Ruza General Nikolay Vladimirovich: Biography iyo geeri

Sidii ay tirada ugu badan ee taariikh, ninkan ayaa door muhiim ah markii la afgembiyey -Raaxaysta- ee Russia. General Ruza, monarchist qanacsanahay, mid ka mid ah marka hore la soo jeediyay in Tsar Nicholas II in tagayno shaqadeenna, halkii ay ka taageeraya iyo caawinta boqorkii inuu sii joogo carshiga. Emperor tirin on gargaarka ee Guud, iyo in uu si fudud u gacangeliyey.

In ciidamada, Ruza (Guud ee lugta) ayaa noqday hogaamiyaha ciidan tayo leh, si ay u awood u yimid, Bolsheviks ku doonayeen in ay sii wadaan in ay ku amri ciidanka, laakiin ay kooxda. Laakiinse wuu diiday soo jeedinta this, iyo natiijada ka soo gaaray xasuuq arxan.

Yuu yahay kan General Ruza? boqorka ama khaa'in ah daafacyada Fatherland kii qaddar darbay doorashada culus? Ka fiirso su'aashan si faahfaahsan.

Years of carruurnimada iyo qaangaarka

Nikolay Vladimirovich Ruzsky - ku dhashay gobolka Kaluga, waxa uu ku dhashay on March 6 1854 sano.

Tiro ka mid ah ilaha soo jeedisay in guud ahaan mustaqbalka ahaa qaraabo fog Abwaan Lermontov, kuwaas oo ku qoray gabay si fiican u yaqaan "laylis The." In taageero of this ay tixraacaan xogta muujinaya in mid ka mid ah awoowayaasha Mikhail Yurevich, qarnigii XVIII ka, kuwaas oo ahaa taliyihii magaalada gobolka Moscow ee Ruza, wuxuu dhalay ilmaha dhalan guur. Soon waxa uu ahaa farcankii magaca magaalada ka dib markii taas oo amarka reer binu arrimaha Lermontov.

Laakiin waxaa shaki ku in Ruza guud siiyey qaraabonimo teori la Abwaan caan ah muhiimadda ugu weyn. Markaasuu wuxuu si buuxda aqbaleen waxbarasho heer sare ah, taas oo xeerarka ahaayeen isku mid ah dhammaan carruurta qoysaska sharaf leh, laakiin Nicholas hore laga badiyay aabbihiis. Ka dib markii in, naftiisa bilaabeen inay faragelin shaqaalaha ee magaalada guddiga of wakiillo, laakiin guud xaqiiqda ah mustaqbalka this waxaa si gaar ah ma Esportiu. Horeba in uu dhalinyarada Nicholas ku riyoon jiray xirfadiisa a military.

sano oo waxbarasho

Si aad u bilowdo ku dhaw si ay riyadii, Ruza noqday ardayda dugsiga military ugu horeysay, oo ku yaalla magaalada on Neva ah.

Muddo ka dib, wuxuu ahaa arday labaad Konstantinovsky School Military, kuwaas oo ka qalin noqday sarkaalka lugta ah. Xusid mudan waa xaqiiqda ah in dhamaadka qarnigii XIX dugsiyada military Ruush bilaabay in la dhaqan geliyaa dib u habaynta ku bilaabay by Tsar Alexander II oo taariikhyahan Dmitriem Milyutinym. Taasi waa sababta Ruza Guud, sawir ka mid ah waxaa laga heli karaa buugaagta badan oo ku saabsan farshaxanka dagaal, oo halkaas waa in this article si ay u helaan waxbarasho tayo leh, oo u dhiganta xaqiiqada waqti.

Bilowgii mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed military

Ka dib ka qalin jaamacad, ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa oo u baxay si ay ugu adeegaan sida sarkaal ee Grenadier ilaalada Life ah Ciidankii. Waxay bilaabeen dagaal Ruush-Turkish dhowr sano ka dib, iyo guud Ruza mustaqbalka cadeeyay garoonka dagaalka oo kaliya dhinaca wanaagsan. In shukriya muujinaya geesinimada iyo dhiirranaan Ruza helay Order ee St. Anne ee fasalka IV. Dhamaadka sarkaalka hawlgallada mileteri ee ay go'aansatay in ay hagaajiyaan xirfadahooda iyo lagu soo tababaray Mykolayiv Guud ee Shaqaalaha Academy. macalimiinta waxay ahaayeen caan V. Sukhomlinov iyo Kuropatkin. Markaasaa sirkaalkii sare si aad u codsato aqoonta this ku dhaqanka, sidoo kale beddelayo shaqaalaha degmooyinka military. Nikolay Vladimirovich noqday shaqo dhab ah khabiir xagga saadka iyo hawl.

