Ra'yiga iyo naqshadaha computer aasaasiga ah.

In 60-mada dhowr barnaamijyo ay bilaabeen in ay horumariyaan design ugu dambeeyey, oo ay ku jiraan isku dhafka ah ee hardware iyo software isdhexgalka iyo siiyey kor u qeexidda naqshadaha computer. Computer Architecture uu noqday qayb ka mid muhiim ah in dunida kombiyuutarka, iyo weli si ilaa maantadan la joogo.

Ra'yiga iyo naqshadaha computer aasaasiga ah

Architecture Computer - khaasatan tallaabooyinka wadajirka badan, qaabeynta iyo jaray macquulka aasaasiga ah ee qanjidhada computer. khaasatan Taasi waxa ay noqonaysaa, waayo, qabashada shaqooyinka user, iyo lifaaq arrimo dhowr ah isugu yimaadaan si ay u abuuraan hardware iyo software, halkaas oo walwalka ugu weyn ee ku dhacaa, ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee isku xirka iyo mabaadi'da beddelka kala duwan jireenka kombiyuutarka. Tusaale ahaan, wax soo saarka ee qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee qalabka injineerinka iyo shaqeynayaan noqon kartaa isku mid, laakiin baarka gooni ah qaatay leeyihiin farqi weyn oo qiimo, xawaaraha iyo waxqabadka.

Inta lagu jiro hawl maalmeedka ka mid ah user waa inta xiiso ma aha oo kaliya tayada iyo xawaaraha of mishiinka, laakiin awoodda ay hawlaha gaarka ah. Sidaas darteed, xogta shuruudaha macaamiisha ah keentay in horumar la taaban karo saldhigga element of computer ah in a more lagu kalsoonaan karo iyo fududahay in la isticmaalo. Waa in la qadariyo in korodhka hufnaan oo ka mid ah xubno qofka ma aha xad lahayn, taas oo ah sababta khubaro hoggaamineed arki xallinta arrintan in casriyeynta ee naqshadaha computer.

Sidaas darteed of casriyeynta ee kombiyuutarada ayaa qotomiyey kombiyuutarada oo awood badan leh naqshadaha multiprocessor, kaas oo u ogolaanaya in ay ku shaqeeyaan qaab duwan oo isku mar. Waxaa intaa dheer, ee computer ah oo awood badan, ka badan oo uu shaqada lug ku Processor.

Noocyada ugu muhiimsan ee naqshadaha computer

Nidaamka computer dhan qaybiyaa noocyada naqshadaha computer saddex kooxood, ay sabab u tahay tirada webiyo amarradiisa iyo xogta, bal eega iyaga,

• Aasaasihii of Architecture classic of computer qarnigii 1aad iyo 2aad waxay ahayd Dzhon Fon Neyman, kuwaas oo la diyaariyey mabaadii'da aasaasiga ah ee taxanaha. Si aad kooxdan ka tirsan nidaamka uniprocessor isagoo ka mid ah kiiska durdur hal xogta (SISD), iyo labaad - durdur xog badan (SIMD). noocaas ah mashiinada waxa sabab u ah hal socodka barashada dulinka ah, halka hannaanka xogta isu durdurro leh.
• Kooxda ayaa soo socda, taas oo ka mid ah noocyada kala duwan ee naqshadaha - MIMD. Waa nidaam multiprocessor a isagoo durdur edbinta badan iyo durdur xogta a. Nidaamkan naqshadda waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in supercomputers casriga ah.
• Iyo kan ugu dambeeya, noocyada saddexaad ee naqshadaha - MISD, oo wakiil ka ah barnaamijka hal leh wax badan oo data. Nasiib darro, MISD laha muhiimad la taaban karo. Noocaan waxaa loo gudbinayaa in aan naqshadaha computer iyo si ay u sameeyaan barnaamijyo parallelizing. Waxa ay tusinaysaa fulinta isku mar labo ama in ka badan nuqulo ka mid ah barnaamij la mid ah modules processor kala duwan la data kala duwan.

Waxaa xusid mudan fiirsaneysa sida jihada muhiim u ah horumarinta Isboortiga computer sida webiyo xogta mishiinka. In 80s ee loo maleeyey in rajada of computer-qabadka sare waxaa si toos ah ku xiran socodka xogta computer gacanta taas socodka, kuwaas oo ay awoodaan in ay u ordaan amarrada badan, in kastoo loo arko kor noocyada naqshadaha computer waxaa kombiyuutarka nidaamyada, maamula kooxaha pokami. In wax soo saarka casriga ah caadaysteen wax yar uun xubno ka hab loo isticmaalo in microprocessors ku jirto hannaanka ka mid ah unugyada functional hawlgala synchronously sugayaan helitaanka operands.