Siyaasi Afghan Mohammad Najibullah: Biography, taariikhda iyo hab nolosha

Addoonkii marar badan, Mohammad Najibullah helay xoogga in aan gacangelin dadkooda iyo dalkooda. dil laga cabsado ee madaxweynihii hore ee amakaag ku aheyd taageerayaal uu ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale cadaawayaashayda, caroodeen dadka Afghan oo dhan.

Biography

Mohammed Najibullah - statesman, madaxweynaha Afghanistan ka 1986 ilaa 1992. Wuxuu ku dhashay tuulada Milan, meel u dhow magaalada Gardez, August 6, 1947. Aabbihiis, Akhtar Mohammad shaqeeyay qunsuliyadda ee Peshawar, awoowe - ka Ahmedzai qabiilka hogaamiyaha. Mohammad Najibullah carruurnimada qaatay dhow xadka Pak-Afghan, waxaa ka qalin jabiyay dugsiga sare.

In 1965 Najibullah biiray Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga oo uu hoggaaminaayey ardayda bulsho dimuqraadi ah sharci-darrada ah. In 1969 wuxuu la xiray ugu yeeray dadka si ay u diyaarinta kacdoonkii, ka qayb bannaanbaxyo iyo weerar. Bishii January 1970 ayuu mar kale la xiray, mar this for aflagaadeeyay Maraykanka iyo ficil lid ku ah dhex-dhexaad nimada dalka. Intii lagu guda jiray dibad, isaga iyo ardayda tuuray mishiinka ukunta Spiro Agnew - Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Mareykanka.

kulmintii hore

In 1975, Mohammad Najibullah ka University Medical ee Kabul qalin, ka dibna ka sii diiradda on hawlaha xisbiga, 1977 waxaa loo doortay xubin ka mid ah golaha dhexe ee xisbiga Dimuqraadiga ah ee Afghanistan Dadka. Ka dib markii kacaanka uu hogaaminayo ee Golaha Kacaanka Saur iyo gudiga xisbiga ee Kabul a. Laakiin khilaafka xisbiga isaga lagu qasbay in ay ka baxaan caasimadda, Najibullah loo diray Iran sida ergo ah. Laakiin bishii October 1978 uu saaray xafiiska iyo u diiday jinsiyadda, dheehan Mohammad Najibullah ayaa lagu qasbay in ay tagaan Moscow, halkaas oo uu ku dhuumanayay ilaa December 1979 ilaa iyo Ciidamada Soviet ma gelin dhulka Afghanistan.

Hoyashada

Back ee dalka, Najibullah bilaabay inuu keeni ciidamada ammaanka, kordhinta shaqaalaha in soddon kun oo shaqaale ah, ugu horrayn 120 qof shaqeeyay adeegga ammaanka. Laakiin markaas isagu ma waxaa loo ogol yahay in ay ka shaqeeyaan nabadda, ururo badan, oo ay ku jiraan "Amnesty International", isaga oo lagu eedeeyay ku lug xiray sharci darro ah, jirdilka iyo xadgudubyada xuquuqda aadanaha ee. Laakiin wax caddeyn ah oo lagu soo eedeeyay ma ahaa, intii uu hawsha Diillin jirin argagixiso sida mass iyo burburinta dadka iyaga u gaar ah sida inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Amin.

Afghanistan: Mohammad Najibullah - Madaxweynaha

November 30, 1986, Najibullah loo doortay madaxweynaha Afghanistan. Laakiin tan iyo markii uu yimid in ay hoggaanka dalka ee xisbiga bilaabay mar kale kala: taageeray Karmal qaar ka mid ah, ka kale - Madaxweynaha hadda. Si bartey heshiisiinayo dhinacyada dagaalamaya, in January 1987 waxaa qaatay cadayn 'on dib u heshiisiinta qaran. " Baaqa qoray dhamaadka colaad firfircoon iyo gelida khilaafka wada hadal ku dhameeyaan.

Bishii December 1989, maalmo ka dib markii ciidamada Soviet uga fogaatay Afghanistan gudahood, Mujaahidiinta ay weerar ku qaaday Jalalabad ee. Mohammad Najibullah ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah ee dalka. March 5, 1990, maxkamadda ee halkistami la qabtay. Iyada oo laga jawaabayo, wasiirka difaaca ee dalka Shahnawaz Tanai abaabulay caasinimo hubaysan. Sheltered in mid ka mid ah Jeelal ku, Mohammad Najibullah amartay xakamaynta of dhirifka, iska caabin ah waxaa burbura by hore March. qabanqaabiyaha ee fallaago u carareen Pakistan, halkaas oo uu markii danbe ku biiray guutadii Hekmatyar.

