Sharcigu wuxuu koowaad iyo labaad ee Faraday

elektrolytka ayaa had iyo jeer waxay leedahay xaddi gaar ah oo udhigo calaamooyin "daray" iyo "jaray", ay diyaariyeen ficil ah u taagoo of walxaha kala diri la dareeraha ah. Marka ay dhacdo in beerta koronto, udhigo bilaabo inuu u electrodes, rush wanaagsan xagga cathode ah, negative - in anode ah. Ka dib markaad gaartey electrodes ah, udhigo iyaga siin amray iyaga waxaa beddelay atamka dhexdhexaad ah oo waxaa lagu shubo on electrodes ah. The udhigo dheeraad ah oo ku haboon in electrodes ah, ugu weyn dib loo dhigo doono maadooyinka.

Tani waxa lagu soo gunaanaday aan iman karo oo siman. Gudbinta hadda ah iyada oo loo marayo xal aqueous of copper sulfate , iyo dhawri doonaa daayo of copper on cathode carbon. Waxaan ogaanay in marka hore waxaa lagu daboolayaa lakabka ah ee copper oo kali ah lagu dareemi karaa, ka dibna sida bandwidth hadda badin doonaa, oo ay dabada dheeraaday ee hadda waa la heli karo ee koronto carbon lakabka badan oo dhumucdiisuna waxay of copper, taas oo waa wax fudud in Alxan, tusaale ahaan, silig naxaas.

The ifafaale ee wax go'doomin on electrodes halka maraayay hadda marayo elektrolytka waxaa lagu magacaabaa electrolysis.

Isagoo maraya hadda electrolysis kala duwan oo si taxadar leh lagu qiyaaso mass walax la soo saaray ee electrodes kasta oo elektrolytka ah, Ingiriisi ah Faraday jirka ee 1833 - 1834 sano. Waan ka furay laba Law for electrolysis.

sharciga ugu horeysay Faraday ee uu abuurayaa xiriirka u dhexeeya mass ah walax xoreeyeen electrolysis iyo qiimaha mas'uul ah in uu joogsadey iyada oo elektrolytka ah.

sharciga Tan waxaa loo qaabeeyey sida soo socota: mass of walax in loo qoondeeyey intii lagu electrolysis ah, on koronto kasta waa si toos ah uu u dhigmaa qadarka lacag kaas oo dhex maray elektrolytka ah:

m = kq,

halkaas oo m - mass ee wax kaas oo ahaa mid go'doonsan, q - la'aan.

k Qiimaha - walax elektrohimicheskimy u dhigma. Waa caadiga ah ee walax kasta oo la sii daayay inta lagu guda jiro elektrolytka ah.

Haddii aad qaadato formula q = 1 surto oo ah, ka dibna k = m, ie u dhigma electrochemical oo ah walaxda in ay tiro ahaan siman yihiin in miisaanka walax ka elektrolytka ee la doortay maraya lacag in mid ka mid ah la surto.

Lisitaanka caanaha via waxaan ka mas'uul hadda iyo markii t, waxaan ka heli:

m = Kit.

sharciga hore ee Faraday hubiyaa on waayo-aragnimo ah sida soo socota. Gudbinta hadda marayo electrolytes A, B iyo C. Haddii ay isku mid, ka dibna tiro ka mid ah mukhaadaraadka ee la doortay ee A, B iyo C waxaa loola dhaqmi doonaa sida hadda aan, I1, I2. Tirada walxaha la doortay ee A, waa loo siman yahay si ay u soo tiriya reer reer muda ah loo qoondeeyey B iyo C, tan iyo hadda aan = I1 + I2.

sharciga labaad Faraday ee uu abuurayaa tiirsanaanta ee u dhigma electrochemical ah oo miisaankeedu yahay iyo valence qaaradda maalka iyo diyaariyey sida soo socota: dhiganta electrochemical maalkii noqon doonaa saamiyeed si ay miisaanka qaaradda, iyo dhigmayn in ay valency.

Ratio ah oo miisaankiisu qaaradda maalkii ay valence yeedhay kiimikada walax u dhigma. Gelida qiimaha this, sharciga labaad Faraday ee la diyaariyey karaa si ka duwan: dhigma electrochemical oo ah walaxda waa saami u dhigma kiimikada iyaga u gaar ah.

Ha u dhigma Electrochemical walxaha kala duwan yihiin siday u kala horreeyaan K1 iyo K2, k3, ..., Kn, dhigma kiimikada isku mid ah x1 isla walxaha iyo x2, x23, ..., xn, ka dibna K1 / K2 = x1 / x2, ama K1 / x1 = K2 / x2 = k3 / x3 = ... = Kn / xn.

In si kale loo dhigo, ratio ee u dhigma electrochemical oo ah walaxda in xaddiga walax la mid ah waa joogto ah oo dhan walxaha isagoo qiime isku mid:

k / x = c.

Taas waxaa raacda in ratio ee k / x waa joogto ah walxaha dhan:

k / x = c = 0, 01036 (meq) / k.

Qiimaha waxay muujinaysaa in sida badan milligram dhigma walxaha on electrodes la sii daayay inta lagu guda jiro marinka loo marayo elektrolytka ee la'aan korontada, loo siman yahay ilaa 1 coulomb. sharciga labaad ee Faraday wakiil formula ah:

k = cx.

Badalaa ra'yi this for k sharciga ugu horeeya ee Faraday, laba la isku daro karaa hal hadal ah:

m = kq = cxq = cxIt,

halkaas oo c - joogta caalamiga ah ee 0 00001036 (Equatorial) / k.

formula Tani waxay muujinaysaa in maraya hadda isku mid ah isla muddadaas waqti laba elektrolytka kala duwan, waxaan kala soo baxay labada tiro ee walxaha electrolytes ku saabsan dhigma sida kiimikada oo dhanba.

Tan iyo markii x = A / n, ka dibna waxaan ku qori kartaa:

m = ca / qindhicil,

i.e., cufka walax xushay on electrodes lagu jiro electrolysis uu ku noqon karo si toos ah saamiyeed si ay miisaanka qaaradda, hadda, waqtiga, iyo dhigmayn in valency ah.

sharciga labaad ee Faraday in electrolysis, iyo sidoo kale ugu horreeyey, si toos ah sidan soo socota ka dabiiciga ah ee hadda ra'iyi in xalka ah.

sharciga, Lenz, iyo sidoo kale physicists kale oo badan oo caan ah Faraday ayaa door weyn ee taariikhda iyo horumarinta physics.