Biography Butlerova Aleksandra iyo qayb sayniska

Biography Butlerova kaas oo aad ku baran doonaa in this article, annaga oo ogaaney in la aasaaso aragtida ah ee qaab-dhismeedka kiimikada. maanta aragti Tani waa sal sayniska ee dabiiciga ah ee kiimiko ah.

Butlerova Biography bilaabmaa 1828, markii a tuulo yar Butlerovke ku taala meel aan ka fogayn Kazan, waxa uu ku dhashay Alexander. Dhacdadani waxa ka dhacay magaca aabbihiis.

Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich: carruurnimada

Alexander jiray ma uu xusuusan Hooyadiis way dhimatay 11 maalmood ka dib dhalashada wiilkeeda. Aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa nin aqoon, iyo saynisyahan mustaqbalka doonayay isaga ku wareegsan oo kale. Marka ugu horeysa, wiilka galay dugsiga hoyga ah, ka dibna bilaabay inuu barto ku gymnasium First Kazan. In dugsiga this ahaa macallimiin aad u khibrad badan, kuwaas oo ay awoodaan in ay curiyaan danta maadooyinka ay. Alexander waxbarasho fudud, gaar ahaan soo jiidatay uu sayniska.

Fasallada at the University of Kazan, u dhaqaaqo Kazan

Lid ku ah codsi ka yimid aabbihiis, ka dib markii la dhammeeyo dugsiga sare, Alexander go'aansaday in ay noqdaan arday ka mid ah waaxda sayniska dabiiciga ah ee Jaamacadda Kazan. Sannad ka dib, in 1845-m, uu qirtay in sanadka ugu horeeya. Wakhtigan, wiilka ahaa 17 sano jir.

Biography Butlerova abaalmariyey in 1846 ay dhacdo xun - ayuu ku dhacay isagoo xanuunsan Harar. Man mucjisooyin ka badbaaday, laakiin aabbahay, oo lagu qaadsiiyay isaga by, dhintay. Butlerof dayrta uusan u dhaqaaqin iyadoo uu eedadii si Kazan. Jaamacadda ayuu dadaal ku bartay, laakiin ugu dhakhsaha badan ogaaday in inta badan oo dhan ayuu jecel yahay khudbado on kimistari. Waxaa ma raali muxaadarooyin ka mid ah Professor Claus, sidaas darteed wuxuu bilaabay in ay ka qayb fasallada, taasoo keentay Nikolay Nikolaevich Zinin. fiirinaya Last inta lagu guda jiro hawlaha shaybaarka for Alexander ku ogaaday in ardayda hibada leh ee.

Ilaalinta shaqada musharax

Waayo, shahaadada Masterka ee Alexander ayaa ka qalin jabiyay jaamacadda in ay soo gudbiyaan sha a. Zinin markan u baxay inuu St. Petersburg ka Kazan. Sidaa darteed, Alexander lahaa in la cilmiga dabiiciga ah ka qabtaan. shuqulkiisa u sameeyaan PhD wuxuu u darbay maqaal cinwaankiisu yahay "dhicin oo ka mid ah dubato Volga-Ural". Laakiin muddo ka dib duruufaha jira sida in Butlerof weli ku soo laabtay chemistry.

Shaqo ee University of Kazan

Ka dib markii ay helaan shahaado ah, Alexander ayaa waxaa ka shaqeeya University Kazan. Klaus, professor kaliya ee kimistari, qaaddeen qaadan karaan dhammaan hawlaha iyo loo baahan yahay mid caawisa oo ku noqday Alexander. dayrta Butlerof ee 1850 maray imtixaanka oo noqday macallinka chemistry. Waxa uu si degdeg ah u shaqo bilaabay uu PhD on mawduuca of saliidaha lagama maarmaanka ah. Butlerov difaacay shaqada bilowga sanadka soo socda. Oo ay la socdaan diyaarinta muxaadarooyin Alexander ku hawlan daraasad qoto dheer oo ka mid ah taariikhda ee kiimikada.