Khiyaamooyinka on dhinacyada oo dhan

In 1990, Shevardnadze soo jeediyey in la baabi'iyo Guddiga inay ka shaqeeyaan Afghanistan, si ay u ansixiyaan go'aankeeda, waqti isku mid ah loo joojiyo bixinta ee hubka. Sayidka, dalka waxaa ka tagay iyada oo aan taageero ka Midowga Soofiyeeti, oo waxaa la, iyo Madaxweynaha Nadzhibulla Mohammad. cilmiga siyaasadda - sayniska ee isbedel iyo deganayn, dhabar jab ku xigta ahaa Maraykanka. In 1991, Dzheyms Beyker saxiixday amar ku saabsan joojinta hubka iyo sahayda rasaas khilaafsan dhinac ee Afghanistan. Tani waxay si weyn u dhimay saameynta ay Najibullah. April 16, 1992 wareejiyay uu post Najibullah Abdur Raxiim Hatefu, kuwaas oo la wareegay ku meel gaarka ah ee madaxtooyada. Oo bishii April ee sanadkii in , General Dostum abaabulay inqilaab keenay in ay awoodda Mujaahidiinta.

In xilliga dayrta ee 1992 Guud ee Hekmatyar iyo Massoud kasta oo kale oo lagu eedeeyay in ay gacan iyo ka tago qalabka iyo hubka ciidamada bakhaarada, ka tagay Kabul. Isla mar ahaantaana Midowga Soofiyeeti liquidated safaarada Afghanistan. Najibullah iyo taageerayaasha bixiyey wuxuu magangelyo siyaasadeed in tiro ka mid ah dalalka, oo ay ku jiraan Russia iyo Mareykanka, lakiin waxa uu go'aansaday inuu sii joogo Kabul, aan doonayn inay ku tuuraan dalka galay waqti adag sida a.

Ka hor inta qabashada magaaladii uu u suurtogashay in isaga, xaaskiisa iyo walaasheed tahriibiyaan carruurta leh ee Delhi. In Kabul, waxay ahaayeen walaalkiis Shapur Ahmadzai, oo madax ka ah ammaanka Dzhafsar, oo madax ka ah xafiiska Nadzhibulla Mohammad iyo Toohey. Journey nolosha qasbay Madaxweynihii hore in ay qaataan ka magangal safaarada India, ka dibna at Qaramada Midoobay. Xukuumadda ee dalka, si joogto ah la beddelo ee 1995 iyo 1996, ka dalbaday in ay soo saaraan Najibullah. The adag waxay ahayd dharbaaxo ku dhuftay ka dhanka ah Sokeeyaha hore. Kozyrev (Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda) ayaa sheegay in Moscow ma doonayaan in ay leeyihiin wax ay sameeyaan kuwa haraadiga taliskii hore ee Afghanistan.

geesiga The Last

September 26, 1996, Taliban ku qabsadeen caasimadda Afghanistan, Kabul, Najibullah iyo taageerayaashiisa ayaa lagu soo qaatay xafiiska Qaramada Midoobay. Wuxuu la weydiiyey inay saxeexaan ku saabsan aqoonsiga oo ah soohdinta Pakistan iyo Afgaanistaan, laakiinse wuu diiday. Ka dib markii jirdil ugu daran, ayaa lagu xukumay Madaxweynihii hore ee dhimashada Mohammad Najibullah. dil ayaa ka dhacay on 27 September, Najibullah iyo walaalkiis ku xidheen baabuur iyo jiideen in qasriga madaxtooyada, halkaas oo markaas la deldelay.

Xabaal Najibullah ka dib markii caadooyinkii Islam Taliban ka mamnuucay, laakiin dadka weli soo xusuustay, oo sharaf badan xusuustiisa, dadka in Peshawar iyo Quetta qarsoodi ah ka akhriso uu salaadda. Marka Meydkiisa ayaa waxaa lagu wareejiyay weli u qabiilkii Laanqayrta Cas, Ahmadzai halkaas oo uu awoowe uu ahaa hogaamiye,, oo waxaa lagu aasay uu magaalada hooyo ee Gardez.

On guuradii laba iyo tobnaad ee dhimashada Najibullah marka hore ururiyay dibad si loo sharfo xusuusta. Head of Party of Afghanistan "Barcaelona" Dzhabarhel soo jeediyay in Mohammad Najibullah lagu dilay baxdaan cadaawayaashiinna, oo cadaawayaashiinna dadka ku amar ka baxsan. 2008 Baadhitaan dadka degan muujisay in 93.2% dadka ahaayeen ay guushu ku Najibullah.