kalee ku xigta ee uu ahaa adeeg ee Degmada Military Kiev sida Quartermaster Guud. Muddo ka dib, Ruza is dalacsiiyay Major General oo uu madax doonaa xarunta.

dagaal Ruush-Japanese

Bilowga ee qarnigii XX ee Russia uu ku lug yeeshay khilaafka a military la Japan. General Ruza, kuwaas oo Biography oo xiiso weyn u taariikhyahanadu, waxay keeni doontaa xarunta ciidanka Manchurian labaad. Wuxuu ku tusi doonaa tayada ugu fiican ee ay hoggaamiye milatari, ciidamada difaaca wanaagsan loo soo abaabulay Aaminto isaga at River Shahe ah. Laakiin mararka qaarkood guusha ku weheliyay dhac. Gaar ahaan, waxaan ka hadleynaa hawlgallada weerar hoos Sandepu, kaas oo uu u codeeyay hoos sababta oo ah tallaabo go'aan jilicsan ee sare.

adeeg dheeraad ah

Dagaalka ka dib Ruzsky aaminay in amrayo Army Corps 21aad. Dhammaadkii qarnigii XIX ah, Nikolai Vladimirovich ayaa ku hadhay oo ku saabsan xaalada guud ee lugta, isku midka ah in ay noqoto qayb ka mid ah Golaha Milatariga. Waxa uu ku siin doonaa gargaar wax ku ool ah ee shaqada ku saabsan horumarinta dib u habaynta ciidanka. General Ruza waa co-author of tiro ka mid ah buugagan iyo xeerarka. Mahdiyo saraakiishii uu qayb Buugga Field ee 1912. shaqada Taas ka dib, Nikolai Vladimirovich laabtay qabashada degmada Military Kiev ee, halkaas oo uu ka noqday caawiyaha Taliyaha ilaa bilowgii dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka.

1914

Ka dib markii dagaal u dhexeeya Xulafada iyo isbahaysi siyaasadeed, oo ay ka mid Germany iyo Austria-Hungary qarxay, amarka Ruush soo diray si ay ula dagaalamaan ee Ruza South-Western Front, aaminteen in amrayo Army 3aad.

jihada Istiraatiijiga ah ee tiyaatarka this dagaalka ahaa dagaalka Galicia, taas oo Nikolay Vladimirovich, la midoobin ciidamada General Brusilov, caawiyay cadowga ka soohdinta reer Bukovina iyo Eastern Galicia tuur. Laakiin sidoo kale waxaa loo xilsaaray in ay qabsadaan Lvov iyo Galich. Horeba in xagaaga soo daahay ee 1914 Ruza General Nikolay Vladimirovich si weyn u dhaw in ay hirgelintiisa, oo iyaga cadowgu gurteen, inkastoo isku dayga in ay joojiyaan ciidamada dalka Ruushka webiga qudhmi Lipa Lipa iyo Gold. Ugu dambayntii, Lviv ayaa lagu qabtay, ka dib markii taas Brusilov ammaanay falalka uu asxaabteena-in-hub. Waxa uu ku tilmaamay Ruza sida geesi, geesi ah oo ah hoggaamiye milatari caaqil. Laakiin dhulka guulaystay Galicia muujiyeen tayada ah hoggaamiye milatari labadaba. Waxaa uu muujiyey furan anti-Nacayb. Maxaad u dhowaaday inuu baabbi'iyo dadkii hore ee Galicia, General Ruza? Yuhuudi, in uu ra'yi, waxa ugu horayn waa basaas ah oo ku saabsan tallaabooyinka taas oo saamaysay danaha dadka Ruush, sidaas umadan waa gudo maxaa yeelay, dhiiggii dambiyada uu.

hawsha cusub

Nikolay Vladimirovich guusha in hawlgallada mileteri ee u dallacsiiyey, iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan uu ku Aaminto amarka Woqooyi Galbeed ee Front, kuwaas oo ciidamada guuldarro Bariga Prussia. Xaaladda waxaa lagu gartaa xaqiiqada ah in ciidanka Jarmalka oo loo diyaariyey badan ka wanaagsan yahay ka-Austro Hungarian, sidaas caadi u ah xaaladda loo baahan yahay ah hoggaamiye milatari oo khibrad leh, doorka taas oo ku haboon guud Ruza. Waxa uu ahaa awoodaan in ay dib ugu qaban ciribtir ee cadowga dagaalka on Vistula dhexe iyo hoos Lodz Polish ah. Oo cadowga ah ee ma aha oo kaliya la joojiyay in hirgelinta qorshaha ay, laakiin sidoo kale in la sameeyo dib qolka.