Butlerof nerd

Biography Butlerova xiiso ma aha oo kaliya farmashiyaasha, laakiin sidoo kale botanists. Alexander sameeyay tijaabo lagu koriyo ay ku yiil Butlerovke in Kazan. Sidoo kale qoray articles on floriculture, dismaha iyo beeraha Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich. Taalladaas Photos in Alexander, oo ku yaalla Kazan, meel u dhow jaamacadda, waxaa hoos lagu soo bandhigay.

Doctorate, safar dibadda, darsaday in chemistry

Butlerof June 4, 1854 helay doctorate ah ee fiisikiska iyo kimistariga. Isla intaas ka dib, waxaa loo magacaabay professor of jilitaanka chemistry in hooyo University uu Kazan. Butlerof bilowgii 1857 uu hore u ahaa professor ah. Isla sanadkaas, xagaagii, in uu helay ogolaanshaha inay safar dibadda aadeyso.

In Berlin Alexander yimid xagaagii daahay. Muddo ka dib wuxuu u tegey safar marayo Germany, Italy, Switzerland iyo France. Paris ahayd ujeedada kama dambaysta ah ee safarka. Waqtigaas in ay ahayd xarunta dunida waxbarasho ee kiimikada. Butlerova soo jiitay inta badan la kulmay Adolf Wurtz. In uu shaybaarka, oo uu ka shaqeeyay 2 bilood Aleksandr Butlerov. Farmashiyaha, wuxuu bilaabay inuu halkan sameeyo tijaabo ay. Muddo ka dib, uu cilmi ayay koreen oo midhaha ugu horreeya. Inta lagu jiro 20-ka sano ee soo socda, ayuu furay daraasiin reactions iyo walxaha Alexander Butlerov. Contribution ay chemistry ayaa u weyn. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, waxay qabatay syntheses dayan of ethylene iyo ethanol, alcohols jaamacadda, dinzobutilena, trioxymethylene, hexamine yihiin asalka ah ee tiro ka mid ah warshadaha. Waxay leeyihiin saamayn kobcinaya on dhinaca horumarinta. Sida aad arki karto, wax badan oo ka mid ah sayniska iyo warshadaha sameeyey Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich. waxaa la gaaro ay adag tahay in ay qiimayn dheeraad. Haddaba sheeg oo ku saabsan aragtida ah abuuray by farmashiyaha this.

aragti Butlerova

Butlerof Consort waxbarashada, waxa aan ogaaday in ay tahay fasal oo kala duwan oo ah kiimikada. Saynisyahanka falanqeeyo xoolahoodii, iyo qaab-dhismeedka, arkay sharci adag, taas oo la aasaasay saleysan aragtida ah ee qaab-dhismeedka kiimikada, ka abuuray isaga by.

Warbixin Butlerova of Academy Paris ee Sciences, waxaa Salaamo xiiso. Bilaabay dood firfircoon. A dhowr sano ka dib, inta lagu guda jiro safarada 2aad dibadda, Alexander soo bandhigay uu aragtida. Wuxuu siiyey bandhig ku saabsan 36 kulan ka mid ah dhakhaatiirta iyo saynisyahano in Speyer, lagu qabtay September 1861 Butlerov akhri warbixin ku saabsan "Wax ku saabsan qaabka kiimikada ee meydadka." Saynisyahanka soo bandhigay dhagaystayaasha ayuu ka abuuray aragti cusub oo qaab-dhismeedka xeryahooda organic. Waxa uu sheegay in la eb kasta oo qayb ka mid ah jirka oo si toos ah ugu lug ay formation iyo ficilada ciidamada loogu talagalay atamka waxaa ku wareegsan. Waa sababta oo ah gaadhista this atamka xidho Britain ayaa ka mid ah noocyada kiimikada. Markaasuu wuxuu u yeedhay dhismeedka kiimikada ee hawlgalka qaybinta ciidamada, kuwaas oo, taas oo horseedaysa xigay ka mid ah atamka ah. Sayidka, Qurub farcan leeyihiin salaysan kiimikada taas oo ku xiran nooca qaybood, oo ay dastuurka kiimikada iyo tirada.

