Meeday Forest Reserve Dhexe? Central State Forest Biosphere Reserve: description, dabeecadda iyo xiiso leh xaqiiqooyinka

Sidoo kale, in dalkeena si taxaddar leh la ilaashaa, ka ab la joogo iyo mustaqbalka hannaanka gaarka ah, halkaas oo aad ku raaxaysan karaan nooca ay foomka saafi, daawan xayawaanka ku dhex jira xorriyad, in aad neefsato urka nooleeya ubaxyo iyo caleemo! Mid ka mid ah labada geesood kuwa - Nature Central State Forest Biosphere Reserve. Waxay leedahay sheeko aan caadi ahayn ah, ee la soo dhaafay adag iyo hadiyad weyn. Seynisyahanno ku bixiya cilmi muhiim ah, oon ku hubinta jiritaanka lafaguro kale Ruush. Laakiin reserve waa u furan yahay dhammaan kuwii ku caashaqi jiray dabiiciga ah. Gaar ahaan carruurta waa la soo dhawaynayaa halkan. Dadkaas iyaga ah waxaa la qabtaa hawlo xiiso leh ee dabiiciga ah, dalxiisyada, iyo Baba Yaga, oo ku nool kaynta, qabanqaabisaa botanists dhalinyarada iyo xayawaanka imtixaanka dhabta ah.

Location

Central State Forest Nature Reserve waxaa ku taal dalalka gobolka Tver ee koonfur-galbeed ee Tver. In tirada, waxaa meesha la xiriirta magaalooyinka u dhow waaweyn waa sida soo socota:

• ka Moscow in line toos u reserve ku saabsan 285 km,
• ka Kaluga, 274 km,
• ka Vitebsk 212 km,
• ka Smolensk, 175 km,
• ka Tver, 167 km,
• ka Rzhev 75 km.

At 68 km ka aasaaska dhowrsoon qarash gudubno halyeeyga Seliger.

Juquraafi, Dhexe Forest State Nature Reserve waxa uu ku yaalaa Hills Valdai ah, on qaybsanyahay ah (Caspian-Baltic), qeybaha sare ee wabigga ee webiyaasha Volga iyo Western Dvina. U dhow soohdinta reer reserve ah, si toos ah in dhulkeeda lagu garaacaa ilo dhulka webiyaasha Meza, Tyudma, Tudovka, Zhukopa ah.

reserve Background

Meelaha ay jirto a gobolka Central Forest Reserve Tver, xad iyo sidoo kale sii raagayaan ilaa qarnigii 20-aad, sababtoo ah qaab-dhismeedka ciidda iyo jeebabka dal kaynta sababay dhibaatooyin u tahay horumarka dhaqaalaha. Qarnigii 18aad ayaa lagu magacaabay Okovskim ama kaynta Volkonski. Waxaa jiray cidlada ah. In yar ayaa ay awoodaan in ay qaataan tuulooyinka hoy hareeraha webiyada iyo Tudovka Zhukopa. In kaynta Okovskom ayaa ugaarsanaya cariishyada General Romeyko, Sheremetiev iyo dhowr dadka dhulka leh. Kulligood waxay halkan u yimaadeen inay u ugaadhsadaan, iyo ka badan si kasta oo kaynta looma isticmaalo, iyo Romeyko Intaa waxaa dheer soo rogay ay qayb ka mid ah kaynta loo ilaalin lahaa si, mamnuucaya ugaarsiga iyo xaalufinta, in kastoo aad kuraha gaar ah, meeshaas oo aan lahayn biyo fadhiya, beeralayda wareegaayo nidaamka ama habka markana yarayn-iyo-gubashada ee nadiifinta dhulka, jeexi iyaga oo abuuraya degsiimooyinka la deggan yahay.

