Ra'yiga hydrolysis. sifooyinka tiro ka mid ah geeddi-socodka, si joogto ah hydrolysis iyo heerka uu hydrolysis

By hydrolysis ee cusbada ah waxaa loogu tala galay dareen-celin u dhexeeya taagoo biyo iyo taagoo ee cusbada kala diri. Sidaas darteed cadaanyo noocan oo kale ah loo sameeyay little- xarunta duco. Geedi socodka dhici kara ma aha oo kaliya la cusbada, laakiin ay dhacdo joogaan biyaha ee solutes kale - carbohydrates, borotiin, dufan, ama esters. Tiro ahaan, dareen laba tiro waxaa loo isticmaalaa - heerka uu hydrolysis (β) iyo cusbada hydrolysis joogto ah (K [i]).

reaction waxaa inta badan lagu arkay isbedelka ashitada hore xal. Halkii dareeraha ah organic (oo biyo ah) waxaa loo isticmaali karaa dareeraha ah nooc kale. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii ay taasi ku dareen-celin u dhexeeya dareeraha iyo cusbo waxaa la yiraahdaa solvolysis.

Waxaa muhiim ah in la ogaado in ku lug hydrolysis ee kaliya kuwa cusbada kuwaas oo ka soo jeeda qaybaha saldhigyadii daciif ah iyo acids. Cusbada oo ka soo jeeda acids xoog iyo saldhigyadii, reaction hydrolysis aan loo bandhigi.

Si aad u tilmaan guud ahaanteed socodka geedi socodka, wuxuu isticmaalaa qeexid gaar ah - degree of hydrolysis (β). Degree of hydrolysis go'aamiso magnitude qaraabo ah fiirsashada ee u taagoo in hydrolyze (C [Haydarooliga]) in asalka ah (il) waxay leedahay fiirsashada cusbo kala diri (C [ref.]). Xisaab ahaan waxaa loo sheegi karaa by isla'egta soo socda: β = C [Haydarooliga] / C [ref.].

Baaxadda ay leedahay dareen-celin ku xiran tahay saddex arrimood:

- dabiiciga ah ee udhigo ee uu ka samaysan yahay Cusbada leh,

- fiirsashada cusbo ah ee atammada ah;

- heerkulka xal.

Degree of hydrolysis waxay noqonaysaa inay kordhiso la hoos u dhac of joogto ah dissociation of acid ka itaalka daran ama salka, iyo sidoo kale yaraynta heerka uu fiirsashada milix iyo kordhaya heerkulka.

falcelinta ka dhici karaa ilaa xad appreciable kaliya ee xal lagu milo. Sidaa darteed, haddii qiimaha C [H20] uu qiimo ah qiyaastii joogto ah, ka dibna waxa uu noqonayaa mid suurto gal ah in loo xisaabiyo qiimaha derivative K [i] (ama hydrolysis joogto ah). Iyadoo ku xiran guryaha qaraabo ah acids iyo saldhigyadii ka kaas oo cusbada loo sameeyay, hydrolysis laga yaabaa inuu dhaco mid ka mid ah saddex qorsheyaasha, oo sidaas daraaddeed hydrolysis a cusbo joogto ah loo xisaabiyaa si ka duwan.

Hydrolysis ee cusbada kuwaas oo soo jeeda qaybo ka mid ah acid xoog leh oo salka daciif ah (sidoo kale loo yaqaan habka - by hydrolysis waxbarashada)

hydrolysis joogto ah waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa formula soo socda: K [i] = K [W] / K [salka], halkaas oo K [W] - natiijada soo saarka ra'iyi biyaha (C [H] + C [OH (-)]).

From hydrolysis hadal joogto ah waxa loo arki karaa in la hoos u dhac in salka ku qasbi la kordhiyo qiimaha oo ka mid ah geysid of hydrolysis iyo, sidaa darteed, heerka uu hydrolysis. Taa baddalkeeda, heerka uu hydrolysis waxay noqonaysaa inay kordhiso la hoos xoog salka iyo heerka uu fiirsashada ee cusbada in xal. Kordhinta heerkulka reaction sidoo kale waxay kordhisaa geysid hydrolysis iyo qiimaha sare ee heerka hydrolysis.

Hydrolysis ee cusbada in ay yihiin taagayo saldhigga xoog iyo acid daciif ah (nidaamka sidoo kale loo yaqaan - hydrolysis of anion ah)

Hydrolysis joogto saaraa iyadoo la isticmaalayo formula soo socda: K [i] = K [W] / K [acid] halkaas oo qiimaha K [acid] - waa dissociation ku joogto ah acid ka itaalka daran.

Hydrolysis ee cusbada in ay yihiin taagayo saldhigga daciif ah oo acid daciif ah (magac kale - hydrolysis of siifilisku iyo anions)

Xaaladdan oo kale, hydrolysis qiyamka joogto ah ayaa loo go'aamin doonaa dissociation joogta ah saldhig daciif ah oo daciif ah acid. Waxaa lagu xisaabiyaa by formula soo socda: K [i] = K [W] / K [acid] * K [salka].

hydrolysis taasoo la micno ah

Falcelinta ka dhacaya nidaamka hydrolysis waxaa si weyn loo isticmaalaa in geedi socodka warshadaha casriga ah. Tusaale ahaan, dareen-celinta noocan oo kale ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa in ay biyo ka admixtures waxyeello u Daahirina iyo coarsely kala firdhiyey taxane ah Kolloidol. Waayo, kanu Ujeedada roobab gaarka ah ee hydroxides bir ah iyo aluminium, helay hydrolysis ee sulfate ferric, chloride ferric iyo aluminium sulfate.

Hydrolysis - waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah geeddi-socodka dheefshiidka ee noolaha ku nool on Earth. Inta badan tamarta lagama maarmaanka u ah jiritaanka u shaqeeyo, waxa lagu kaydiyaa sida triphosphate adenosine (ATP). Go'doon tamarta dhacdaa hab ku lug hydrolysis ee ATP.