa soo qaatay inta badan noloshiisa ka shaqeynta arimaha nooca aan caadi ahayn. Sababtoo ah ee uu shaqada qaab a tahay cajiib ah ayaa la aqoonsaday by tirooyin badan dramatics muhiim ah, tusaale ahaan, K. Stanislavsky. Rabitaankiisa tiyaatarka bilaabay operetta laftiisa. In qaar ka mid ah ilaha, aabbihiisna wuxuu aasaasay of tiyaatarka vocal muusig yeedhay laxamiistaha ugu Austria Franz von Suppe. Indeed, xaqiiqda loo qaadan karaa sida lagu kalsoonaan karo sida Suppe ayaa gacan weyn ka operetta ah. Maanta, ku dhawaad qaab kasta, si ay u tabo cusub oo ay mahad, Waltz ee codadka iyo noocyada wakiil yahay in ka badan oo ah caadifad, qof ka taataabtay, halkii majaajilada ah.

Operetta in Europe

Xilligii operetta Faransiiska ayaa waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay by ubax hal abuur leh shakhsiyadda dhalaalaysa, sida Zhak Offenbah. Waxay yihiin masraxa yar on Elysees ku Champs ( "Bouffes-Parisiens") ayaa la furay, taas oo ka dhigeysa shuqullo waaweyn sida "Laba Blind", "Life PSG", "Orpheus ee She'ool", "Helen The Beautiful" iyo kuwo kale oo badan. Operetta khilaafeen yabooho niyadda faraxsan, digtoonaan iyo cadho. Waqtiga ugu wanaagsan ee operetta Ingiriisi ah waxa uu la xidhiidhaa tirooyinka caan ah sida William Gilbert iyo A. Sullivan. iskaashiga badan dhala dadka xarfaanta ah ayaa keentay in la abuuro of a qaab wareeg Savoy. ka mid ah opera "Trial by Jury" ee maadda ah, u huray in arrinta diidniintayda guurka. Ka dib markii la raacay by qoraal ah oo dheeraad ah 13 shuqullada wadajir ah, oo kulligood wada ahaa ayaa guul weyn.

Oo xiiso gaar ah waa ka Viennese classical operetta. Waxaad ma iska indho tiri karin sida tiradaasi muhiim ah sida Iogann Shtraus (ina). Taasi waa magaca ninkan oo ah hanad, tayadiisa, masraxa muusikada la xidhiidha caasimada dhaqan Yurub. Iyada oo ku sifayn ee operetta laxamiistaha u fiican oo aan kula kulmay da 'a baaluq, iyo waxa suurto gal ah in xaqiiqada door muhiim ah in abuurista shuqulladiisa ka dib. Sidoo kale waa in aannu iftiimin operetta ah "Die Fledermaus" shaqada taas oo qaadatay 6 toddobaad. Tani wax soo saarka xariif ah ay wali loo arko mid ka mid ah shuqulladii ugu fiican ee laxamiistaha ugu. Waa in aad weydiiso qofka su'aasha ah: "Waa maxay operetta ah," iyo ururada ugu horeysay oo ay maskaxda ku soo - taasi waa Vienna, Johann Strauss ina iyo shaqo wayn oo ah muusikiiste Austria "Die Fledermaus".

Operetta ee Russia

Haddii aan ka hadlo dalka, nooca waqtiga dheer operetta ma aqoonsana oo ma ku raaxaysan guul weyn ula dhagaystayaasha. Dadka jeclaa si ay u daawadaan vaudeville, musicals iyo qaab kala duwan. In qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XIX ah, xaaladdu ay isku badalayaan ee Russia ah ayaa bilaabay in ay u muuqdaan kooxaha ugu horeysay ka shaqeeya sifayn ee opera yar.

Ay qaadato waajihid koobnaa shuqullada by qorayaasha Yurub, inta badan Faransiis. Waxayse isku qaadeen soosaarid caan ah sida mitir ee Tiyaatarka iyo Music, sida Alexander Glazunov, Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko, M. Tairov. Its sumaddii in this ku sifayn masrixiyada ku tagay agaasimaha iyo actor Vladimir Lentovsky. Waxa uu furay dhowr tiyaatarada waaweyn ee Russia, qaab ay xaqse oo cod weyn ururiyay ogeysiisyada. On bandhigga dooneen inay hesho labada fanaaniin caan ah, iyo daawadayaasha caadiga ah. Thanks to shuqulkiisa ku sifayn ee operetta tallaabooyin ay ugu horeysay ka dhigay fanaaniinta tayo badan: Monakhov, K. dad Gariig ah, V. Shuvalov, A. Bryansk, I. Vavich iyo kuwa kale.

