Biography Karla Linneya. tabarruca uu Karla Linneya sayniska

Waxaan bixinaa Biography ah Karla Linneya. Ninkan (sannadood nolosha - 1707-1778) - caanka naturalist Swedish. saynisyahan caansan dunida ee ay sabab u ahayd nidaamka dunida xayawaanka iyo geedka, ka abuuray isaga by. Biography Karla Linneya hoos lagu soo bandhigay adiga ku bari doonaa dhacdooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee uu noloshiisa iyo guulihii sayniska.

Asal iyo carruurnimada ee cilmiga mustaqbalka

saynisyahan The mustaqbalka uu ku dhashay ee koonfurta Iswidhan, meelaha Råshult. Biography Karla Linneya bilaabmaa May 25, 1707. Taasi waa marka uu ku dhashay. wiilka aabbihiis ahaa wadaad tuulada, kuwaas oo laga leeyahay guri yar oo ka samaysan alwaax iyo beer, halkaas oo Karl markii ugu horaysay soo bandhigay in dunida ka mid ah dhirta. saynisyahan Future iyaga ururinta, la qalajiyey, soocaa iyo sameeyay herbarium ah. Carl helay uu waxbarashada aasaasiga ah ee dugsiga degaanka ah. Waxa xiiso leh, macalimiinta loo arkaa Linnaeus ilmaha talanti oo liita.

Waxbarashada jaamacadda, duulaan cilmiyeed

In rajada helitaanka wiilkeeda waalidka waxbarashada caafimaadka goostay inaan isaga diro jaamacadda, Lund ku yaalla. Sannad ka dib uu u wareegay Uppsala, Linnaeus. saynisyahan Future halkan helay botanical waxbarashada sare. Muddo ka dib Biography ee Karla Linneya ay astaan u dhacdo muhiim ah. Swedish Royal Society go'aansaday inuu Charles in ay duulaan ku sayniska si ay u soo diri Lappland. Laga soo bilaabo safarka Linnaeus keenay ururinta badan oo macdanta, dhirta iyo xayawaanka. November 9, 1732 saynisyahan soo bandhigay in warbixinta Royal Society ee ay arkeen waxa ay inta lagu guda jiro duulaan ku.

"Flora of Lappland" iyo "Systema Naturae"

"Flora of Lappland" - shaqo ugu horeeyay ee Karla Linneya in cilmi barasho dhir, oo uu qoray ku salaysan safar this. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ammaanta, waxa uu ku guuleystay shaqada aad u yar (12 pages), la daabacay ee Leiden (Holland) ee 1735. maqaalka lagu magacaabo "Systema Naturae".

Carl abuuray soocidda dunida organic. Laba magac Laatiin la siiyaa warshad kasta oo xayawaan. The ugu horeysay oo ka mid ah u adeegay sidii nooc ka mid ah calaamad, iyo labaad - hortiisa. Dzhon Rey (sannadaha cimrigaaguna - 1627-1705) soo bandhigay galay biology fikradda ah ee noocyada in la ixtiraamo shakhsiyaadka, midba midka kale ka duwan by aan ka badnayn walaalaha kala duwan. Karl Linney aqoonsaday xayawaan cayn kasta ah, iyo dhirta, aqoonin wakhtigaas.

mudnaanta muhiim ah oo Linnaeus waa xaqiiqda ah in in edition 10aad ee uu shaqada "Systema Naturae", u muuqday in 1759, saynisyahan ayaa codsatay fikirka ah waydaarsanayeen binary iyo waxa soo bandhigay galay isticmaalka. Binarius ka Latin turjumay ka dhigan tahay "double." Mid kasta oo noocyada waafaqsan tani waxaa la tilmaamay by laba magacyada Laatiin - gaar ah iyo generic. Fikradda ah "eegto" Linnaeus goostay isticmaalaya labada shuruudaha nafsaaniga ah (joogitaanka farcankaaga bacrin ah), iyo morphological ku xusan by Dzhon Rey. Carl dhiso nidaam jaranjaro u dhexeeya qaybaha soo socda: kala duwanaanshaha, noocyada, panulirus, si (amarka), fasalka. All isku waydaarsanayeen caadi botanical iyo Buslhada ee Latin billaabay ka shaqada in.