Markaas Taliska Sare Jarmal go'aansado in ay xoojiso booska jihada North-West si kada ah guud Ruush. Sidaas darteed ka mid ah dagaalo lagu hoobtay oo ka mid ah cadowga ma u maareeyaan inay qabsadaan magaalada Augustow, laakiin isku dayaysa in ay cabudhinayo caasimada Poland ayaa ku guuldareysatay.

In iska hor imaad ah, oodda by magaalada Prasnysh, Nikolai Vladimirovich u suurtagashay in ay si sax ah u dhiso xeeladaha difaaca, taasoo keenta necbaa dib Bariga Prussia ahaa. General Ruza socday si ay u weeraraan cadowga iyo yareyso in smithereens ciidamada Jarmal. Laakiin madaxda ciidamada Ruush qaadato xal kale, in ay xooga saarto ciidanka ugu weyn ee dagaalka ka dhanka ah ku-Austro Hungary, iyo Front Woqooyi Galbeed wuxuu ahaa inay u dhaqmaan sida guddiga dheehan waano Jarmal weerar.

madadaalada

Niyad qorshahan caqli dagaalka, daal Taliyaha maskax ahaan iyo jidh, wareejiyay taliska horteeda kale guud oo u tegey on fasax in ay bogsasho. markii qaar ka mid ah ka dib, Nikolay Vladimirovich ayaa ku amray ciidanka ah, taas oo u xaqiijisay difaaca Petrograd. Markaas, ka dib markii "googo '" oo ka mid ah Front Woqooyi Galbeed, si Waqooyiga iyo West ah waxaa hoggaamin doona General ugu horeysay.

Laakiin xitaa marka hawlgalka milatari si toos ah hoggaamin doona in KT Nicholas II, ayuu kama tagayno korkiisa xeeladaha daafaca in ugu danbeyn niyad Ruza iyo inuu durba ku andacoonaya rasmi ah in ay dib u soo diri fasax.

1916

Ka dib markii nasashada qiyaastii lix bilood ah, milkiilaha amarka of St. Anne IV xad mar kale ku amri doonaa xagga hore ee waqooyiga. Waxa uu weli rajaynayo in amarka Ruush galaa weerar firfircoon oo dhabar jab weyn ku tahay kooxda Jarmalka. Laakiin awoodda dagaal ciidanka ah si lama filaan ah waxay bilaabeen inay dhalaali indhahayaga hortooda, askartii waa daalay dagaal iyo rabay aan la fahmi karin si deg deg ah ku soo laabto ay reerahoodu ahaayeen. Marka, inta lagu guda jiro weerarka gayiga ciidamada Baltic mutinied oo diiday in ay tagaan on weerar, Nikolai Vladimirovich ku hanjabay ruuxa caasi ah moralizovat Maxkamada.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadaalka, kuwaas oo ugu dambeyntii waxay awoodi waayeen in la beddelo koorsada hawlgalka, iyo qorshaha weerarka ka adkaadeen. markii qaar ka mid ah ka dib, oo wuxuu ku dhamaaday dagaalka laftiisa.

