Nereditsa Church. Church of Badbaadiyeheenna ah on Nereditsa

Ilya Glazunov ayaa rinjiyeynta qurux badan loo yaqaan "Rabbiga Novgorod weyn." Macbadka, sawirka waxaa, ay meesha on, beeraha ku wareegsan yihiin kuwo aad u la mid ah Nereditsa Church. La yaab ma laha, waxaa sidoo kale ku yaal meel u dhow Novgorod, oo kala firidhsanaayeen sidii sawirka seeraha Volkhov.

Rurik - amiirradii Ruush ugu horeysay

In Russia, macbudyo ayaa had iyo jeer lagu dhisay on kaalinta ugu sareeya - ku dhow yahay inuu Ilaah. In degmada diirka ugu sareeya - Nereditsa. waxaa On, oo waxaa jira macbudka isbeddelid sida ku jirta. laba wiil intuu dhintay ka soocay, Yaroslav. taariikhyahanadu Qaar ka mid ah waxay aaminsan yihiin in by naaneesta "falsan" illoobeen inay dar "aan naxariis lahayn." Ha leeyihiin faraha ku filan si ay koobi tirada carruurta in kasta oo talada haya ee Russia Rurik. Iyo ina Yuriya Dolgorukogo, Vsevolod, ay sabab u tahay tirada iyo dumarkoodii iyo carruurtoodiiba waxaa lagu naanayso "Nest Big". Princes dhintay, oo intii ay walaalkiis noolaa dagaalka u baxay dhanka ah walaalkiis, wiilkiisii aabbihiis, aabbe wiil. The quduusiinta ugu horeysay Ruush - Boris iyo Gleb, Yaroslava Mudrogo walaalihiis iyo Svyatopolk, taas oo version rasmiga ah, iyagaa dilay, taas oo uu ku helay naanaysta "lacnaday." Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in ay gacmaha of Yaroslav dhacay. Anyway, Nereditsa Church ayaa qeyb ahaan loo sooco iyaga, iyo sababta oo ah macbudka dukaanka rinjiyeynta gaar ah oo wajahaya quduusiinta Ruush ugu horeysay.

macbudka Place

Temple la qotomiyey dhow deegaanka Yaroslav, saddex kiiloomitir u jirta Novgorod. Waa inuu gashadaa macbudkiisa u dhow munaaradaha gayiga dejinta. Haddaba meeshan waa taallo ah qaddiimiga ah, loo yaqaan "tuuli maayo Rurik," iyo qayb ka mid ah dhaxalkooda taariikhiga ah ee liiska cinwaan looga dhigay "The Great Novgorod", ilaaliyo by UNESCO. Keniisad, sugnaa agagaarka yar ka dib ka mid ah Nereditsa isbeddelid sida ku jirta, ayaa loo magacaabay "Badbaadiyeheenna on ag tuuli maayo ee." In Novgorod in muddada boqornimadii Yaroslav sameeyay dhismaha ah kaniisadda firfircoon. Si ka duwan badan oo St. Sophia Cathedral goor dambe oo qarnigii XII oo hore XIII si firfircoon dhisay kaniisadaha size yar yar. Kaniisadda waxa uu ku yaalaa on qararka webiga Spasskaya. Ee la soo dhaafay kiniisadda qaaday wadada Moscow. Taagay mid ka mid xagaaga 1198 Nereditsa Church ahaa dhismaha ugu dambeeya ee Yaroslav dhulka this. Novgorod isaga laga eryo. Laakiin waxay ahayd amiir la soo dhaafay iyo dhismaha guud ahaan - Novgorod noqotay magaalo xor ah.

Xaaladaha dammaanad asalnimada

keligeed, kaniisad yar yar, halka soo saara aragti cajiib ah. Waxay, sidoo kale, waa qayb ka mid ah dhaxalkooda taariikhiga ah ee "The Great Novgorod", iyo sidoo kale kaniisadaha kale sii raagayaan dhisay by Yaroslav oo ka horreeyay oo uu. Noocyo ka mid ah kaniisadaha Kiev, qaaday saldhig, hodan by dhaqanka maxalliga ah ee magaalada ganacsiga, dhadhanka iyo farshaxanka ah ee injineero iyo fanaaniinta. Waxay heleen asalnimada ay sabab u tahay nooca dhismaha darbiyada dhagaaxda dhagax iyo qalabka. Waxa ay aheyd kala - layers Mire Waqaf oo kale u plinfy (lebenkii nuuradda), dhagax maxaliga ah, workability saboolka ah, dheeriga ah ee xal of chips leben iyo nuuradda Volkhov. Sababo la khaladaad derbiyada plinfy ahaayeen xunxunna. All of this peculiarity iyo bixiyo dhismaha maxaliga ah ee Misbaax gaar ah loo yaqaan "naqshadaha ee Novgorod Land", taas oo ah wakiil caadiga ah ee Nereditsa Church.