Fiiro gaar ah in ka hor inta Butlerova kulmay suugaanta, ereyga "dhismeedka kiimikada" ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, saynisyahan bilaabeen inay ka fekeraan isticmaalkiisa si ay u qeexaan fikrad cusub. Fikradda ah qaab-dhismeedka kiimikada waxaa aasaas u ah dhamaan laamaha chemistry dardaro casri ah.

Helitaanka carbinol trimethyl

Sanadka ugu farxadda badan ee nolosha la oran karo waa 1863rd Butlerova ahaa ku simaha on acetylsalisylsyre dimethylzinc chloride, saynisyahan a markii ugu horeysay ee taariikhda uu helay jaamacadda khamriga butyl, sidoo kale loo yaqaano trimethyl. In suugaanta, wax yar ka dib waxa la sheegay in ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee alcohols butyl, hoose iyo kuwa sare. Isobutyl khamriga ayaa lagu yaqaan in ay saynisyahano tan iyo 1852. Markaas marka hore waxaa la go'doonsan ka saliidda cuntada. Haddaba, su'aasha waxay noqon kartaa oo ku saabsan khilaafka kasta, sababta oo ah waxaa jiray 4 of khamriga butyl, kuwaasoo mid walba uu ahaa isomer ah. Waxa ay ahayd guul dhab ah aragtida ah dhismaha.

tautomerism aragti

Waayo, muddada u dhaxaysa 1862 in 1865 saabsan jagada aasaasiga ah ka muujiyay hadda Butlerov aragti cusub tautomerism isomerization karo. Its qoraaga u maleeyeen in hab ay of cholesterol qabo qaab dhismeedka isku mid ah u taagoo iyo iyaga qas haraadiga formation of taagoo cusub oo qaab-dhismeedka kala duwan. saynisyahan wuxuu ka hadlay baahida loo qabo in la isticmaalo hababka kiimikada hab firfircoon. In si kale loo dhigo, waa in ay la tixgeliyaa sida hoganaya. kalsoonidii Alexander ayaa sida aragtida qoraaga tautomerism ah loo aqoonsan yahay xataa Peter Laar, farmashiyaha a Jarmal, ereyga "tautomerism" waxaa asal ahan.

Tutorial in Chemistry

Haddaba Butlerova hawsha ahayd in ay isticmaalaan uu aragtida dhismaha ayaa la xiriira oo dhan xeryahooda iyo jawaab ah chemistry organic, iyo sidoo kale la abuuro buugga cusub on kimistari organic. In buugaagta oo dhan ifafaale waa in la tixgeliyaa dhex askunmay ee aragtida ah uu abuuray. Ku dhawaad 2 sano Butlerov shaqeeyeen Abuurkiisa. Saddex daayo (in muddada u dhaxaysa 1864 in 1866), buug by Alexander M. "Hordhac baadhitaan dhamaystiran oo chemistry organic." Waa meel fog ka xoogbadan, wax loo yaqaan waqtiga buugaagta. shaqada Butlerova ayaa sababay kacaan sayniska. Horeba 1867 waxaan bilaabay in ay diyaariyaan ka turjumidda iyo daabacaadda kitaabkan in Jarmal. Markaasaa waxaa turjumaadaha oo ku qoran luqado kale ee waaweyn ee Europe.

