Qaraxa ayaa ah bam qaaradda iyo hab garoomada

Qaraxa ayaa ah bam qaaradda waa mid ka mid ah habka ugu yaab leh, dahsoon iyo cabsi. Mabda'a hawlgalka hub nuclear ku salaysan tahay ficil-celinta silsiladda. Tani waa hab noocan oo kale ah, koorsada aad bilaabayso oo ay la sii wado. Mabda'a hawlgala bam hydrogen ah waxay ku salaysan tahay ficil-celinta nuclear Avv.

A-qarax

The nuclei of isotopes qaar ka mid ah xubno ka shucaaca (plutonium, californium, uranium, iwm) waxay awoodi karaan in ay sii muuq, sidaas qabsaday neutron ah. Ka dib markii u taagnayd laba ama saddex neutrons kale. Burburinta xuduntii eb ku hoos jira xaalad ku haboon waxay keeni kartaa in ay burburtay mid ah laba ama saddex ka badan, taas oo iyana waxay keeni kartaa atamka kale. Oo sidaas daraaddeed on. Jab dhacdaa habka gebiyo sii kordhaya tirada nuclei in ay sii dayso lacagta soconin tamarta bonds qaaradda Rafaa. Iyada oo qaraxa tamarta weyn sii daayay muddo aalladda yar oo waqti. Tani waxay dhacdaa at hal dhibic. Sidaa darteed, qaraxa bam ee qaaradda u awood badan iyo burbur.

In la bilaabo reaction silsilad waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in xaddiga wax shucaac ka badan mass muhiim ah. Sida iska cad, aad u baahan tahay in aad qaadato dhowr xabbadood oo uranium ama plutonium iyo isu geeyo mid ka galay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in ay sababi qarax bam ah qaaradda, tani kuma filna, waayo, falcelinta joojiyo ka hor inta qoondeeyo qadar ku filan tamarta, ama habka uu noqon doono gaabis ah. In si ay u guulaystaan, waa in aad in aanay ka badnaan tiro muhiim u ah arrinta, oo loo sameeyo in muddo aad u yar oo waqti. Waxaa aad u fiican in la isticmaalo dhowr ka mid ah mass ee muhiimka ah. Taana waxaa lagu gaarayaa iyada oo la isticmaalayo ee kale ee qarxa. Waxaa intaa dheer, waxyaabaha qarxa si degdeg ah oo gaabis ah beddelka.

Tijaabada ugu horeysa nuclear la sameeyay bishii July ee 1945 ee Maraykanka u dhow magaalada Almogordo. Bishii Agoosto ee isla sannadkaas, Americans loo isticmaalo hubka ka gees ah magaalooyinka Japan ee Hiroshima iyo Nagasaki. Qaraxa ayaa ah bam qaaradda magaalada dhalisay burbur laga cabsado oo dhimashada ugu badan ee dadweynaha. In USSR hubka nuclear la abuuray oo la tijaabiyey in 1949.

H-qarax

Qarax hydrogen The waa hub, isagoo leh xoog aad u weyn burbur. Mabda'a ah in ay hawlgalka ku salaysan tahay ficil-celinta isuga, taas oo ereygu ka mid ah nuclei fududee of atamka hydrogen culus ee helium. Sidaas awgeed waxaa laga sii daayo cadad aad u badan oo ah tamar. reaction Tani waxay la mid tahay hababka ugu dhaca ee Sun iyo xiddigaha kale. Isuga fudud maraa isticmaalaya isotopes ah hydrogen (tritium ama deuterium) iyo lithium.

Baaritaanka ugu horeysay warhead hydrogen Americans qaatay 1952. In dareenka casriga ah ee qalab this si dhib la odhan karaa waa bam. Waxay ahayd dhismaha saddex dabaq ah ee la deuterium dareere ka buuxsamay. Qaraxa koowaad ee bam hydrogen in USSR ah lagu qaaday lix bilood ka dib. warhead thermonuclear Soviet RDS-6 ilaa afuufeen in August 1953 at Semipalatinsk. Awoodda qarax hydrogen ugu weyn ee 50 megatons (Tsar Qarax) USSR maray 1961. Ruxruxaa ka dib markii qaraxa rasaas meeraha wareegay saddex jeer.