Reaction hydrolysis The: isla'eg, hydrolysis wax soo saarka

Chemistry, sida inta badan cilmiga saxda ah, u baahan in wax badan oo dareenka iyo aqoonta adag, weligii ah ardayda anshaxa jecel. Oo aan waxtar lahayn, maxaa yeelay waxa ay kaa caawin karaan in la fahmo geedi socodyo badan oo ka dhaca agagaarka iyo gudahood. Qaado, tusaale ahaan, dareen-celin hydrolysis ah: at jaleecada hore waxa ay u muuqataa in ay tahay muhiim ah oo kaliya farmashiyaasha, laakiin dhab ahaantii aan jirka wax kasta oo si fiican u shaqayn karaa. Aynu ku bartaan oo ku saabsan muuqaalada habka this, iyo sidoo kale in ay muhiimadda ku ool ah aadanaha.

reaction hydrolysis waa: waa maxay?

Sida laga soo xigtay weedh gaar ah u yeedhay reaction daatay double dhexeeya biyaha iyo walaxda kala diri dhexdeeda si ay u sameeyaan xeryahooda cusub. Hydrolysis kale oo lagu magacaabaa by solvolysis biyo.

dheer kiimikada Tani sameeyay laba eray oo Giriig ah "biyaha" iyo "fidinta".

waxyaabaha hydrolysis

dareen-celin loo tixgeliyaa ku dhici kara is dhexgalka ee H ₂ O labada walxaha organic iyo imanba. Its natiijo ku xiran tahay si ay xiriir la biyaha badan, iyo haddii loo isticmaalo walxaha dheeraad ah, Xoojiya, in heerkulka iyo cadaadiska la beddelay.

Tusaale ahaan, cusbada cadaanyo hydrolysis ee kor u formation of acids iyo alkalis. Oo haddii aan ka hadlayno walxaha organic soo saaray alaabooyinka kale ee. The baruurta solvolysis aqueous kordhinaya glycerol iyo acids dufan sare. Haddii habka kaaga borotiinada, waxa la aasaasay oo sabab u ah acids amino kala duwan. Carbohydrates (polysaccharides) waxaa lagu giirte galay monosaccharides.

In jidhka bini'aadamka, awoodin in ay si buuxda u metabolize borotiinada iyo carbohydrates, reaction hydrolysis ah in walxaha in jidhku waa ay awoodaan in ay dheefshiido "fududeeyo" iyaga ah. Sidaas solvolysis biyo kaalin muhiim ah in hawlaha caadiga ah ee mid kasta oo ka mid ah soo xareeyo noolaha.

cusbada Hydrolysis

Ka dib markii barashada wixii fal-celin hydrolysis ah, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay bartaan, iyada oo leh ee socodka walxaha asal ahaan ka imanba, kuwaas oo cusbada.

The muuqaalada geedi socodkan waxa weeye in dhexgalka oo ka mid ah xeryahooda biyo, a udhigo elektrolytka itaal cusbadu waa riisanayo iyo foomka la H ₂ O walxaha cusub ka. Tani tari karaa acid ama saldhig daciif ah, ama labadaba, iyo in ka badan. Maaddaama ay waxan oo dhan, waxaa jira dissociation hoganaya barakaca biyaha.

hydrolysis karo oo laga bogsoon

Tusaalaha kor ku xusan waxaa lagu arki karaa halkii mid ka mid ah labada fallaadho, labada tilmaamaya in jiho oo kala duwan ee isla'egta final hydrolysis. Maxay ka dhigan tahay? Astaanta Tani waxay muujinaysaa in fal-celin hydrolysis yahay karo. In dhaqanka, hab this in la macaamilaan biyaha, qaatay waqti isku mid ah oo kaliya walax ma decomposes galay qaybaha (kaasoo u ogolaanaya xeryahooda cusub dhacaan), laakiin waxaa mar kale sameeyay.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma hydrolysis kasta waa karo, haddii kale uu dareen aan ka dhigi lahaa, maxaa yeelay, wax cusub uu noqon doono aan degganayn.