Life ee Holland, shuqullada cusub

Linnaeus helay dalka Netherlands (Gartkali) heerka uu Doctor of Medicine, ayaa 2 sano oo Leiden. Waxay ahayd halkan ayuu maro qaaday oo qaab fikrad cajiib ah in uu abaabulo dhammaan saddexda boqortooyooyinka dabiiciga ah ee. Halka Holland, saynisyahan a daabacay shuqulladiisa ugu weyn. Waa in la ogaadaa, si kastaba ha ahaatee, in meesha ugu muhiimsan ee kala soocidda Linnaean qabsadeen in cilmi barasho xayawaan "Systema Naturae", iyo in cilmi barasho dhir - "noocyada dhirta" shaqo. In 1761 edition labaad ee shaqadan in cilmi barasho dhir. Waxaa lagu tilmaamay 7540 noocyada iyo 1260 genera dhirta. In noocyada this si gooni gooni ah waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay.

6 fasalada xoolaha

Karl Linney, tabarruca uu si biology oo dheeraad ah si faahfaahsan looga hadli doonaa, xoolaha oo dhan u kala qaybiyey lix fasal, cayayaanka, kolkaasaa dirxi galay, kalluunka, lafdhabarka, shimbiraha, nuujiya. fasalka ee xamaarato amphibious iyo lafdhabarka iska Gooryaanka - nooc kasta oo xawayaanka loo yaqaan in uu waqti (marka laga reebo cayayaanka). Faa'iidada of soocidda la soo jeediyay ee saynisyahano waa xaqiiqada ah in aan qofka la xiriira amarka fasalka ee koroowga nuujiya. Sayidka, Linnaeus waxaa ka mid ah in nidaamka boqortooyada xayawaanka.

24 dhirta Class

Ma aanan joojin Karl Linney. Kaloy biology waxaa ka mid ah oo la xiriira kala soocidda, xayawaanka ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale dhirta. Linnaeus kala qaybiyey oo dhan ka jira nooca aragtidooda oo ka mid ah 24 fasallo. saynisyahan ayaa qirtay isagoo galmo.

kala soocidda uu abuuray, wuxuu u yeedhay galmo (sex) ah, wuxuu geliyey sifooyinka pistils iyo stamens. Qubarada badankooda ayaa aaminsan in xubnaha taranka waa qaybo jidhka ugu joogto ah oo lagama maarmaan ah ee dhirta. Linnaeus on gaarka ah ee pistils qalabka (xubnaha taranka ee haweenayda ah ee warshadda) la wadaago fasalada oo dhan kooxo.

Ogsoonow in nidaamka Karla Linneya ahaa macmal ah. kooxaha dhirta loo qoondeeyey in ay ku salaysan sifooyinka shaqsi. Tani shaki la'aan keentay in xaqiiqda ah in ay jiraan khaladaad badan oo Karla Linneya. Laakiinse nidaamka door muhiim ah horumarka ah ee sayniska, iyo hab xiiso cilmiga ee.

Laba soocidda Linnaean

Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in guulaha ugu waaweyn ee Karla Linneya - abuurka ah ee isku waydaarsanayeen a binary, iyo sidoo kale simayo iyo horumarinta eraybixinta ah in cilmi barasho dhir. Halkii Qeexidda hore waa wax weyn, saynisyahan ku soo bandhigay magaca cad oo qeexan oo ay ku jiraan liiska astaamaha dhirta si gaar ah. Karl Linney kala duwanaayeen qaybaha soo socda ka mid ah hababka of noolaha, waaweyn oo midba midka kale, kala duwan, noocyada, genera, kooxaha iyo fasallada. saynisyahan The ogaaday in nidaamka u samaysay macmal ah, in ay kala soocidda waa shuruud, sida calaamadaha, waxaa ka doortay sharci darro ah. Linnaeus, ku dadaalaya heer sare, oo soo jeediyay soocidda kale. Waxa uu (Eebe, qoysaska) oo dhan dhirta ee loo qaybiyey si, waxaa u muuqday dabiiciga ah isaga.

Khudbooyin iyo in Uppsala, daabacaadda waraaqaha sayniska

Linnaeus dhigay a safar yar oo dheeraad ah ujeedooyin cilmi ah, ka dib markii taas oo uu deganaa ee Uppsala. In 1742 wuxuu noqday bare ka ah cilmi barasho dhir ah jaamacad maxali ah. Ardayda ka soo adduunka oo bilaabay inuu timaaddo in Carl Linnaeus, si ay u dhagaystaan muxaadarooyinka uu. Botanical Garden of University ee door gaar ah fasalka dhexdiisa. Linnaeus ururiyay waxa ku jira in ka badan 3 kun oo dhirta oo dunida ku baahsan. beerta Tani waxay sidoo kale ka dib noqday Buslhada ah. Linnaeus ee 1751 qoray buugga a "Philosophy ee cilmi barasho dhir". Intaa waxaa dheer, ayuu daabacay shuqullo waaweyn ee dhowr iyo articles badan ee joornaalada bulshooyinka sayniska ee London, St. Petersburg, Uppsala, Stockholm iyo magaalooyin kale. The mudnaanta Karla Linneya ma ay tegin unappreciated. Saynisyahanka ee 1762 noqday xubin ka mid ah Academy Paris ee Sciences.

