Simone Martini: Biography iyo shuqullo

Italy ayaa keenay fanaaniinta ugu weyn dunida, kuwaas oo abuuray masterpieces ay waqti. Mid ka mid ah kuwan Sweden ee rinjiyeynta ka hadhay ee "wadnaha ee Italy" by Simone Martini. Baro uu Biography ma fududeyn. All statements ka hadhay ee, lahaa in ay eegaan dokumentiyada iyo tixraacyo dadka wakhtigaas.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee dib taariikhda u ah dhacdooyinka iyo nolosha Simone Martini guulaysteen, inkasta oo ay sheeko tani ma aha sidaas siman. Meelaha qaarkood waxaa jira su'aalo, meel ka jiraan firaaqo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in shuqullada artist ah ugu mahad naqa, waxaa lagu soo bandhigi karaa oo hadda bilaabi - nolosha.

laga bilaabo

Nasiib darro, Simone Martini Biography bilaabmaa dhimashada. Maalintani waa maalinta keliya saxda ah, taas oo suurtagashay in ay hesho cilmi. In mid ka mid ah cathedrals ee Siena - San Domenico, entries laga helay, ay sabab u tahay taas oo noqday kuwa loo yaqaan in artist weyn halkan on August 4, 1344 ku geeriyooday. Taariikhda dhabta ah ee uu ku dhashay suurtogal ma aha in la ogaado. Ku dhowaad kaliya loo yaqaan sano ah - 1284-th. Waxaa lagu qeexay sida ay warbixin ku muujisay on xabaashii of rinjiile: Macluumaadka akhriya in Martini ayaa ku dhintay da'da 60 sano.

muuqaalka

su'aalo More kici ee la xiriirta xagga dibedda ee Talyaaniga. Saaxiibkiis ugu fiican, Petrarch caanka sheegay in Simone ma ahayn u qurux badan. Cilmibaadhayaasha ayaa go'aansaday in la raadiyo image ee artist ee farshaxankiisa. Mid baa ku arkay gambanaya Masiixa ka hor Bilaatos, qof arkay isaga in image ee geesigeeda a. Qiyaasta sawirka suurto gal ah ee fresco ah "Miracle ee ka soo sarakicidda kuwii wiilka."

30 sano ee ugu horeeya

Tani waxay muddo nolosha abuuraha, nasiib daro, lama yaqaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira talooyin in Simone ku dhashay Siena. Aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa plasterer degaanka ah, kuwaas oo loo diyaariyey shiraac ah ee rijiyeeyay. Inta badan, taasi waa waxa horseeday artist si xirfadda mustaqbalka.

Waxaa suuro gal ah in wiilka bartay tahay in studio ee Duccio, laakiin dadka ayaa u yimid inuu abuure ka dib markii la abuurayo "Maesty". sano oo hadda loo yaqaan qoraalkan of this shiraac - 1315 th. Xogtan la helay ee ku yiilleen ee fresco ah. Inkastoo, haddii shaqada sida amartay dowladda magaalada, ka dibna waxaa iska cad in rinjiile hore u lahaa sumcad wanaagsan. "Maesta" degay Pubblico Palazzo ah. meeshan qurxinta ka qaadaan oo kaliya sayidkiisii u fiican ee uu farsamo.

Waxaa xusid mudan in artist ka shaqeeya on darey uu, wuxuu damcay inuu tusi doono oo dhan oo ka mid ah ugu dabiiciga ah oo dhab ah. suurtagalnimada wuxuu ka muuqdaa shuqulladiisa. Sidaa darteed, isagoo si kale maamulka magaalada si ay sawir qalcadda ka helay, ayuu halkaas u tegey inuu waxba ma arkaan oo kaliya inuu indhaha u gaar ah shay ka mid ah tahay, laakiin sidoo kale dareemayaa jawi dagaal iyo Fatxi. Markaasaa addoonkiisii wuxuu soo ururiyey, iyo faraskii oo wuxuu tegey Safar ah. Kabarta danbe la geeyaa hoolka Mappomondo durba 1331. Bal yaa yaqaan sheyga waa mid aad u adag, maxaa yeelay, waxaa loo arkaa in la baabbi'iyo, laakiin cilmi rajeynayaa inay qariyaan uu fiirin.

xaqiiqooyinka

Waxay yihiin, nasiib daro, wax yar. Isku dayga in ay dib nolosha Simone Martini, oo aad ku dul xogta xaqiijin turunturoon karo. Tusaale ahaan, waxaa la og yahay in rinjiile u safray Assisi. Oo taasuna waxay ahayd in 1310-mada. Waxaa uu ka soo qaadeen shaqada, qurxinta kiniisadda of San Francesco daaqadaha wasakheeyey-muraayad. Later, wuxuu halkan iyo frescoes abuuray.

