Qalab Semiconductor cajiib ah - diode Teelato

Marka waxbarashada hab ay of rectifying AC ah goobta of xiriir laba deegaanno kala duwan - Semiconductor iyo biraha, waxaa la hypothesized in ay ku salaysan yahay waxa loogu yeero tunneling sideyaasha lacag. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wakhtigaas (1932) heerka horumarka of technology Semiconductor lama oggola inuu u xaqiijiyo waxaan Malo ahayn ku siman. Kaliya ee 1958, saynisyahan a Japanese Esaki ahaa awood u xaliyay xaqiijiyo, la abuuro diode ugu horeysay tunnel ee taariikhda. Thanks to ay tayo cajiib ah (tusaale ahaan, xawaaraha), wax soo saarka this ayaa soo jiitay ee ku takhasusay beeraha farsamada kala duwan. Waxaa xusid mudan in sharax in diode ah - qalab elektaroonik ah, taas oo ah urur ka mid ah jidhka oo keliya oo ka mid ah laba qalab kala duwan oo haysta noocyada kala duwan ee conductivity. Sidaa darteed, hadda korontada ka duuli karo iyada oo loo marayo hal dhinac oo kaliya. Beddelidda natiijada polarity ee "dhow" ee diode iyo kordhiyaan iska caabin ah. Kordhinta danab ku keenaysaa in a "burburka".

Fiirso sida diode tunnel ah. rectifier Classic qalab Semiconductor isticmaalaa crystal a isagoo tiro ka mid ah nijaasta aan ka badnayn 10 at 17 degree (shahaadada -3 centimitir). Oo tan iyo dhimaya tani waa si toos ah ee la xiriira in tirada sideyaasha lacag oo lacag la'aan ah, waxaa soo baxday in ee la soo dhaafay marnaba ka badan xuduudaha lagu qeexay noqon kartaa.

Waxaa jira caanaha u ogolaanaya si loo ogaado dhumucda aagga dhexe (pn guurka):

L = ((E * (Uk-U)) / (2 * * Pi q)) * ((Na + nd) / (Na * nd)) * 1050000,

halkaas oo Na iyo nd - tirada deeq ionized iyo acceptors, siday u kala horreeyaan; Pi - 3,1416; q - qiimaha la'aan electron ah; U - codsatay danab; Uk - farqiga in kartiyo ee kala guurka; E - qiimaha of joogto ah dielectric.

natiijo A ee caanaha waa xaqiiqda ah in for diode guurka pn sifo xoog classical hooseeyo beerta, oo dhumucdiisuna waxay a weyn. Taasi electrons ka heli kartaa aag free, waxay u baahan yihiin tamar dheeraad ah (ka baxsan siinno).

dioska- Tunnel waxaa loo isticmaalaa in ay dhismaha noocyada sida semiconductors, taas oo bedeli content nijaas, 10 si ay u 20 degree (shahaadada -3 sentimitir), taas oo amar ka duwan kuwa classical. Tani waxay keenaysaa in hoos u dhac weyn ee dhumucda kala guurka ah, korodhka fiiqan ee adag field ee gobolka pn iyo, sidaas awgeed, dhacdo of kala guurka tunnel markii galaya electron si band valence ma u baahan tahay tamar dheeraad ah. Tani waxay dhacdaa sababtoo ah heerka tamarta oo ka mid ah qayb ka ah aysan waxba ka beddelin la kala ooday marinka. diode tunnel waa si fudud distinguished ka caadiga ah ee ay dabeecad u volt-ampere. saamayn Tani waxay abuurtaa nooc ka mid ah kaca ah waxa on - iska caabin kala duwan xun. Sababo la tunnel dioska- hubkaas ayaa loo isticmaalaa qalab ah ee hirka sare (dhumucdiisuna farqiga pn hoos u dhigaysa qalab noocan oo kale ah a-xawaaraha sare), qalabka sax qiyaaseed, matoorrada, iyo, dabcan, kombiyuutarada.

Inkastoo hadda marka saamayn tunnel ah waa ay awoodaan in ay soo qulquli labada dhinacba, by si toos ah isku xirta xiisad diode aaga kala guurka ah uu kordho, yaraynta electrons lacagta ay awoodaan in ay marinka ka qotaan. korodhka danab keenaysaa in ka lumay dhamaystiran oo tunneling hadda iyo saamaynta waa kaliya on waajihi caadiga ah (sida in diode ah classic).

Waxa kale oo jira wakiilka kale ee qalabka sida - diode dib ugu. Waxay ka dhigan tahay diode isla tunnel, laakiin guryaha doorsoon. Farqiga u dhexeeya waa in qiimaha conductivity ee la xidhiidha dambe, taas oo qalabka rectifying caadiga ah "qufulan", waxa uu ka badan yahay in si toos ah. guryaha hartay dhigmaan diode tunnel: waxqabadka, isku-buuqa, awood u leh inay toosi qaybaha variable.