Waxaa jira arimo dhowr ah oo kaa caawin kara si loo hubiyo in noocan oo kale ah ayaa noqday reaction karin:

• Heerkulka. From in, u kordhiyaa ama hoos u dhac ku xiran tahay jihada ay ku kortay waxaa lagu wareejiyay in ay dareen-celin ka socda. Haddii waxa uu noqonayaa mid sare, waxaa jira wareeg ah in falcelinta endothermic. Haddii on lid ku ah, heerkulka waxaa hoos u dhacay, faa'iido ah waa dhinaca of falcelinta gube.
• Cadaadis. Tani waa tiro kale thermodynamic, si firfircoon uga saamayn ku hydrolysis ra'iyi ah. Haddii ay soo baxdo, hoganaya kiimikada la wareejiyay oo dhanka cadaanyo, kaas oo la Ulasocto hoos u dhac in gaasaska total. Haddii hoos, qeybsanaan ku xigeenka.
• fiirsashada A sare ama hoose ee walxaha ku lug leh dareen-celinta, iyo sidoo kale ay goobjoog ka ahaayeen Xoojiya dheeraad ah.

Noocyada reactions hydrolysis in xal cusbo

• By anion (ra'iyi la kharash negative). Solvolysis ee cusbada biyo ah acids daciif ah iyo saldhigyadii xoog leh. cadaanyo noocan oo kale ah waxaa sabab u ah sifooyinka reactants yahay karo.

• Sida waxbarashada (Qadafka ra'iyi positive) ah. Hydrolysis oo cusbo ah ee acid xoog leh oo salka daciif ah. Waxaa kaloo karo.
• Reaction of acid daciif ah oo saldhig cusbada daciif ah. nidaamka noocan oo kale ah waa la tixgelin karaa ficil celin karin, tan oo dhan oo ah walaxda cusub ee la sameeyey ka tago ee loo yaqaan zone falcelinta, qaabo ama gaaska.
• Xaaladdan oo salka iyo cusbadu acid - xoogga, in xal noocan oo kale ah ma dhici solvolysis aqueous.

degree of hydrolysis

By barashada dabeecadaha hydrolysis ee cusbada ah, waxaa haboon bixinta si ay sida ugub ah sida ay degree dareenka. By erayga taasi ka dhigan tahay saamiga ah ee cusbada (taas oo hore waa in uu cadaanyo daatay la H ₂ O a) in cadadka guud ee walax ku jira xalka.

Tabardaran acid ama saldhig oo ka qayb hydrolysis ah, sare ee heerka. Waxaa lagu qiyaasay in kala duwan ee 0-100% oo waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa formula hoos ku qoran.

N - tirada taagoo of hydrolysis walax maray iyo N ₀ - tirada guud ee xal.

Xaaladaha intooda badan, heerka uu solvolysis ee cusbada aqueous waa yar yahay. Tusaale ahaan, in 1% xal sodium copolymer -th ay tahay oo kaliya 0.01% (20 degrees).

Hydrolysis in qalabka ka soo jeedo organic

habka Barashada dhici kara in kiimiko ah organic.

Shiidaa noolaha oo dhan, hydrolysis waxay dhacdaa iyada oo qayb ka mid ah shiid tamarta (catabolism). Iyada oo taageero ka dhegay borotiinada, dufanka iyo carbohydrates in walxaha si fudud assimilable. Waxaa inta badan waa biyo laftiisa waa dhif in meel aad u bilowdo hawsha of solvolysis, si jirku wuxuu leeyahay si ay u isticmaalaan ensaymes kala duwan sida Xoojiya.

Haddii aynu ka hadlayno reaction kiimikada la walxaha organic ah, loogu talagalay in lagu helo walxaha cusub ee shaybaarka ama wax soo saarka, si loo dardar-iyo hagaajin lahaa xal lagu darayaa acid xoog ama alkali.

Hydrolysis in triglycerides (triacylglycerols)

Ereygan pronounceable adag u yeedhay acids dufanka leh, taas oo inta badan oo naga mid ah waxaa loo yaqaan dufanka.

Oo iyagu way iman ee asal ahaan xayawaanka iyo khudradda labadaba. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, aynu wada ognahay in biyo ma awoodo si ay u milmaan kuwan walxaha, sida hydrolysis oo dufan ah?

falcelinta tixgeliyo yeedhay saponification dufanka. Tani aqueous triacylglycerols solvolysis by ensaymes ee dhexdhexaad ah xumadoodu ama acidic. Iyada oo ku xidhan iyada oo ku saabsan, qoondeeyey hydrolysis xumadoodu iyo acid.