macbudyo kuwan

The macbudka size yar yar, kaas oo khuseysaa magac "Chamber", waxaa wax tara oo lagu sharfayo wiilal laayay, oo lagu uuraysan sida xabaal princely. Dhismaha la sameeyay by Isbadalo dedejiyey, waqtiga uu ahaa rikoor - kaliya 4 bilood, laakiin dhan ee soo socda ee 1199 kiniisadda ahaa rinji. In qaabka iyo naqshadaha (hal-qubbad qeyb kaniisadda) Church of Badbaadiyeheenna ah on Nereditsa ekaan dhismayaasha kale ee diinta ka taagay intii lagu jeer isku mid ah. Aad isaga oo kale ah waa Cathedral ee isbeddelid in Pereyaslav-Zalessky, Deemeetriyos Cathedral ee Vladimir, kaniisadda Pyatnitskaya in Chernigov, Church of Annunciation ku Arkazhi, Peter iyo Paul Sinichnoy murug iyo kuwa kale. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah waa nooca ugu weyn ee kaniisadda Orthodox ah. Dhismaha oo dhagax ah oo kaniisad cross-domed ee Russia bilaabay dhismaha ee Kiev kaniisad meeltobnaadka dhamaadka qarnigii X u, dhismaha firfircoon oo ka mid ah kaniisadaha ee noocan ah hawl socota illaa maanta. Waa in maanta loo soo celiyo meelihii baabbi'iyey xoog Soviet cibaadada iyo dhismaha cusub. Oo waa wanaagsan tahay in ay ilaashadaan qaab soo jireenka ah macbudka Orthodox Ruushka, iyo si garabaka farshaxankiisa of Nesterov iyo Glazunov. Sii la hayo, caruurta oo casri ah Ruhbaaniyad jacayl ah Russia tan iyo carruurnimada, iyo fikirka ah "Quduuska Russia" ayaa noqonaya mid aad u dhow.

sifooyin Gaarna heer qaran

Temple halkay Nereditsa la xidhiidhaa a cross-domed, iyadoo 4 columns gudaha goobaha cibaadada sita. Waxa uu, sida dhismayaasha badan oo la mid ah, ayaa pozakomarnoe daahan soo jireenka ah ee dhismaha Orthodox Church Ruush ah. Si gaar ah ama zakomary semicircular waxaa geesba saqafka, halkii ay adag by adkeyneyna qaabka uu u xafiiltamaan kaniisad. Zakomary xayndaabka nafteeda loo caleemo saaray - jab toosan ee tolnimo kaniisad. Kuwaas oo gogo 'toosan on gacanta ku hal, qurxin macbudka, oo dhinaca kale ah - waxay siinaysaa aqoonsi qaran u gaar ah. Sababta oo ah size yar ee Church of isbeddelid sida ku jirta on Nereditsa ayaa kooxood oo yar yar, oo ka dhigan mezzanine si ay madaxdii muusikaystayaasha.

Device Nereditsa kaniisadda

Sida caadiga ah, dhismaha, kuwaas oo - u hurdaysan heesta ama - ku yaal gallery furan ama balakoonka gudaha kaniisadda, oo waxaa mar kasta ku taala dabaqa labaad ee derbiga meesha allabariga ka soo horjeeda on. kaniisadda waxa uu leeyahay a derbiyada aad u qaro weyn, jaranjarada cidhiidhi ah oo laga galo in gallery ah, ee ku taalla ambadeen alwaax, jar derbiga galbeed. On u hurdaysan waxaa jira laba chapels. kiniisadda Our Badbaadiyeheenna ah Novgorod Nereditsa leeyahay saamiga arrin qalad ah, derbiyada xoqdo, laakiin waxa aanu u ma na dhacaan, iyo siinayaa kiniisadda Hadba gaar ah oo asalnimada. derbiga caaga waxaa loo arkaa inay la yaab leh. In kasta oo egyihiin badan, kiniisadda waa mid gaar ah.

Dhisay kaniisad ku jiray oo inkasta oo ay rinji sannad dhan, waqtiga codsanaya frescoes ayaa sidoo kale waxay ahaayeen kuwo gaaban. Rinjiyeynta qariyeen gudaha oo dhan - darbiyada, Cirkana dhismo, taageerada tiirar, iyo in this iyadu ma wuxuu u dhigmaa. Ugu weyn galidoonaan picturesque, Taalladaas caanka inay cillaanka taariikhi ma aha oo kaliya in Russia laakiin sidoo kale in Europe - taasi waxa weeye waxa rinjiyeynta ah, kaas oo badbaadiyay Nereditsa. Novgorod aan ku faani karo oo ah xataa hal kaniisad oo kale.

