Peloponnesian War: sababaha keena isku dhaca u dhexeeya Athens iyo Sparta

War The Peloponnesian - colaadaha military, kaas oo lahaa cawaaqib xun, oo u dhexeeya Empire reer Ateenay ah, oo loo yaqaan Symmachus Delian ah, iyo Peloponnesian League uu hoggaaminayo Sparta. waxaa On waxaa jira markhaatifurkaaga badan oo taariikhi ah saffarro, laakiin shaqada ugu muhiimsan ee iyaga ka mid ah waa "History" Thucydides. Inta badan oo ka mid ah majaajilooyin of Aristophanes, taas oo jees jeesi jireen qaar ka mid ah Jeneraaladii iyo dhacdooyinka lagu qoray inta lagu jiro xilliga this.

Athens iyo Sparta - laba awood-goboleedyada magaalada - sokeeye inta lagu guda jiro Wars Greco-Faarisi (499-449 CH sano.). Ka dib markii dib u gurasho reer Faaris, Athens kordhay saamaynta ay ma aha oo kaliya in ay Aegean iyo gobolka Badda Madow, laakiin sidoo kale doonayeen inay xukumaan oo dhan Greece.

Taariikhyahanada ayaa aaminsan in dagaalkii Peloponnesian ka qarxay, maxaa yeelay, waxaan ka cabsadaa Sparta inay awood sii kordhaysa ee Athens, kaas oo qaar badan oo ka go'doonsan yihiin tartamayaasha. Labada dalalka ahaayeen awood badan iyo iska indha laga yaabaa xeerarka jir ah oo dagaal lugta. Oo ay taageerayaan ku dhowaad 200,000 oo helots shaqeeyay beeraha iyo Massena Laconia Spartans saaray hoplites lahaa tababar military oo aad u fiican. Waxay si fiican ayaa loo yaqaan ee ay u dhiirranow, xirfadaha dagaalka aan hubaysnayn iyo istaraatijiyadda weerar of war abuurashadoodii ah, loo yaqaan formation phalanx ah. Qorshahani waxa cusub ayaa aad loogu guulaystay inta lagu guda jiro Battle of Marathon ee 490 BC iyo Plataea ee 479 BC, ka dib markii taas dagaal qadiimiga ah ee Giriiga ku dhamaaday guul badan Faaris.

Ka dib markii dib u gurasho reer Faaris, Athens ayaa joojiyeen isticmaalka trireme ah, on lid ku ah, waxay si weyn u kordhay ay raxan. Kiciyey on a wiilkaagiiba ka go'dayna waxay magaalada-dalalka ku yaalla jasiiradaha iyo xeebaha Badda Aegean ka, siyaasadda uu noqday nooc ka mid ah "Booliska wanaagsan", kormeerka keceen xulafadooda. Tobankii sano ee soo socota uu helay saamaynta weyn ee ururka (ama Delian Symmachus sida jidhka ugu weyn ee maamul ahaa jasiiradda of Delos).

dalalka kale ee ku lug leh ururka, waa si buuxda tiirsan Athens, oo ku koobanyihiin oo kaliya tabarucaadka lacagta. Tartiib tartiib noqoto khasnadda caadi ah khasaariyey keliya mashaariicda reer Ateenay ah halkii on ilaalinta ee Ionian iyo badaha Aegean ka duulay iman kara in wajiga of burcad badeeda iyo isku Faaris. Pericles guud ahaan khasnadda ku soo gaartay Delos in Athens, lacagta waxay bilaabeen inay in la isticmaalo si ay u maal dhismaha ballaaran qabtey iyaga by, gaar ahaan, Parthenon ah.

Sparta walaac daawaday sida gobolka, Confederated, ka luma kontaroolka baabuurtooda, iyo Athens galay boqortooyadii a badda u soo jeestay. Kordhinta ay awoodda, ay awoodaan si ay uga hortagaan ka Lacedaemonians, loo yaqaan Spartans, oo amiir u ahaa isbahaysi kale, taas oo ay muddo dheer ku hadhay awoodda kaliya ee ugu weyn ee military ee Greece ahaayeen. Sparta iyo xulafadeeda, marka laga reebo Korintos, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay la dagaalamaan ciidamada dhulka. Laakiin runtii ku jiray ciidan ah aan la jabin karin. Sayidka, labada awoodaha qaban Karin dagaal qiyaano iyo afjaro khilaafka "hal maalin."

The dagaal Peloponnesian bilaabay ay sabab u tahay dhowr ah tallaabooyin gaar ah oo ku saabsan qayb ka mid ah Athens, iyadoo ay sabab u taasoo Sokeeyaha Sparta soo gaaray. Maraakiibtan reer Ateenay hortagi Korintos u sameeyaan gumeysi ah ee Corfu, marka lagu daro, boqortooyadiisa ka qaaday cunaqabatayn dhaqaale ka dhanka ah Megara, taas oo noqon karto musiibo iyaga u.

War Peloponnesian The, kuwaas oo bilaabay in 431 BC, socotay wadar ahaan 27 sano, iyadoo xabad lix sano ah oo meel dhexe ee xilligan, oo dhammaadkeedu wuxuu la is dhiibin ee Athens ee 404 BC. Mid ka mid ah muddo dheer sababaha guuldarada awoodaha gudbiyo dillaacay lama filaan ah oo ah cudurka ee 430, kaas oo lagu dilay Pericles oo aan ka yarayn rubuc ka mid ah muwaadiniinta. Ku dhowaad saddex sano oo halgan joogto ah oo horseeday in kicitaan ee boqortooyadiisa ka, ciidamada aaban keenno iyo niyad.

Peloponnesian War dhamaaday la joojiyo oo jiritaanka xoogga reer Ateenay badda. Sparta iyo xulufadiisu ay u soo jeestay in ay fuliyaan urur Pan-Hellenic meel kasta xukunka oligarchic.