In 1905, cabsi by kacaanka, milkiilayaasha hore ee dalkoodii bilaabay inuu iibiyo, iyo milkiilayaasha cusub ee faa'iido shaqeeyay iyaga on wixii ay doonayeen. Waxa uusan waxba iska badalin booska iyo ka dib October Weyn Revolution ee 1017. Kaliya ee 20 jirka ah ee dowladda Soviet si wax looga qabto arrinta ilaalinta khayraadka dabiiciga ah.

marxaladaha saldhig

Gobolka Central Forest Reserve Tver on waraaqaha la aasaasay 1931 ka hor fasaxa sanadka cusub, on 31 December. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si ay u abuuraan shaqo bilaabay 1925. Markaas, casharro la xidhiidha machadka koriska in Smolensk, Grigory Leonidovich qabriga, hogaaminayo duulaan si ay u bartaan khayraadka dabiiciga ah u dhow Moscow iyo xukunka in ay ahayd dalkii Gobolka Tver dhexeeya Volga iyo Northern Dvina fiican ku haboon si ay u noqdaan kaydka dabiiciga ah. Tan waxaa ka soo horjeeda lumbermen meelahaas oo si firfircoon uga jari geedaha ugu qiimaha badan yihiin in dalka uu ka lumay qiimaha oo dhan. In 1930, qabriga abaabulay duulaan cusub oo lagu qeexaa goobta cusub ee reserve ah. From uu Calaamadayn jir ah waxa ku jira waxaa ka mid ah oo kaliya 3,000 hektar. Thanks to dadaalka ninkan muuqday Reserve iyo qabriga ka noqday agaasime.

dhibaatooyin khibrad

In 30-40s Reserve Central Forest dhow Tver aan si guul leh iyo fruitfully shaqeeyay - dhismayaasha xafiiska dhisay, laboratories, guryaha shaqaalaha ee wadada. Shaqaalaha waa 61 oo qof, oo iyana waxay ahaayeen 15 ilaalada ammaanka iyo 21 cilmibaadhe. dadaal badan u huray in reserve deegaan dhallinyarada Vladimir Stanchinsky, abaabulan hab isku dhafan in ay ka shaqeeyaan. Laakiin ninkan in 1941 waxaa xantay, silcin, xabsiga, halkaas oo uu sannad ka dib dhintay galay.

maalgelinta Dowladda reserve uu si wanaagsan u socday, taas oo ka dhigtay in ay suurto gal ah si ay u fuliyaan baaritaano badan oo soo bandhigo ekoprogrammy waxtar leh, laakiin dagaal waa gudbeen. Shaqaale badan at call iyo si iskood ah u baxay inuu ka hor ah, inta kale ee ay isku dayayaan inay ka baxdo reserve iyo dadka deegaanka darro waxayna jiidayeen iska wax kasta oo ay kari waayeen. In 1941, unit dhuumaalaysiga ah qaley reserve ah. The naasiga iyo casaabadiisa oo bilays ah si ay u tagaan oo qoto dheer galay kaynta ka cabsadeen, laakiin waxay dhaceen dubaan, dhexe iyo museum, halaagnay ururinta iyo qoraallada badan, waxyeelo loo geysto 265 000, taas oo ahayd lacag aad u weyn, waayo xilligii Soviet.

Sida ugu dhakhsaha badan hore u dhaqaaqay galbeed, Forest Reserve Dhexe ee dib u bilaabay hawsheeda. Ushiisa koobnaa dadka kaliya 13. Dadka xoogaa by yara badiyay dib u bilaabay mar kale abuuray shaybaar. Laakiin 1951, sanadka reserve ka soo bixin jiray xiran iyo shaqaalaha dhigay off. Kaliya ee 9 sano, inta lagu guda jiro kaas oo mar kale la boobay oo laga badiyay badan, mar kale bilaabay inuu soo nooleeyo. In 1985, reserve this waxaa ka mid ahaa in network caalamiga ah ee UNESCO ee goobaha la ilaaliyo. Hadda waxa ka shaqeeya waaxda sayniska, shaqaalaha ilaalada, marjac shaybaarka craniological, nolosha ardayga ee orso oo brown, tuulada dayactiray shaqaalaha, guryaha martida dhisay iyo hostel loogu talagalay dalxiisayaasha.

Qaab-dhismeedka

Central Forest Reserve daboolayaa meel ka mid ah 70.500 hektar. Waxay u qaybsan yahay qaybood:

• Warren asaasiga ah;
• xafidi;
• adeegsiga qumman.