The mudnaanta cilmiga ee kala soocidda warshad

Sidaas daraaddeed, Karl Linney, qayb sayniska oo aynu si kooban loo arkaa, markii ugu horeysay siiyey description sax ah genera iyo noocyada of 10 kun oo dhirta. saynisyahan qudhiisu wuu helay oo ku tilmaamay oo ku saabsan 1.5 kun oo noocyada. Waxa uu seefqaad ah fiiro gaar ah u dhaqdhaqaaqa ee caleemaha iyo ubaxa, laakiin farsamo ee habka iyo ma isku dayaan in ay sharxaan in Karl Linney. Qoondaynta oo ah flora, ka abuuray isaga by, oo fudud, inkastoo aan dabiici ahayn. Waxay ku salaysan tahay meesha iyo size of the pistils iyo stamens ee ubaxa la dhigay. Korsaday by soocidda Linnaeus ayaa loo aqoonsan yahay caalamka oo dhan.

Karl Linney, iyo aragtida ah ee horumar

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, saynisyahan ma uu taageere u ahaa aragtida ah ee horumar bayoolaji. Waxa uu hayo iyadoo la raacayo tilmaanta ee Kitaabka Quduuska ah in labada ciyaaryahan ee hore ee noolaha la abuuray on Jannada jasiiradda ka dibna waan badiyey, oo faafin. First Karl Linney rumeysan yahay in noocyada kasta laga bilaabo maalinta uunka oo aan la modified. Later, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu ogaaday in noocyada cusub laga been abuurtay by weheshiga ruux. Iyadoo ay taasi jirto, saynisyahan ku dooday in sababaynta tirayn ee noolaha - bixitaankii ka dogmas diinta, si ay u yihiin axkaamta.

The salaysan soocidda macmal ah ee dhirta, sidaas Linnaeus dhigay fikradda ah tuso dhammaan noocyada. Inkasta oo isagu kuma uu jirin evolutionist, Taxonomy ah ma guurto ah, ka abuuray isaga by, waxa uu noqday madaxa rukunka ah ee horumarinta dheeraad ah ee sayniska. saynisyahano badan oo ku lug leh cilmi-baaris oo duurka ku ah horumar laga codsadaa in ay shuqulladii ay qoray Karl Linney. Contribution in ay sayniska ka marayso of view waa ku weyn yahay. magacyada Double xoolaha iyo dhirta waxaa kaliya ma ahan dardargelisay fowdo arkay isaga ka horreeyey oo kala soocidda ee dhirta iyo ugaarta. Muddo ka dib, magacyada kuwaas oo u noqday hab muhiim ah by kaas oo qeexaya xiriirka ee noocyada. Systema Naturae Karla Linneya, sidaas, door caan ah in aragtida ah evolutionary.

kala saaro iyo shuqullada Linnaeus Kale

Carl tilmaamay inay tahay macdan iyo carradu, cudurka (calaamadaha), tartanka aadanaha, waxaan helay caafimaad iyo guryaha sun ah noocyo kala duwan oo dhirta. Isagu waa author of dhowr shuqullada, inta badan ee cilmi barasho xayawaan iyo cilmi barasho dhir, iyo sidoo kale in la taaban karo oo af daawo. Sidaas darteed, in muddada u dhaxaysa 1749 in 1763 saddex muda ah "Materia Medica" waxay ku qoran yihiin 1763 - "cudurka Dhalmada", in 1766-m - ". Furaha daawada"

sano ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa, qaddar ee dhaxal ahaan

In 1774, saynisyahan a noqday si xun u xanuunsan. Nolosha dhaw ee Karla Linneya qarxay ee Uppsala January 10, 1778. Uu carmal iibin ururinta qoraallada iyo maktabada ee Linnaeus Smith, botanist Ingiriisi ah. Waxa uu aasaasay 1788 Society Linnéan ee London. Maanta, waxa jira oo waa mid ka mid ah xarumaha cilmi-baarista ugu weyn ee dunida.