Saacba on the Kremlin ee Spassky Tower: The Story iyo sawiro

saacad caansan dunida ee ku Spasskaya Tower ee Federation Ruush ee caasimada muuqday waqti dheer ka hor, sida la sheegtay by taariikhyahan, in 1404. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay la aasaasay markii ugu horeysay oo aan noobiyaddii Kremlin ah, oo waxay ahaayeen in ku dhow Cathedral ee Annunciation ah, xaq maxkamadda reer boqor ee aad Vasily Dmitrievich. Magaca odayga kii iyaga uumay, weligiis imprinted in qorna sano kuwa: "qorshe chasnik - Prince laftiisa, saacad dhigay-Serbia wadaad Laasaros."

taariikhda Kremlin Clock

Erayga "ogashahay" af Faransiis loo tarjumay sida "hadda". All oo naga mid ah laga soo bilaabo yaraantooda caan Kremlin ay ogashahay, dagaal kaas oo aynu u dabaal Sannadka Cusub, waxay leeyihiin taariikh cajiib ah. Waxay yihiin munaaraddii saacad, taas oo, si ay u go'an ee dawanno soco mahad dhaadheer dagaal muusikada oo luuq gaar ah. dhismaha saacadda Tani waxay ku jeedaa Square Cas oo uu leeyahay iridda hore safarka ah, oo mar kasta, marka laga reebo kacaan, tixgeliyaa quduuska ah.

Kaliya ee 1658 ilaa munaaraddii kor Spassky ay magaca helay, ka hor inta aan la odhan jiray Florovsky ahaa mid ka mid ah 20 munaaradaha ee Kremlin, sida ay dhisay 1491 artist Talyaaniga iyo naqshada Antonio Solari. Sida laga soo xigtay celisa dokumentiyadii taariikhiga ahaa, saacad on Tower Spasskaya ayaa lagu rakibay ee sayid watchmaker qarnigii XVI sannaddaas helay mushaar wanaagsan iyo dharka afar yard maro.

saacba waxaa si buuxda u kasbaday ee 1585. Xaqiiqada ah in ay ka hor jiraye, iyo waxay muujinaysaa cadaymo kale, waxa ay u muuqataa ku lahayd saddex irdood oo ka mid ah dhismayaasha munaaraddii Kremlin at - Spassky (Florovsky), Trinity iyo Qarsoon - ayaa ka diiwaan gashan adeegidda "Breviary." Bilowga ee qarnigii XVII on munaaradaha Kremlin (marka laga reebo Nikolskaya) ahaayeen teendhooyinkoodii, iyo in this munaaraddii toban-Spasskaya mahad noqday gaaraan height ah 60 mitir. Watchmaker ee 1614 noqday Nikifor Nikitin, wuxuu masuul ka ah dayactirka ahaa oo lagu dhiso warshad qaab waqtiga. Waxa kale oo aanu ognahay in dagaal saacad, yimid in complete burbur, waxaa la gadaa 1624 miisaanka Spassky keniisad Yaroslavl.

Christopher farsamo Gollueya

saacad ah Spasskaya Tower ee Kremlin Moscow ee waqtiga ahaayeen ugu heer hoose ah, marka lagu daro, aad bay u ka dab joogto ah soo gaaray, ka dibna si Moscow, uu ku casuumay ka watchmaker Ingiriisi caanka Christopher Gollueya. isaga sancaynta caawiyay Ruush - Zhdanov, wiilkiisa iyo awow Alex Shumila. In 1626, saacad on Tower Spasskaya gubay oo la dhisay mar kale Galloway.

artist Ruush Bazhenov Ogurtsov ee 1636 abuuray iyaga taambuuggiisa boqornimo, kaas oo noqday decoration oo dhan galidoonaan ah naqshadda ee Kremlin. Saacadaha soo shaqeeyay on saarka ee ku qastaan Vologda - aabbihiis iyo ina Virachevy oo la hago habka Galloway. Waayo, "perechasya" doontid Kirillom Samoylovym 13 dawanno waxaa lagu tuuray.