Illoobay oo badbaadiyey

Wixii qarniyo badan ka ahaa kaniisad, wax dhis milmaan galay muuqaalkii ku wareegsan, oo ma jirin Crore badan oo ku wareegsan. Dulsaarka waxaa ku soo baxay qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XIX ah. Artist Martynov ee 1867 heshay biladda maarta ah ee Paris ee rijiyeeyay koobi watercolor nereditskih. In 1910, waxay ka bilaabanaysaa dib u soo celinta frescoes iyo barasho oo firfircoon. Waxaas oo dhan waxaa ka badan ama ka yar culus la sii wadaa ilaa 30-ka. shaqada Tani waa markii ugu riixaya Nikolay Rerih, kuwaas oo doonayay in ay sii jawharad this sida Badbaadiyeheenna ah Nereditsa oo dhan. Frescoes kaniisadda si uu wakhtiga soo galay xaalad la yaabka wanaagsan.

aragti cajiib ah

Oo kaliya in ay shaqada ka qaadeen waqtiga mahad, khasnadaha kuwan waa sii raagayaan ee sawirada iyo koobiyada ilaa maantadan la joogo, oo la sii daayay sida buug. Naftooda sida frescoes, iyo macbudka, wax kasta oo ay ku dhinteen 1941 by dabka madaafiic Nazi, sida kaniisad la rasaas dhibic. Sidaas u weyn oo ahaa muhiimadda ay leedahay in this kaniisadda, kaas oo shaqada dib u soo celinta bilaabay 1944. Temple dhiso si xirfad leh in dad yar oo isaga aqoonsadaan sida abuurka post-dagaal. Si aad u cilinta kiniisadda la sameeyey suuragal ah keliya iyada oo loo marayo sawiro qiyaasay sameeyey 1903-1904 by academician P. Pivovarov.

gaar ah

Laga soo bilaabo meel fog, la arki taagan on Church buuraha leh oo reer Badbaadiyeheenna ah on Nereditsa ah. Photos heli karaa tiro badan, waxaa quruxda cajiib noqotay. Dibadda u nuqul ah saxda ah ee ururka ka horeeyey, laakiin gudaha laga yaabaa in aan la soo celiyo, sababtoo ah ee ku hadhay 15% ka mid ah farshaxankiisa asalka ah, inta badan qaybta sare - darbiyada, meelaha dedan, oo qubbad.

aqonsado ee isha asalka ah ma aha oo kaliya in la rinjiyeeyay gabi ahaanba wax kasta - waxaa lagu foorariyay brushwork iyo theme frescoes.

Aan caadi ahayn markii ugu, oo waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay relic ah image ee Xamar, "loosoo" tiradaasi Masiixa leh lix Malaa'igta. Wakhtigan, Xamar lagu ladhay by "Pantokratom". Waxa uu ahaa, sida caadiga ah, image dual Ciise. Wuxuu u abuuray Eebe barako gacanta midig, bidix haysta Injiilka a. At 9 heerarka ay ku yaalaan frescoes kaniisadda. halkan waxaa ku jiray "Baabtiisku" darey, Wehbe oo ugu horeysay dhintay Knyazhich St. Boris iyo Gleba. Halkan ahaa sida sawirka weyn oo Yaroslav iyo Halabuurka weyn Qiyaame, taas oo ay jirto ahayd meel sheekada "hodan ku Jahannamo." barnaamijka guud ee rinjiyeynta, sida Sophia St. Cathedral, ka maqnaa, ma jirin taariikh ugu yar ee dhacdooyinka, laakiin ma aha mid ku baryayaaye frescoes nereditskih muhiimada.

abuurka wadareed

Aqoonyahano badan ayaa u yeelaan la'aanta ah ee nidaamka joogitaanka tiro badan oo ah fanaaniinta iyo rush ee amarka. Iyo qaar ka mid ah waxay aaminsan yihiin in Jaroslaw bilaha xagaaga gaaban, marka sida caadiga ah rinji kaniisadda, casuumay khubaro madax banaan midba midka kale, mid ka mid ah kuwaas oo ahaa xataa shisheeye ah. Sidaa darteed, waxaa jira cacophony noocan oo kale ah.

Magaca saxda ah ee artist ah lama yaqaan, laakiin (ineey) dhibcood badan si ay xaqiiqada ah in ay ahayd Ikonnikov Olis Grechin. Qadiimiga ah ayaa laga helay isaga oo studio, dhibcood halkaas oo uu ku lug farshaxankiisa nereditskim. Khubarada la soco in caadada rinjiyaynta xerada, dhow, halkii, sidaas oo bari ka badan Byzantine adag.

ilaalinta dhaxalka

Dagaalka ka dib, ee Church of isbeddelid sida ku jirta on Nereditsa waxaa gebi ahaanba dib loo soo celiyo ee 1958, iyo 1992 ayaa lagu daray liiska Heritage World.

guusha weyn yahay in ay hadda tahay hadalkay ku ah nidaamka 3D. Ardayda oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Leningrad sawir madow iyo caddaan iyo Dakatu, dhawrayay kaydka, waxaana uu awood u cilinta decoration gudaha iyo bannaanka kiniisadda, oo waxaa la beddelo muddo. Waxaa kale oo dhan run.

Haddaba dhawr kiniisadda a maalmood usbuucii iyadu ka shaqeeyaa sidii matxaf furan yihiin dadweynaha.