In yaruna u ilaaliyo (aagga of 24415 oo hektar) waxqabad kasta oo ku xadgudba ee soo kobcaya, dheelitirka ee dabiiciga ah. Waxaa jira zone nasasho buuxda, waa tuulo laga reebay.

Kaydka zone - xariijin dalkii by yaruna wareega width of 1 km iyo meel tirada guud ee 130 km2. On waxaa jira degsiimooyinka adhidibadeed capercailye kaydka hadda, xuduudaha dabiiciga ah, taxadiri dabiiciga ah.

adeegsiga qumman ee degaanka maadaama ay jiraan meelaha quduuska ah iyo capercailye hadda. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira meelo in la ogol yahay in la ururiyo likaha, cranberries iyo nooca berry kale, hay engegsan, dhengedihii kalluumaysiga si ay u qabsadaan kalluunka.

Features dabiiciga ah

Biosphere Reserve Central State Forest been on bannaankii buur ah, heysatay by noocyada gargaarka glacial. Heerka badda, ay quruxsan waa 220-280 mitir. territory reserve waxaa wakiil ka tiixtiix moraine. Waxa kale oo jira weysada u gudubno, a. Guud ahaan, biyo badan - for kasta oo 1 km2 oo ku saabsan 750 mitir durdurrada iyo wabiyada. Dhulka waa kaliya 3 mitir dusha sare. qaybo badan (6323 hektar) daboolay meelaheeda dhoobada. iyaga ka mid ah, "Verkhovskii ajada", "Staroselsky ajada", "Demikhovsky ajada" iyo ugu weyn "Katin Moss."

Qaab dhismeedka reserve ciidda waa wax caadi ah. Waxaa jira garoonka, podsolic, dhiiqo, Peat, humus, alluvial, glei primers iyo isu-gaynta kala duwan oo dhanba, tus, podsolic caws, Peat gleyey podzolic.

cimilada ee reserve qoyan iyo qabow xagaaga heerkulka celcelis ahaan ku saabsan +16 ° C, xilliga qaboobaha -10 ° C, maalmaha qoraxdu, 45%.

Flora

Central Forest Reserve waa flora ahaan saboolka ah, ay sabab u tahay dhegyadii ee cimilada iyo ciidda. Halkan waxaa ku badan Dhirta Yurub, noocyada kaliya 546 inta badan kordhaya si fiican u ah ee hooska. iyaga ka mid ah, grassy ah - 490 nooc oo ku xoortay geedihii iyo ku xoortay geedihii cilin - 34 nooc oo dhirta - 16 noocyada, dhaqan - 6 noocyada. reserve waxaa sii kordhaya bjørk, Aspen, Elm, ash, geed, gran (waxaa jira meelo gaar ahaan qiimo leh koonfurta gran taiga), Linden, geedkii ku, Alder.

Waxaa ka mid ah dhirta herbaceous waxaa jira wakiilo badan oo ka mid ah Kitaabka Cas, tusaale ahaan, grozdovik, daacadnimo gaarto, dacas marwada ee. Dhigtee, iyo ubaxyo kaydka ah waxaa lagu arki karaa camomile, mallow, Ivan da Marya, haddana dawan, ferns, calla, Veronica, lungwort, avens, iyo biyagaleenka ahuba oo dhowaan iyagii koraan blueberries, cranberries, cloudberries, blackberries.

dubato

Waayo, janno yar noqday Central Forest Reserve. Xayawaanka ka dibna soo bandhigay noocyada 335-th. Naasley kaydka leeyihiin (orso, yeyda, faras duur, Lynx, dawacada, deerada, iska daaqda ugaadha duurjoogta, deerada cawl) waaweyn iyo kuwo yaryar (jiirka, fiidmeerta, afaer, minks, ferrets, adhidibadeed, jiirarka, hedgehogs) - wadar ahaan 56 noocyada. Sidoo kale arag on lafdhabarka u reserve (rahyo, toads, newts), mulacyada, masaska. In webiyo iyo durdurro dhex maraya dhulka reserve laga helay 18 noocyada kalluunka. Laakiin kala duwan ugu weyn ee halkan, dabcan, shimbiraha. 250 noocyada ayaa lagu diiwaan geliyay oo dhan oo iyaga ka mid. Laamihii waxaa hadaaqda warbler, goldfinches, orioles, blackbirds, flytrap, Finch, warbler, robins, liinta dhiigga. gorayada Night tag ugaadhsan iyo gorayada, bidayo maalinta peregrine, lagu arkay ayaa gorgorraduna, ayaa gorgorraduna dahab ah, Galaydhka cas lugood. balliyada u dhow xilliga kulaylaha shinbiraha, woodcocks, snipe, wiishashka, herons. decoration ee reserve waa capercaillie ah, kuwaas oo si gaar ah in laga ilaaliyo ugaaratada.