Oo wakhtigaas, mushaharka ee sayidkiisa Ingiriisi ahaa 64 rubles sanadkiiba. farsamo Old saacad ah waxaa lagu iibiyey 48 rubles. Tani waxay muujisay in watchmakers ee Moscow riyaaqay ixtiraam weyn iyo mudnaanta, ay mushahar weyn, gaar ahaan mahadiyo kuwa raacay saacad munaaraddii. Waayo, shaqaalaha, waxaa la abuuray xataa war qoraal ah oo gaar ah, taas oo taasna waxaa lagu qoray in Tower Spasskaya ahaa wax aan macquul aheyn in uu wax cabbo, ciyaaro kaararka, in laga gado tubaako, khamri iyo wixii la mid ah. D.

saacadood Description

Sida laga soo xigtay saffarro waqtiga, waxa ay ahayd saacad ah magaalada cajiib ah oo bir ah. Sababtoo ah halka ay quruxda iyo qalabka ay ahaayeen caan adduunka oo dhan, iyo sharaf leh codka waxaa laga maqlay in ka badan 10 miles. dial ayaa waxaa rinji buluug ah. Qaybta ugu muhiimsan iyo bartamaha ee ay kala duwan ku hadhay taagan, halka dhanka dibadda ah ee width waa 1 mitir, wareejiyo. saacba ahaayeen xuruuf warqad Slavic ah oo miisaankiisu wuxuu ahaa 3 saacadood, 400 kg.

Kremlin Clock waxaa qiyaasay maalintii iyo habeenkii waqtiga tirada tilmaamay Slavic iyo waraaqaha (copper dahaarka leh kula dahab ah), iyo ciyaaray music. Halkii fallaadho ahaa qorraxda ku jirase aad u dheer ku lifaaqan qaybta sare ee dial ugu weyn ee waaweyn. disk The waxaa loo kala qaybiyey 17 qaybood oo loo siman yahay, taas oo ay sabab u ahayd dhigaha ugu badan ee maalintii xagaaga. Mid disk qariyeen dhaldhalaalka buluug, iyo waxa ay ku kala baahsan yihiin xiddigaha lacag iyo dahab iyo sanamyadii qorraxda, iyo dayaxa. Dials (ballaciisu yahay 5 m) wuxuu jiray laba. Mid ka mid ah jeeda xagga Kremlin, tegey kale si Shiinaha Town.

Peter aan

By dhamaadka saacad qarnigii XVII ku Kremlin ee Spassky Tower mar dhigay Christopher Gollueem noqday gebi ahaanba ku noolyihiin, ka dibna 1704 ka Holland on Sea, Peter aan keentaa cusub. Waxay la keenay ka Arkhangelsk in soddon gaadhi, ka khasnadda ku saabsan arrintaan ayaa loo qoondeeyay in ka badan 42,000 oo Efimkov (qadaadiic lacag Yurub Western). dalka oo dhan, wakhtiga kala guurka si tirec hal maalin. Saddex sano ka dib, saacad weyn la dial 12-saac ah lagu rakibay on Tower Spasskaya ah. Waxay qaadatay Ekim Garnov iyo tababartayaasha yar kuwaas oo toosin iyo bilaabay farsamo ah 20 maalmood.

CAP sayidkiisa

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, muddo ka dib, oo idinku qataara, kuwanu waa duqoobay, oo ka dib markii dab weyn ee 1737 iyo burbur uusan dhacay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, by wakhtigan caasimada hore u ahaa Petersburg, iyo sababtoo ah dayactirka marnaba ahaayeen in si dhaqso ah.

Marka kor u carshiga Catherine II, waxayna noqotay xiiso u ogashahay Kremlin. Later Berlin watchmaker Fatts (CAP) ayaa bedeli doona saacad ogashahay Ingiriisi dheeraad ah, oo laga helay ee Palace ee ku saabsan. Muddo saddex sannadood, hoos hoggaanka, ay ku rakibi doonaan Ivan Polyansky - sayidkiisa Ruush, shaqada la dhamaystiri doono in 1770. Tan iyo markii ay odayga ugu weyn waxaa la soo saaray dibadda, ka dibna waxa uu ka badan doonaa Kremlin waxay ka dhawaajiyeen song O du Lieber Augustin ( «Oh du Lieber Augustin"). Tani waa arrin kaliya ee taariikhda saacad, markii ay la ciyaarayeen song shisheeye.