Naso in shaqada Butlerovke at St. Petersburg University

Markii uu dhamaystay shaqo on buug oo intaa ka badan uu ku jiray estate uu Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich. Qoyskiisa dhowr jeer todobaadkii, halkan yimaado. wiilkii yaraa, Volodya, waa kan 2 sano jir ah, jecel yahay inuu u ciyaaro on berrin bannaan, oo ku yaalla meel u dhow gurigii. Waxaan jeclaaday in aan halkan ku nasan iyo Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich. xaqiiqooyinka Interesting isaga ku saabsan ka mid ah hamiday beerista ubaxa iyo abuurka uruuriyaa cayayaan.

Butlerov waxaa haatan uu waqti yar ee shaybaadhka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu raacay daahfurtay of saynisyahano. At initiative ee Mendeleev, farmashiyaha caanka ah, guga ee 1868 Alexander ayaa lagu casuumay in ay ka shaqeeyaan at St. Petersburg University. Halkan wuxuu bilaabay inuu Waanininaa, iyo sidoo kale abaabulay shaybaarka kiimikada ay. Seynisyahanno ku abuureen hab cusub ee waxbaridda. Wuxuu soo jeediyay dhaqanka shaybaarka, hadda ballaaran qaatay. Ardayda fasalka barashada qalabka kiimikada.

Helitaanka isobutylene

Butlerof sii cilmi in la horumariyo aragtida ah dhismaha. Waxa uu doonayay inuu cadeeyo in si toos ah iyo jahaysteen silsilad carbon yeelan karaan dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee xeryahooda organic. malo Tani waxay ka imanaysaa uu aragtida. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah si ay u caddeeyaan in dhaqanka ahaa. Ugu dambeyntii, dadaalka Alexander ayaa ku guul daraystay. Waxa uu helay isobutylene dheer la sugayay. Sayidka, joogitaanka jahaysteen-silsilad hydrocarbon la caddeeyey.

Involvement nolosha bulshada ee St. Petersburg

Butlerov, marka lagu daro baaritaan hawlaha, waxaa si firfircoon uga qayb nolosha bulshada ka mid ah caasimadda dalka Ruushka. bulshada Progressive waqtiga gaar ahaan ka walwalsan ah oo ku saabsan arrinta waxbarashada haweenka. Waxa daruuri ahayd in dumarka ay helaan waxbarashada sare. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, academy caafimaadka iyo qalliinka waxaa la aasaasay Jaamacadda for Women. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa laga soo abaabulay Bestuzhev koorsooyinka dumarka, kaas oo Alexander siiyey muxaadarooyin uu on kimistari.

Xubin ka ah Academy of Sciences

The hawlaha cilmiga this waxaa lagu abaal by Academy of Sciences. Butlerov loo doortay in 1871 academician aan caadi ahayn, iyo 3 sano ka dib - iyo dadka caadiga ah. Taas darteed, guri dabaq ah dhisme ay leedahay akadeemiga uu helay. Halkan uu ku noolaa iyo Zinin Nikolai Nikolaevich. Long-taagan saaxiibtinimo isaga la, ayaa sii xoojin u dhow dhow.

sano ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa

Life iyo shaqada Aleksandra Butlerova ilaa sannadihii ugu danbeeyay ee la xiriira sayniska. Laakiin sanadihii la soo maray iyo fasalka ardayda ku noqday mid aad u culus for Butlerova. saynisyahan The go'aansaday inuu ka tago jaamacadda. Waxa uu akhriyo muxaadaro sagootin 4 April 1880 go'aanka waxaa la kulmay niyad jab qoto dheer. Waxaa la og yahay in golaha sayniska weydiiyay Alexander ee joogista. Waxa uu loo doortay 5 sano oo kale.

Butlerov in la xadido dhaqdhaqaaqa jaamacadda. Waxa uu akhriyo keliya dabcan ugu weyn, iyo dhowr jeer toddobaadkii qaatay in fadhiyada shaybaarka. August 5, 1886 ku geeriyooday occlusions vascular Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich. Photos Chapel on qabriga Butlerova kor ku soo bandhigay.