Cuntada in inta badan ee Shimbiraha waa cayayaan, oo waxaa lagu tiriyaa in reserve 600 noocyada. Ma aha oo dhan ee wakiilladooda waa wacan in ay eegaan oo ay dhib lahayn, laakiin ku saabsan quruxda dhicin, jirin wax muran ah ka mid ah. Waxay yihiin 250 noocyada. Waxaa ugu cajiib ah Admiral, copper-balanbaalis, perlamutrovka, limonnitsa, polygonia.

tamashle dalxiiska

Central Forest Biosphere Reserve RAD iyo kids iyo dadka waaweyn si isku mid ah. Halkan, nooca kuwii ku caashaqi jiray qalabayn doonaa dhowr tamashle. Saddex ka mid ah waa gaaban, dheer oo ku saabsan a kiiloomitir, laakiin xiiso leh. Halkan, safra sugaya Baba Yaga, laakiin ma aha in iyaga la cunaan oo wax la siiyo imtixaan aqoonta dabiiciga ah ee meelahan. Tamashle waa:

1. "Maqan Forest Okovskogo". Saddex boqol oo geed halkan koraa 46 mitir sare, dhigay dhufto ee arkaysid, iyo jidka oo dhan waa laami ah looxyo.
2. "Alifbeetada Forest". raad Tani waa mid xiiso leh si ay u bartaan bixisay fiidda oo Asaxaabtii kaynta, noocyo ka mid ah oo waxaa lagu dhejiyay on taarikada ah.
3. "Staroselsky Moss." raad Tani waxay waddaa iyada oo qoyan, laakiin sidoo kale u bannaysay loox jidka. waxaa On aad u bogi karaa ma aha oo kaliya, shimbirahoowna (la lapwings, sandpipers, wagtails, wiish), laakiin sidoo kale faras duur xataa orso, kuwaas oo mararka qaarkood u Dhawaanina qoyan inay cunaan berry.

Waayo, dadka waaweyn ee reserve loogu talagalay waddooyinka ee ku saabsan 25 km oo dherer ah. Waxay si qoto dheer galeen duurkii horseedi iyo sameeyey dhexdhexaadin ah. Tani "Red Mill", "Barsuchiha" iyo "Siberia". On khadadka u qalabaysan aqal, halkaas oo aad ka nasato kara, wax cun, oo xataa seexan.

Jadwalka iyo qiimaha

Central Reserve Forest ee gobolka Tver ah u furan yahay martida toddobaadka oo dhan ka 10:00 am (Sabti iyo Axad marka laga reebo) si 12:00 pm ee maalinta, raaceen by saacaddii cashada, ka dibna sii si ay ula 13-00 maalmood shaqeeyaan si ay u 16-00 pm. Qiimaha gelitaanka waa:

• da ilaa 10 sano - 50 rubles,
• ilaa 16 sano - 75 rubles,
• dadka waaweyn - 150 rubles.

Taageerada dhererka wadada ee 25 km u qalantaa 1000 rubles 1 maalin.

Booqashada matxafka kharash 250 ilaa 400 oo rubles (ku xiran size group).

Nafaqeeya habeen ee reserve waa suuragal ah in 300 rubles maalintii (in Zaimka iyo in kuleejo ah) iyo 600 rubles guriga martida.

Bedelka magaalada Nelidovo (42 km tuulada Xisbiyada Mucaaradku) hal dhinac waa ka 600 si 3000 rubles, taas oo ku xidhan fasalka unit gaadiidka.