talinaysay ee ku sifayn operetta ee Russia uu hoos u dhaco si muddada Soviet. Aasaasayaasha Its loo arkaa in ay Dunayevsky iyo N. Strelnikov. Operetta muddada this bilaabmaa si ay u bartaan qaababka ay kala gaar ah, waxaa isku daraa xeerkii dugsiga classical Viennese ruuxii jeer oo casri ah. Qoraalkii waxaa lagu soo bandhigay hab cayaar, firfircoon, kaftan iyo mararka qaarkood u dhawyihiin. Laakiin hadal had iyo jeer waa mid cajiib ah!

Waxa ay ahayd mid xiiso leh si ay u bartaan in operetta sida nooca ay jirto kaliya ee Russia, laakiin in dalkeena uu jiro magaca noocan oo kale ah. In Galbeedka, falkan loo gudbiyo sida "opera maadda ah" ama, sida in Germany, "Singspiel".

Aan ka hadalno ...

Waxaan ka kooban taabtay on su'aasha ah: Waa maxay operetta ah? music wuxuu leeyahay ku saabsan oo badan, sida qaab farshaxan kasta. Dib u eeg oo ay bartaan mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waxay noqon kartaa mid aan la koobi karayn, laakiin waxaan ku taaban doonaa meesha ugu quduusan - Masraxa Operetta ah.

In dalka, goobta ugu caansan ee opera yar ee Moscow. The qaab guriga tiyaatarka this xajisto xeerkii classic ee soo bandhiga shuqullada muusikada, iyo waqti isku mid ah u soo dhaweyn habka casriga ah ee abuurka. Agaasimayaasha u muuqdaan in ay doortaan ay muujinayso wanaagsan, iyo sidaas si farsamo loo isticmaalo in ay ka shaqeeyaan iyaga on luqad casri ah iyo farsamo cusub in sahayda qalabka iyo tabo cusub farsamada ugu dambeeyay ee bixiya iftiinka iyo dhawaaqa. Thanks to shaqada cajiib ah oo ka mid ah agaasimaha iyo kabka cajiib ah oo maanta Tiyaatarka Moscow Operetta ayaa booska hoggaamineed ee Russia iyo si weyn lagu ixtiraamo ee Europe.

The Best of operetta

Waxaa laga yaabaa in ugu fiican u shaqeeyo aad si fudud ka mid noqon kara kuwa soo samatabbixiyey oo soo bandhigay marxaladaha ugu caansan dunida, Vienna, Faransiis, Ruush. ka mid ah operetta cajiib ah sida "bat" iyo "Gypsy Baron" Ioganna Shtrausa Jr., shuqullada caanka laxamiistaha Hungarian Imre Kalman "Mr. X", "Silva," "Bayadera"; operetta unsurpassed by Jacques Offenbach "serocolitis" iyo "The Helen Beautiful"; curiyay la ilaawi karin ee Franz Lehar ee "The yuul Carmalka," "Gypsy Love", dhaqangalka ah la dhalaalayay Louis Barnes, "Fanfan-Tulip."

Kuwani iyo shaqooyin kale oo cajiib ah ka composers weyn waxaa lagu yaqaan oo la jecel yahay dalal badan. dhagaystayaasha farxad tagaan on bandhiga qoysaska oo dhan, maxaa yeelay, Classics ah waqtiyada oo dhan nafta wakiillo ka ab ka duwan taabtay.

In si kooban u dhigo, waxa ugu muhiimsan

Waa in la ogaadaa in operetta ah - nooca ah in, sida shuqullada suugaanta, ee da 'kasta waxa la gartay in siyaabo kala duwan. Waa mid ka mid wax in la akhriyo, sida "Anna Karenina" fasalka tobnaad, iyo wax kale - sida qof weyn mar kale la kulmo dhagarta. Waxaa loo arko arrin ka duwan doonaa. qaab muusikada caan sheeko la mid ah.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, operetta ah classic inta badan lagu fulinta ee abuurey caadiga ah noocyo kale muusikada: opera muusikada iyo dhagaxii weynaa. Tani laga guurayo ee jihada masraxa waa dabeecadda keliya ma aha ee dalkeena laakiin dunida oo dhan of music. Taasi waa wax fiican in la ogaado waxa ay macno kuna sugan laabta iyo kuwo ku sifayn yaabka of operetta.