Xaaladda hore, falcelinta soo saaray cusbada ee acids dufan sare (si fiican u yaqaan saabuunta oo dhan). Sayidka, NaOH ka helay saabuun adag caadiga ah, oo ka Koh - dareere ah. hydrolysis Sidaas cawaaqib xumadoodu waxay ku triglycerides - geeddi-socodka ah ee formation of oomo ah. Waa in la ogaadaa in ay si xor ah samayn karaa ee dufanka ah ee cuntada iyo asal ahaan xayawaanka labadaba.

falcelinta loo arkaa waa sababta in xashiyihii saabuun quruxsan xun biyo adag hana mylitsya cusbada. Xaqiiqada ah in adag waxaa la yidhaahdaa H ₂ O, taas oo ka kooban xad dhaaf ah calcium iyo magnesium udhigo. saabuun A, mar biyo, re Oo Qaliin hydrolysis, wadnay galay udhigo sodium iyo intii ka hadhay shidaalka. dhexgalka oo ka mid ah walxaha biyaha cusbada beelaya loo sameeyay, taas oo u muuqdaan sida jajabi oo cad. Si looga hor, biyaha waxaa lagu darayaa NaHCO ₃ sodium carbonate hydrogen, guud ahaan loo yaqaan baking soda. walax Tani waxay kordhisaa alkalinity ee xalka iyo sidaas caawisaa saabuun si ay u qabtaan hawlo ay. Waana mid ka, si looga fogaado dhibaatooyin sida, in ay saabuun warshadaha casriga ah ka walxaha kale soo saaray sida cusbada ee esters of alcohols sare iyo sulfuric acid. taagoo waxaa ku jira ka soo laba iyo toban toban atamka carbon, oo sidaas daraaddeed iyagu ma lumin guryaha ay cusbo ama biyo brackish.

Haddii dhexdhexaad ah, taas oo dareen dhacdaa, acidic ah, nidaamka noocan oo kale ah waxaa loo yaqaan hydrolysis acid of triacylglycerols. Xaaladdan oo kale, sarkhaansan yihiin walxaha qaarkood isa soo taraysa acid in glycerol iyo acids carboxylic.

Hydrolysis dufanka waa fursad kale - a triacylglycerols hydrogenation. Nidaamkan waxaa loo isticmaalaa in qaar ka mid ah nadiifinta, sida ka saarida raad alxamaad, ethylene ama oxygen nijaasta nidaamyada kala duwan.

Hydrolysis of carbohydrates

walxaha ayaa ka mid ah qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee cuntada ee dadka iyo xoolaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sucrose, lactose, maltose, istaarijka iyo glycogen qaab jirka saafi ah ma qabsan karo. Sidaa darteed, sida kaliya in ay dhacdo dufanka, carbohydrates, kuwaas oo waa la dumiyey galay xubno assimilable by reaction hydrolysis.

Solvolysis sida hawlaha biyaha ee carbon ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa in industry ee. Budada, si dareen-celin la H ₂ O, laga soosaaray oo sharoobada sonkorta, taas oo ay qayb ka yihiin ku dhowaad dhammaan macmacaanka ah.

polysaccharide kale, taas oo si weyn loo isticmaalaa in industry for soo saaridda ee Alaabooyin iyo walxo badan oo waxtar leh - waa cellulose. Wax laga soo Soocay this glycerin farsamo, tones ethylene, khamiirka calafka, sorbitol oo si fiican u yaqaan oo dhan khamriga ethyl.

hydrolysis cellulose dhacdaa dib soo-gaadhista dheer in heerkulka sare iyo joogitaanka acids macdanta. Shayga dhamaadka cadaanyo tani waa, sida uu yahay kiiska la istaarijka, sonkorta. Waa in la dhasha maskaxda ku haysaa in hydrolysis ee cellulose waa ka dhib badan tahay in ay gudbaan badan ee istaarijka sida polysaccharide waa adkaysi u acids macdanta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sababtoo ah waa qayb cellulose ugu weyn ee derbiyada unug ka mid ah dhirta sare, wax cayriin, waxa ay ka kooban, ka jaban tahay noqde. Xaaladdan oo kale, glucose ka cellulosic dheeraad ah loo isticmaalo baahida farsamo, halka wax soo saarka hydrolysis istaarijka waxaa loo arkaa inay habboon waayo, xoog.

hydrolysis borotiinada

Protein - waa wax dhismaha ugu weyn ee unugyada noolaha oo dhan. Waxay ka kooban yihiin acids amino badan oo waa wax aad u muhiim u ah hawlaha caadiga ah ee jidhka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isagoo xeryahooda sare-kelli, waxay laga yaabaa in la liidata nuugo. Si loo fududeeyo hawshan, waa ay hydrolysis.

Sida kiiska la walxaha kale organic, dareen-celinta ay tani burburiso borotiinada in yar yahay waxyaabaha miisaanka kelli, si fudud digestible by jidhka.