Napoleon jeer

Marka laga Moscow eryey, ciidamada Napoleon ee, on the Kremlin ee Spassky Tower saacad maray baaritaan dhamaystiran, oo wuxuu helay in hab saacad ay shaqeyn weydo. Kolkaasaa sayidkii Yakov Lebedev in February, bisha 1813 bixiyey inaan ku saxno ay lacag. Waxa uu ku Aaminto kiiska, laakiin ka hor wuxuu lahaa inuu lasoo saxiixdo in uu si buuxda u baxaan qaab hawleed. Iyo 2 sano ka dib saacad ah ayaa soo socda, iyo Lebedev ayaa la gudoonsiiyey abaalmarinta lagu magacaabo of sayidkiisa watchmaker saacadood Spassky.

a labaatan sano kadib, isku day kale oo la sameeyey si aad u nadiifiso hab ay, oo aan istaagin horumarka ogashahay, laakiin ma Liibaano. Markaas in gabi ahaanba la soo kiraystay by shirkadda Butenop walaalo ah. In 1850 saacba waxaa kala dhantaashay isku dhaceen farsamo, qaybo ka mid duqoobay bedelay. Waqtigaa, ayaa la sariirta cusub tuuray, iyada oo miisaankiisu wuxuu ahaa 25 tons. Intii lagu guda jiray fulinta shaqadan shirkadda helay lacagta xaddiga 12 000 rubles. Sidaas darteed, in March 1852, shuqulladiisa oo dhammu way dhammaadeen, iyo markii ugu horeysay ee ogashahay ee noobiyaddii bilaabay si ay u fuliyaan melodies "Preobrazhensky March" iyo "ammaan waa Rabbiganno."

saacadood Updated soo shaqeeyay 25 sano, iyo in 1878 300 rubles u hagaajinno iyagii kaxeeyey Master W. Freimuth, oo noqday watchmaker soo socda munaaradaha Kremlin. Markii hore, waxa ay ahayd lagama maarmaan in ogashahay ciyaaray habayn ah ee "Ilaah badbaadi Tsar ah!" Laakiin Nicholas Emperor aan looma oggola inay sidaa sameeyaan, ee raba inay ka dhawaajiyaan music kasta, marka laga reebo ku gabyeen. In 1913 a dib u soo celinta-buuxa lagu qaaday for guuradii ee guri ammaan Romanov ah. Company Butenop walaalaha sii waday in ay u adeegaan hab ay.

kacaanka

Yimid wakhtiyada adag ee Kacaanka Oktoobar, iyo in 1917 dagaalkii la si toos ah ku dhuftay wejiga iyo si xun u dhaawacay saacad halyeeyga. In xagaagii 1918, markii Moscow noqday caasimada mar kale, V. I. Lenin baray xukuumadda in ay si deg deg ah lagu cusboonaysiiyo ogashahay ah.

Masters sugayay muddo dheer, qof kasta oo ka baqay in ay qaataan shaqada. watch magac caan ah (shirkad Bure iyo Roginskii) weydiistay idiina weyn, oo wakhtigaas ayaa awoodi waayay in loo qoondeeyo gobolka cusub ee qabtay. Ka dibna ku dhiso ka dibna qaaday makaaniga Kremlin ee N. I. Berens. Wuxuu ogaa sida hab ay adag, sidii aabbihiis lahaa soo shaqeeyay shirkad ka hor inta adeegaya ogashahay. Oo isaga caawin xaalkan ku heshiiyeen Cheremnyh artist JM, wuxuu ahaa gool isla on music ee "Waxaad ku dhaceen dhibane" iyo "International" codsi ka yimid hoggaamiyaha proletariat ah.

Ka dibna la pendulum cusub qaali mitir ah oo ku saabsan mid ka mid ah iyo badh oo dherer ah waxaa la abuuray iyo miisaamay 32 kg. shuqullada dib u soo celinta ayaa dhameystirtay bishii September 1918. Markaas Muscovites ah markii ugu horeysay maqlay garaaca ah saacba on Tower Spasskaya ah. markii qaar ka mid ah ka dib, in 1932, ogashahay mar kale u baahan yihiin dayactir. Masters soo saaray waji cusub (nuqul ah saxda ah ee ka mid ah jirka) iyo dib-u-sharraxnaan jirtay qar, tirada iyo fallaadho on u tegey oo ku saabsan 28 kiilo oo dahab ah.