Aragtida xagga awood

Taariikhyahanadu weli doodi ku saabsan sababta General Ruza boqorka gacangeliyey? In xilliga qaboobaha 1917, uu si xiiso leh oo ay taageerayaan hindisaha oo ka mid ah ku xigeenadiisa State Duma si ay u joojiyaan "dhutin" iyo "xumaada" siyaasadda xukuumadda hadda ka jirta wejiga Boqortooyada Ruush. Nikolay Vladimirovich, kuwaas oo si adag difaaca taliskii-maroorsi, muhiimka ah ee siyaasadda, taas oo lagu qabtay boqorka ag taagnaa. Waxa uu dhawaan, dhab ahaantii, oo aan xeerarka, wareejinta qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah arrimaha bannaan ee naxariista ridayeen ku Grigory Rasputin, oo noqday nooc ka mid ah "jiifoo cirro" inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Nicholas II. Wuxuu kaloo arkay carada sii kordhaysa ee tacsida ay khusayso oo ku saabsan gobolka ee arrimaha gudahood boqortooyadiisa iyo wixii ka dambeeya. General jeclaan lahaa inuu tababare Russia cusub noqday KT ah, ka hortag, oo diyaar u ah isbedel, kuwaas oo soo daahday in nidaamka maamulka dadweynaha. Waxaa laga yaabaa in qayb ka mid ah sababta General Ruza boqorka gacangeliyey.

Hindisaha ayaa kor u taaj

Maalintii ugu horraysay ee guga 1917 KT yimid Tsarskoye Selo in Pskov, halkaas oo xarunta dhexe ee Northern Front ah. Laakiin ninna la kulmay Boqortooyada marka uu tareen buluug ah oo leh gorgorraduna dahabka yimid madal. Keliya muddo ka dib waxaa jiray Nikolai Vladimirovich, la socday gaariga, halkaas oo uu boqorka ahaa. Maalinta xigta Ruza jeediyay gooyo si iskood ah tagayno awoodaha Boqortooyada. Muddo ka dib, General warbixin document c Nicholas II, oo ay ku qoran jawaabaha askar iyo ragga baxriyiinta ah oo ku saabsan su'aal hal a: "? renunciation ee carshiga Romanov" "Waa ayo" for "ama" ka dhanka ah Ku dhowaad dhammaan doorteen qodobka koowaad, marka laga reebo General Kolchak, kuwaas oo wuxuu istaagay meel dhexaad ah. Habeenbadhka Emperor ku wareejiyay Nikolai Vladimirovich iyo wakiillo ka Duma State oo ka mid ah manifestos taas oo uu ku siiyey awoodaha boqornimada wuxuu walaalkiis ku Michael. Saffarro maanta wuxuu xaq u leeyahay in la yidhaahdo in, laga yaabee, General Ruza - tage, laakiin waa run ahaantii waxa ay - doodi.

is casilay

Marka Nikolai Vladimirovich fahamsan yahay in Russia ay burburtay nidaamka gebi-maroorsi, ayuu uu is casilay, kaas oo ugu danbeyn siiyay. Si loo soo celiyo caafimaadka, guud ahaan waxay u cid direen Caucasus. Power dalka si dowladda ku meelgaarka ah iyo xagaagii 1917 Ruza qeyb galayaa kulan ku ah amarka ugu sarreeya Ciidamada Qalabka Sida, kaas oo sidoo kale ka soo qayb galay wakiillo ka socda dawladda cusub maray.

General xubno ka mid ah xukuumadda ka dalbaday in ay soo celiso kala dambeynta dalka, baabi'inta fowdo ah in adkaaday ciidanka iyo dalka. Alexander Kerensky markaas Ruzsky Xumeeyaan dhaleeceeyey isku dayay in ay dib u celin taariikhda iyo soo celiyo boqortooyada.

Soo socda si ay awood ugu Bolsheviks

Marka xoogga dalka in ay "ka tagay" ayuu yiri taliyaha ciidamada maray indignantly wuxuu qaaday wararka. Xaggee buu ahayd waqti in General Ruza? Pyatigorsk uu noqday magan la soo dhaafay isaga for. Soon magaalada heystey "cas", kaas oo ay fuliyeen xiray Taliyaha khibrad ciidanka Ruush. Bolsheviks ogaa inuu mudnaan xoog badan, sidaa darteed Nikolai Vladimirovich bixiyeen si ay ula dagaalamaan ay kooxda. Laakiinse wuu diiday, waayo, wixii uu toogasho ugu xabaalo Pyatigorsk ah. General Ruza, kuwaas oo dhimasho dhacay October 19, 1918, oo ma aqoonsana guusha ee bidixda ee loo yaqaan "The Great October Socialist Revolution", waxaa Positioning sida a "dhac baaxad weyn." Mid ka mid ah ama qaab kale, laakiin taliyaha qudbad waxey kaalin muhiim ah guddiga of gambiyay d'inqilaab oo aysan awoodin in ay qayb ka aamin guul ah "Left", taas oo ugu danbeyn isaga abaal waxa loogama qaadi nolosha.