Observatory Greenwich (London)

Greenwich Observatory, kuwaas oo soo xirtay muddo dheer xaaladda "boqornimada" waxa uu noqday urur weyn ah sumalka uguma, ma aha oo kaliya in Britain laakiin sidoo kale ee dunida.

bilaabaha ee ay abuurka ahaa Charles II. Ujeedada ugu weyn ee caddaynta ahayd muhiim ah in raggii baxriyiinta ah wadataa juquraafi. Waxaa caddaymo muujiyeen oo ku saabsan meesha uu goobaha juquraafi inta badan keeni khasaaraha maraakiibta iyo xitaa dhimasho.

Greenwich Observatory waxaa la filayey inay element ugu mideynaya kaas oo baxriyiintii ayaa ku tiirsanaan karin. Xog ururinta iyo baaraandegi loo ogol yahay in ay u fududahay in ay maraan in waasicinnay ee badaha iyo moolalka oo si aad u hesho hab, xataa marka aad off course Veer.

The salaysan cabbirka dhigay dhigaha - juqraafi wadataa loo isticmaalo xisaabinta masaafada u dhaxaysa hal dhibic iyo qof kale helo hal dhibic oo gaar ah.

Xisaabinta dhigaha on dhulkiinnu midho ma ay adag tahay - mar hore u muuqday alaabtii sahan. Laakiin badda (ama joojiyaa) la isticmaalayo habab caadiga ah suurtogal ma aha, maxaa yeelay, waxyaalaha kala ma kaalinta on dusha biyaha. Habka lagu kalsoonaan karo oo la go'aaminayo dhigaha ee badda ku jira ma jirin ilaa qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad.

England, isagoo awood badaha, si firfircoon doonayo si loo ogaado dhigaha waa in ay expanses furan oo biyo ah.

Dabcan, waxa suurto gal ahayd in ay maraan sidii hore, xiddigaha. Laakiin tani waxay ahayd si cad u ma ku filan. Haa, oo kuwanuna waxay bartilmaameedyo on maalin daruuro in ceeryaanta ma shaqeeyaan.

In 1.675 (March) Charles II magacaabay John Flamsteed Astronomer Royal. Dhallinyarada ahaa wadaad 28-sano jir ah, talooyin: "... dadaal gaar ah iyo daryeelka ay u soo qaato Samooyinka miiska dhaqdhaqaaqa dib u heshiisiinta iyo meel iftiinka iyo in la horumariyo farshaxanka navigation ...".

In isla sanadkaas (ee March), Observatory Greenwich helo hoos si shaqada. natiijada daawashada waxaa lagu daabacay ugu horeysay "Marine Almanakka" laba sano oo kaliya ka dib markii bilowgii dhawrid ka dib.

Shaqada wayn fuliyay fiirinta Greenwich ee, macno ahaan flips navigation badda iyo siinayaa UK fursad si ay u noqdaan compiler weyn oo badda kaararka (Badda-socda).

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dalal badan ayaa sii waday in ay isticmaalaan nidaam u gaar ah oo cabbirka of dhigaha.

Italy diiradda on suusho ah ee Naples, Switzerland - Stockholm, Spain - Ferro ee France - in Paris. Laakiin baahida loo qabo in nidaam caadi ah markii tixraac dunida iyo dhigaha ahaa cad.

Marka tan la eego, waxaa la go'aamiyay in uu abaabulo Shirka Caalamiga ah (1884). Waayo, bil dhan wakiilada shan iyo labaatan dal oo ay awoodi waayeen in ay gaaraan tanaasul. In dhamaadka, waxa ay noqotay dhibic tixraaca ee Greenwich ee London, oo hadda loo yaqaan ay suusho Greenwich. Longtitude go'aansaday in lagu cabiro laba jiho - positive (dhigaha bari) iyo taban (galbeed).

nalalka Street ee London waxa uu noqday in 1930 waa dhalaalaya, oo sii daba-xiddigaha ee dawladii hore ma ahayn mid horay u suurto gal ah. Greenwich Observatory dhaqaaqay Herstmonceux (Sussex County, 70 km meel ka mid ah goobta hore fiirinta). Kooxda ayaa ku haray dhismayaasha in matxafka qaranka Maritime maray. In 1990, cirbixiyeyaasha lahaa in ay mar kale u guuraan, mar this ee Cambridge. In 1998, Observatory Greenwich ee (Royal) ahaa u xiran yihiin.