Stalin

At jihada Stalin isku dayeen in ay qabsadaan saacba ay u habayn ku leedahay heesta Soviet Aleksandrova qoray cusub, laakiin in waxba idiinma tarin. In 1991 mar kale inuu doonayo inuu ku dhammayn lahaa hawshan, laakiin waxay u soo baxay, taasi uguma aysan filneyn saddex dawanno. In 1996, ka dib markii 58 sano tischiny, Kremlin ay ogashahay luuq ciyaaray caleema saarka Madaxweynaha Ruush B. N. Eltsina ( "Patriotic Song" iyo "ka nasahan" M. I. Glinki).

dib u soo celinta ee la soo dhaafay ka dhacay 1999, waxaa socday muddo lix bilood ah. Fallaaro mar kale ku sharraxnaan jirtay, soo celinta muuqaalka oo dhan iyo halkii ay ka "Song Patriotic" saacad ugu dambeyntii ku dhuftay ilaa heesta qaranka ee Ruushka.

Kremlin Clock: photo iyo cabbir

Saacadaha mashquulin dabaq gaarka ah ee Tower Spassky Oo tan iyo 8-dii si ay 10-ka. Ay farsamo ugu weyn waxa uu ku yaalaa qol gaar ah dabaqa 9aad. Its actuated saddex miisaanka culayska ka ah oo ku saabsan 160 224 kg. farsamo muusikada ka kooban yahay dhowr ah dawanno (kulligoodna waxaa lagu dhigay ku salaysan kala duwan oo gaar ah) iyo kuwa lagu magacaabo dhululubo software ah oo dhexroor gaaro laba mitir, waxa ay isku bedbedeli doono iyo miisaanka a Rafaa ee miisaankeedu yahay 200 kiilo garaam.

musmaarradii dhululubada ah actuated Dawan, mid kasta oo miisaankeedu yahay 500 kg. Dawanno iska dhigeen dabaqa tobnaad. By habka, mid ka mid ah ayaa sheegay in ku sameeyey Klavdiy Fremi ee Amsterdam ee xagaagii 1628.

Way adag tahay in la qiyaaso xajmiga oo dhan ka mid ah qalabka, waa kaliya dial leeyahay ballaciisu yahay 6.12 m. Waa maxay, ka dibna, waa dhererka gacmaha daqiiqadii of saacba on Tower Spasskaya ah? Iyo waxa ay yihiin dhinacyada saac? Aynu qabaa. Iyada oo ku saleysan xaqiiqda ah in qiimaha wax ka mid ah xubno ka waa in aan ka badnayn dhexroorka of dial badhkiis, mid u qaadan karto in arrow weyn noqon doono ku dhowaad 3 mitir. A yar, siday u kala horreeyaan, waxay noqon doontaa wax yar ka yar. Haddaba aynu u noqon oo xogta rasmiga ah. Sayidka, daqiiqadii gacanta on dhismaha saacadda a Spassky dhererkeedu waa 3.27m, saacad in ka yar 30 cm -. 2,97 m watch warshad laba jeer maalintii. Iyadoo goor wanaagsan motor miisaanka, usheeda kasta ama miisaan ah goosimo bir ah oo miisaankeedu yahay ilaa 200 kg, miisaankooda kordhay ee xilliga qaboobaha.

Kormeerka iyo dayactirka

Maalin kasta, farsamo saacba waxaa la hoos geliyey in ay baaritaan ka hortag ah oo bishiiba hal mar - on faahfaahinta. saacba on watchmaker ku waajib Spasskaya waxaa xaqiijiyey chronometer iyo gacanta qalab gaar ah. farsamo oo dhan waxaa lubricated laba jeer toddobaadkii, iyo gu iyo jiilaal isticmaalka jilciyaha.

farsamo ee saacad Kremlin ku saabsan Tower Spasskaya waxaa si fiican u shaqeeya waa ku dhowaad hal qarni badh. Dhinaca birta si ay u qoraan in saacad diinta walaalo Butenop ee Moscow ee 1851. Duhurkii iyo habeenbadhkii way garaaceen astaanta qaranka Ruushka, iyo in inta u dhaxaysa - "Waxaa ka nasahan".

gunaanad

Qaar badan ayaa xiiso u su'aasha ah: "Waa kuwee munaarad, marka lagu daro oo Badbaadiyeheenna ah, ayaa soo jeedo?" In Kremlin Moscow, laakiin ogashahay, sidoo kale saacad kasta ee Kremlin Grand ee Palace, ee Trinity iyo munaarado Borovitskaya.

ogashahay Halyeeyga iyo weli waxaan qiyaasi doonaa taariikhda dalka weyn, waxay noqdeen astaanta ugu wayn ee Ruush weyn oo xoog badan.