Oxalic acid

Xakamaynta dib udajinta karboksiliga leh caanaha C2H2O4 waxaa loogu yeeraa, qaabaynta nidaamsan, ethanedioic acid. Walaxtan waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaanaa magaca kale, magaca caadiga ah - oxalic acid. Waxaa markii hore laga helay farmashiyaha Jarmalka F. Weller oo ka timid cyanogen (dinitrile oxalic acid) sannadkii 1824. Cabbirrada aan midabada lahayn ee ka mid ah astaamaha ayaa biyo ku milmaya biyaha si ay u sameeyaan xal aan midab lahayn. Cabbirka madaarka waa 90.04 g / mol. Muuqaal ahaan waxay u egtahay kookheer aan midab lahayn. At heerkul ah 20 ° C, 8 g of oxalic acid kala diri 100 g oo biyo ah. Waxay si fiican u kala dillaacday acetone, aalkolada etil iyo sulfur ether. Cufnaanta waa 1.36 g / cm³. Marxaladaha heerkulku yahay 189.5 ° C, waa la sarreyaa 125 ° C, waxay hoos u dhigtaa 100-130 ° C.

Dhammaan guryaha kiimikada ee dabeecadda carboksilic waxaa leh hantida oxalic. Caanoboorka: NOOS-COOH. Inkasta oo ay xaqiiq tahay in ay tixraacayso asiidhka karboksiliga, waxaa loo tixgeliyaa in uu yahay acid acid xooggan (3000 jeer xooggan yahay acetic acid): C2O4H2 → C2O4H- + H + (pK = 1.27) iyo dheeraad ah: C2O4H- → C2O42 + + H + (pK = 4.27). Qaadashada iyo cusbada cayayaanka waxaa lagu magacaabaa oxalates. Oxalate ion C2O42 - waa wakiil yareynaya. In falcelinta ee oxalic acid leh xal of -KP (KMnO4) iyo ugu dambaysta la soo kabsaday xal noqdo midab. Waxaa lagu gartaa falcelin dib u dhac leh oo si tartiib ah uga jawaab celinaya alkolada (esterification), taas oo keentay in la sameeyo asaasiyeyaasha: HOOC-COOH + 2HOR ↔ 2H2O + ROOC-COOR.

In warshadaha, oxalic acid waxaa laga helaa by oxidizing xeryahooda kiimikada. Tusaale ahaan, iyadoo ay joogaan vanadyaqaan vanadium (V2O5), isku dar ah nitric (HNO3) iyo sulfuric (H2SO4) acids oxidizes alkol, carbohydrates iyo glycols. Sidoo kale habka ku haboon ee ethylene iyo qayilo alxamaad la acid nitric (HNO3) iyadoo ay wada joogaan ee cusbada palladium of XPIEIV (NO3) 2 ama PdCl2. Oxalic acid waxaa laga helaa propylene, kaas oo la oxidized leh nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Waxay leedahay geedi socod rajo wanaagsan diyaarinta reaction of acid la hydroxide sodium (NaOH) la carbon monoxide (CO) iyada oo loo marayo marxaladda dhexe ee formation of formate sodium: NaOH + CO → HCOONa. Dabadeed oxalate sodium ayaa la sameeyaa waxaana la xoreeyay hydrogen: HCOONa + NaOH → NaOOC-COONa + H2 ↑. Laga soo bilaabo oxalate sodium ee dhexdhexaad ah acidic, oxalic acid waxaa la helaa: NaOOC-COONa + 2H + → HOOC-COOH + 2Na +.

Meelaha ugu muhiimsan ee codsiga oxalic acid waa nadiifin ama ladar cad. Oxalic acid wax ku ool karaa ka saar oo miridhkeeda, si hab badan nadiifinta ka kooban xarunta kiimikada. Qiyaastii rubuc ka mid ah daawada oxalic ee la soo saaro waxaa loo isticmaalaa murtuuc si loogu dhajiyo warshadaha maqaarka iyo dharka. Waxa kale oo loo isticmaalaa sida falceliska (GOST 22180-76) ee kiimikada falanqaynta. Ethanedioic acid Dihydrate (NOOC-COOH • H2O) sida ku cad TU 2431-002-77057039-2006 oo leh qaybo badan oo ka mid ah walaxda ugu weyn ee ≥ 99.3% waxaa loo isticmaalaa hababka wax soo saarka ee loo yaqaan 'synthesis organic', si loo nadiifiyo dhoobada iyo qiyaasta birta, si loo dhajiyo qaybaha mikroskoobo. Beekeepers isticmaali xal acid oxalic la jajab mass of 3.2% ee sharoobada sonkorta, waayo, la dagaalanka caarada ah Dulin. Marka la dhameeyo qaababka marmarka ah, waxay xaddideysaa dusha sare si ay u jajabiso loona iftiimiyo.

Oxalic acid iyo oxalates waxay ku jiraan dhirro badan, oo ay ku jiraan shaaha madow, oo laga helo xayawaanka. dhaawac ugu weyn in ay aadanuhu waxa uu la xidhiidhaa kelyaha, taas oo dhacda sabab u ah is dhexgalka ee oxalic acid la calcium, taasoo keentay in roobab ee adag oxalate calcium (SaS2O4) - qayb weyn ee dhagxaan kellida. Acid waxay xanuujisaa xanuunka qaybaha ka yimaada sababtoo ah roobabka ka yimaada xeryahooda. Oxalic acid waxaa laga abuuri karaa jidhka sababtoo ah dheef-shiid kiimikaadka glycol ee ka yimaada deegaanka (tusaale ahaan, wakiilka anti-icing ee daaweynta wadooyinka iyo diyaaradaha ee garoomada, iyo sidoo kale ilaha kale ee anthropogenic). Dhibaatooyinka suurtagalka ah ee leh oxalates ee jirka bani-aadmiga waxaa loo qaybin karaa laba. Midka koowaad - macruufka muhiimka ah ee kalsiyum wuxuu la xiriiraa oxalic acid iyo daciifnimada unugyada unugyada iyo xubnaha ayaa la sameeyaa. Midda labaad waa samaynta dhagxaan kellida. Qadarka ugu weyn ee oxalic acid waxaa laga helaa isbinaajka, caleemaha iyo afkoda xashiishadda, sorrel, beetroot, dhir, basasha cagaaran.