Waxaa jira warar sheegaya in Martin ahaa waqti cayiman ee Naples, in kastoo ay jiraan wax caddeyn documentary of this. Isaga oo safar magaalada Naples ku xiran yahay si ay meesha allabariga oo lagu sharfayo horraysay ee Lyudovika Tuluzskogo.

style

toban sano gudahood, cilmi ayaa awooday in ay ka heli ururinta badan oo farshaxankiisa ku dul hagaajiyeen qoryaha, kaas oo kuu ogolaanaya inaad si ay ula socdaan isbedelka ka shaqaynayeen Simone. frescoes The, kaas oo la sameeyey Assisi, lahaa sifooyinka protodzhottistskie hanti, laakiin shaqada ka dib sameeyey fadilnaa style gotiziruyuschim. Last aan beddelay ma aha oo kaliya mugga, laakiin soo jeeda iyo line in shuqullada.

By shaqo ee wakhtigan si ammaan saarin karaa laba polyptych ka kiniisadda Santa Catarina iyo Museum in Orvieto. Inkasta oo cilmi ayaa dhowr jeer ku qaadeen falanqaynta stylistic, taas oo muujinaysaa in dambaysta ah waxaa loola jeedaa sanad-aad polyptych 1320. By habka, kakanaanta waxbarasho ee shaqada this waxaa sababtoo ah dokumentiga laga helay dhowr caawiyeyaasha in abuurka ah ee wax soo saarka this.

dhaqdhaqaaqa xorta ah

In magaalada waxaa jiray waraaqaha iyo warbixin ku saabsan lacagaha rinjiile. Iyo mushaarka la soo saaray si joogto ah, oo sidaas daraaddeed, in artist Siena ku xad si firfircoon uga soo shaqeeyay. Isla siiyey iyo shuqul kasta oo ah oo Martini ayaa lacagta loo helo, oo ay adag tahay in la garto, sida qaar ka mid ah ayaa laga badiyay dhammaantiis.

Waxaa jira cadaymo muujinaya in Simone helay dhaqaalaha saabsan wax ka beddelka ay abuurka Naftooda "Maesta". Xaqiiqada ah in fresco ayaa dumay sababo la xiriira siibatay biyaha. Sidoo kale, artist ka helay dhaqaalaha iskutallaabta-rinji ah, kaas oo uu ku Qaddarray dhameysan abuure kale. Si joogto ah in 1322, Martin lacag helay shaqo for Pubblico Palazzo ah.

nolosha Personal

Guurka abuure Talyaani ka dhacay 1324. Uu lover noqday Giovanna, gabadhii Filippuchcho. Waxaan u qaadan karnaa in arooska ahaa heer sare ah, sida Martini helay lacag badan ay shaqada. Caddeynta waa xaqiiqada ah in ka hor arooska, guri oo uu naagtiisa mustaqbalka uu soo iibsaday. Iyo hadiyad sida uu u duulay lacag aad u badan, oo uu bixiyo 220 florins dahab ah (oo ay ahayd saddex jeer sida ugu badan ee lacagta uu ka helay ee uu shaqo aad u fiican la image ee qalcadda a).

hadiyad noocan oo kale ah waxaa laga yaabaa in loo fasiro sida shukriya deeqsinimada. Ka dib oo dhan, wakhtigaas rinjiile ay horey u ahayd 40 sano jir ah oo uu dooqday ahaa mid aad u JNA. Simone dareemay waajib inaan u mahad gabadha for wixii ay ku heshiiyeen in ay guursadaan nin aamusan da'doodu tahay. By guurka, artist ahaa awoodaan in la dhiso xiriir dhow qoyska Lippo, kuwaas oo ay awoodaan inay sugaan ilaa dhamaadka abuurka Martini. muujinta cad ee xiriir dhow-xidhantay la qaraabada uu naagtiisa ahayd wax soo saarka ka mid ah "Annunciation of Uffizi ah", halkaas oo ah qaababka fahmayaan of qoyska Lippo.

shaqada Qoyska

guursanayeen oo artist ka dib sii shaqo firfircoon jihada of abuurka. In 1326, uu abuuray web weyn, taasi oo markii dambe la odhan jiray "aad u wanaagsan", iyo lacagta, waayo, wuxuu ahaa mid istaahila. sanadka soo socda uu abuuray rinjiyeynta labada calammo kuwaas oo, nasiib daro, in aannu mar aan ka badbaaday. Waxay ku Nagi ina King Robert.

In ka 1320 ee daahay uu abuuray labo shuqullada, kuwaas oo sidoo kale loo arkaa in laga badiyay. Midkii kowaad wuxuu u hibeeyeen ilaa ay labadii malaa'igood, oo loo abuuray inay Pubblico Palazzo iyo hawlgalka labaad tusay mucaaradka ah Marco Regoli oo loo dhigay in hall ee Consistory ah.

