Noocyada gabayada, free, aayadda maran iyo kuwa kale

aayadda Blank - waa magaca Aayado iambic aan mijana. Magaca xidido ku leeyahay Ingiriisi. Poetics eray Ingiriisi ah ee «aayadda bannaan» maray in Faransiis ah - «vers Blanc». Sayidka, ka gabayo aayadda maran waxaa lagu halligay la "tirtirayaa" mijana. Maqnaanshaha of mijana ahaa caadiga ah ka mid ah gabayayaashiinnu qadiimiga.

aayadda Blank waa wax caadi ah in gabayada dhaqanka Ruush. In shuqullada door dhismaha, waayo, burburin gaar ah (dhamaadka). In buugga gabayada, on lid ku ah, aayadda bannaan loo isticmaalo si joogta ah ka yar.

muddo Syllabic gabayada Ruush waxa lagu gartaa erayga ah ee mudnaan gaar ah siinaysaa cod. Si kastaba ha ahaatee Trediakovskii arkay saldhig ma ereyo, iyo laxanka iyo meter. Waxa uu ahaa kii ugu horeeyay ee ku qoray aayadda maran, iyo mijana ma.

Ka dib markii Trediakovsky Kantemir tarjumay "Waraaqaha" Quintus Horatius Flaccus. Tani waxay muujisay in Gabayaana waxaa sillabisty tixgeliyo aasaasiga ah ee ku xusan aayadda uusan ereyo, iyo size Guclee, laxanka ton.

waa inaan sheegaa in kitaabkii ka poetics ee dhinacyada qadiimiga ah, oo ay ku jiraan hexameter ah, ayaa laga aqbalay oo aan muran. The "aayadda maran" dhinacyada kale ee aan la isla markiiba aqbalay by Gabayaana.

Qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad hore, inta badan si xoog leh u difaaca shuqullada sameeyaa bezrifmennyh Zhukovsky. Waxa uu taageeray by Koltsov, Pushkin, Lermontov, oo qayb ahaan. Ka dibna, aayadda maran noqotay arrin caadi ah in gabayada. The ugu aqbalayn waxaa loo arkaa in shuqullada riwaayado, sida caadiga ah pentameter iambic.

Waa in la ogaadaa in maqnaanshaha iyo mijana in shuqullada iyaga ma waayi mudnaan suugaanta. Aayaddan waxa uu bannaan, sida runtii ah ee dadka kale, la badbaadiyey iyo af maldahan, oo lagu burburin karo, iyo laxanka.

In kasta oo ay la'aanta waadaxa ah iyo mijana, huraanka saf dhamaadka, Aayado yihiin waafaqsan shuruudaha ton qoran. In si kale loo dhigo, wax soo saarka ee uu ka kooban yahay tiro la mid ah cagaha, isku wada qiyaas bay la hayo. Isbarbar aayadda "cad" iyo "free", wacan codadka ugu horeysay. Qorayaasha in qofkii ugu horreeyey ee, xoriyad badan isticmaalka hab ah ee ra'yi dhiibashada, taas oo ka dhigaysa sheyga aad u dareen.

aayadda Free rhymed shaqo helo iambic, taas oo ah waxa lagu gartaa tiro sinnayn (aan ka badnayn lix) cagaha saf.

aayadda free isticmaalay sheekooyin Mikhalkov, masaakiinta, Krylov. By bilowgii qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad ee style this lagu daabacay fariimihii, epitaphs, epigrams. Aayaddan free, abuuray riwaayadaha "isu ekaysiiyaan" (Lermontov) iyo "Waxaa iska hoogay ka Wit" (comedy Griboyedov). In saddexaad ee hore ee qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad, si la mid ah in ay qoraan qaar ka mid ah Elegy la farqi yar oo dherer ah ee string ah. Marka farqiga weyn ee dhererka string shuqullada lyrical helid towns stylistic gaar ah taas oo ah sheekooyin ku waani.

Gabayaana waxaa qaar ka mid ah, isku dayayaan in ay qori shaqada a lyrical, "free" ma taageero ka heli. "Darling" (gabay Bogdanovich ee) - gabay kaliya ee aayadda free sameeyey - hadhay oo kala duwan. naqdiya suugaanta badan oo wakiil style ee aragtida ah taariikhiga ah ee bedelka raeshnika qaranka. Labada Hababka leeyihiin a khadadka anisosyllabic nidaamka caadiga ah. aayadda Free ma dura jiibta kala duwan, in arrintan la xiriira, haddana ma laha cantabile ah, taas oo ah caadiga ah ee aayadda habboon ton. At qalbiga tiradda waa cagta disyllabic, oo aan agtiinna ah ama shestidolnik chetyrehdolnik beddelka aad u yar.

Tan iyo bilowgii qarnigii labaatanaad ka poetics galbeedka yimid, ereyga "aayadda free". Taas macnaheedu waxa lagu gartaa "aayadda free" - xoogaa qaababka aayadda ku waani. Way is khilaafeen waxaa ka isosyllabism iyo syllabic aayadda syllabic-tonic ah. First, ereyga "aayadda free" waxaa loo isticmaalay magaca turjumay Ruush shuqullada ah gabayayaashiinnu Faransiis Symbolist.