France

Avignon, magaalo yar oo ku Provence, waqtiga, noqday xarunta farshaxanka dhaqan dunida oo dhan. Halkan ururiyey fanaaniinta oo dhan ka Europe, uu shaqo iyo aqoon-isweydaarsiga oo dhan u keeneen. In 1336 Waxaan halkan iyo Simone helay. Halkan doorka weyn ka ciyaaray by stratification ee bulshada, taas oo Martini isku dayay inaan si dhow u "dadka dheer". Oo isna sidaasuu yeelay kharashka uu farshaxanka, fulinta amarada maamulka sare.

Nasiib darro, warbixin ku saabsan shaqada ee Martini ee France aad u yar. Waxaa jira waraaqaha rasmiga ah, taas oo muujineysa ah mowqifka hortag ah abuuraha. Waxa uu ku dooday markhaati ganacsiga kirada, sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa xisbi khilaafka sharci ah.

On shuqullada in la ogaadaa in ay laga helay jajabkii ka Notre-Dame-de-wadini, sida ay u badan tahay in artist gacanta a lahaa in frontispiece ee qoraal gacmeedka ah Virgil, taas oo ka hor waxaa laga heleyaa Petrarch. Sidoo kale loo yaqaan rinjiyaynta "The Family Quduuska ah", oo ku yaalla Liverpool.

dhimashada

Sida la og yahay, rinjiile ku dhintay 1344. Uu "cudur halis ah" oo aan la garaneyn curyaamiyay. Talyaani ogaaday in uu dhamaadka dhowayd, oo si yar oo maalmo ka hor geeridiisa sameeyey doonistiisa ah oo hantida oo dhan ku kala qaraabada naagtiisa. Dukumiintigaas ayaa goobjoog ka nootaayo ah Florence - Galgani.

"Annunciation"

sawir Simone Martini "Annunciation" waxaa la aasaasay sannadkii 1333. Farshaxankii u abuuray meesha allabariga Ansan ah, oo ku yaalla Siena. Background dahab kabarta in u taagan samo iyo dushana Maryan caqli iyo siman. Mikaa'iil oo Gabriel waxaa soo bandhigay tirada shiraac firfircoon, dharkiisa waxaa sameeyey, iyo baalashooda ku helay qaab oo duulaya. Description (Simone Martini "Annunciation") ayaa qarsoodiga lahayn, iyo xujooyinka qaar ka mid ah. Sawirka xambaarsanyahay, wax aad u jilicsan, laakiin dhalaalaya waqti isku mid ah iyo Ilaahi ah.

Images in loo aqoonsado on kabarta ah, asalka ah. gabal kasta goonidiisa u eg madarad ah, waxaa aad u jilicsan iyo ethereal. Saints Ansan oo Yulitta, on lid ku ah, u soo baxay arrin weyn oo macquul ah.

"Madonna"

Sidoo kale xusid mudan waa wax soo saarka ah ee "Madonna". Simone Martini abuuray dhar caadi ahayn, kaas oo dad badan oo u aaneeyey inay muddo ugu dambeeyey ee hal-abuurka, ka badan baaluq. Caan ku tilmaantii Abuuraha reer asalka dahab ah oo midabo casaan iyo buluug, khadadka jilicsan, khadadka qatarsanaa ee tiradaasi of Mary ah. Fresco ayaa difaacday sifooyinka of style Gothic, kaas oo ahaa caan ku rinjiile ee muddada soo daahay ee uu shaqada.

Shaqadan waxaa jecel yahay taageerayaasha badan ee qoraaga qudhiisa - Simone Martini. Hermitage uu noqday gurigiisa khasnadda ah in tan iyo 1911 dukaamada alaabta derbiyadeeda gudahood.

curiyay More

The rinjiyeynta ugu caansan by Simone Martini - "Maesta". Waxay u badan tahay in ay ahayd shaqo horeeyay ee koob weyn ah abuuraha. Cilmi baadhayaashu waxay aaminsan yihiin in masterpiece this waxaa la abuuray sarkhaansan Duccio. Filimku wuxuu leeyahay qaar ka mid ah sifooyin aad u sax ah in aan la heli karin in Duccio. iyaga ka mid ah, la beddelo midabyo, qaabab iyo khadadka.

Waxaa xusid mudan in joogitaanka in ururinta dunida ka mid ah farshaxankiisa by Simone Martini, "sawirka ee Laura." Shaqadan waxaa loo soocay inay fannaaniin kale Petrarch, kuwaas oo amar ku bixiyay in image ee uu jecel yahay.

Wax badan ayaa lagu yiri karo oo ku saabsan artist this. Hal-abuurka Simone Martini haddii aanan aqoon ayaa ilaa iyo dhamaadka, waxaa laga yaabaa in mararka qaarkood ay ku qiyaasay, weli weli caadi ahayn cad oo xiiso iyo kuwo fanka Talyaani. artist ayaa ah "hadiyad" weyn ee dhaqanka dunida, iyo shuqulladiisii ayaa raajiyey sifooyinka oo masterpieces si fudud u garan karo Martini.