Alifay ee sawir iyo filimada: taariikhda. Taariikhda la alifay ee sawir kooban

Iyo sidoo kale rinjiyeynta, sawir iyo taariikhda filimada bilaabay isagoo aad u doonaya aadanaha fudud in ay qabsadaan daqiiqado noloshooda, si ay u sii waqti dheer iyo gudbiyaan si jiilalka mustaqbalka. Iyada oo awood u leh inay si sax ah u soo saari image ah ee warqadda ama film ah, labadan meelaha Waxaa la soo saaray ee farshaxanka. Sawir, tusaale ahaan, ma isu xaddido in ay hawsha si ay u abuuraan sawir in si fudud gudbiya macluumaad ku saabsan muuqaalka kore ee model ah. Photo ayaa helaya farriinta qaarkood a, fikradda ah in laga keeno habab dabeecadda, niyadda ah ee la joogo. Oo filimka, laga bilaabo animation ee dhowr ilbiriqsi, jihada si dhaqso ah, oo maanta shineemada ay leedahay awood weyn, ilaa dhismaha sheekooyin ku saabsan ilbaxnimooyinka leeska iyo Caalamka sixir. alifay ee sawir iyo shaneemo calaamadeeyay taxane ah oo daahfurtay oo camal cajiib ah tahay in dunida, laakiin, marka lagu daro, sawir iyo video ah waa adag ee nolosha nin casriga ah. Maanta, hannaanka lagu helo iyo ka shaqeynta images, duubista iyo processing video loogu isticmaalo maalin kasta u noqday sidaas u fudud in aan u baahnayn tababar gaar ah oo uusan qaadan muddo dheer. Sidee si ay u bilaabaan taariikh been abuurtay ee sawir? Sidee ayaa industry filimka?

Imaansho oo ka mid ah images horeysay sawiro

Sidee si aad u hesho cad oo go'an on warqad images dunida? Su'aashani waa is weydiiyay maskaxda weyn oo qarniyo soo dhaafay. Success ahaa ah ee wax-u ah obscura camera, kaas oo bixiya matalaad si caddaalad ah sax oo alaab ah ee dunida dibadda, oo waxay bilaabeen inay been abuurtay ee sawir. Taariikhda, da'da ah isku day the first to qabsadaan ninka loo sameeyo bandhigay deg dega ah ee sawirka, ilaa waagaas ilaa xad aan la garanayn, laakiin ugu horeysay oo seefqaad ah in ay waxyaalaha soo bandhigay iftiinka aan caadi ahayn dareenka noqon Leonardo da Vinci. Waxbaa ka dib, Giovanni la iskula dhexmaro si ay u dhisaan model ah kamaradaha pinhole, taas oo la isticmaalay si ay u gudbiyaan qaababka circuit gal shiraac ah by gacanta. Sida noocooda ah ee camera casriga ah, camera, hoogtay, ma siin fursadaha sida, kuwaas oo markii dambe lagu soo bandhigay in camera Dadka. daqiiqad marka riyadii helo images la isticmaalayo farshaxanka soo dhawaaday markii tirada daahfurtay in la sameeyey, iyo dareenka la xidhiidha guryaha gaarka ah ee xubno ka kiimikada oo u oggolaan si ay u fuliyaan iyo hagaajin image ah.

Sawirka ugu horeysay ee taariikhda

Year sawiro been abuurtay - 1839, markii hindisa Faransiis ah lui Zhak Mande Dagher daabacay shuqullada natiijada xoojinta image helay obscura camera ah, warqad. In isku midka ah, oo ay la socdaan la, furitaanka iyo helitaanka images horeysay hawshooday Genri Foks Talbot iyo Zhozef Nisefor Neps. Waxaa Niepce in 1826 uu helo milicsiga ugu horeysay go'an oo noocooda ah ee image ah. wada iskaashi iyo qandaraas u saxiixayaa, Daguerre iyo Niepce bilaabaan shaqo ku helo sawirrada. Natiijada waxa ay aheyd daguerreotypes - helitaanka image ku filan cad on taarikada biraha la lakabka ah ee iodide lacag isticmaalaya mercury vapor. Tan iyo markaas, waxaa soo qaaday halka a ilaa daguerreotypes waxaad fartaan Wannaagga jihada of rikoor ah. alifay ayaa wajahay dhowr ah oo dhibaatooyin: waa dhaqaale, iyo faham la'aan dadka kale, waxa ay noqon doontaa run ahaantii been abuurtay waxtar leh photos. Sida mustaqbalka ahaa horumarinta sawir?

geedi socodka horumarka

Ujeedadu waxay ka leexdo iyo taariikhda sawir waa in la tixgeliyaa diidmo abuurashadoodii. Tani waxa ay kor u furay fursado cusub: Haddaba iyadoo la kaashanayo negative ah sawir kordhin karaa images iyo nuqul iyaga, oo markaa ahaa oo macno ahaan waxaa jiray a photos been abuurtay casriga ah. Taariikhda dhacdadan cajiib ah - in 1841 - waa in la helo hindisa Ingiriiska William Henry Fox Talbot patent for calotypy hab - helitaanka warqad diidmo ah, waxaana ku xiga hadal of image wanaagsan ku hloroserebryanoy warqad. Dhowr daahfurtay xigta: habka collodion qoyan ee hagaajinta developability ee emulsion ah, shaqada on qalabka sawiro iyo war abuurashadoodii waa in film 1887 godu - geeddi-socodka ah ee horumarinta degdeg ah iyo fududeeyo abuurka ah ee sawirka. dhammaadkii qarnigii 19aad ayaa Dadka suuragalnimada in hab yara sahlan oo dhakhso ah si aad u hesho fotografichesih images, iyo, shaki ku jirin, la alifay ee sawir laftiisa ahaa tub taariikhda fanka ah.

Ku dar dhalaalka!

Sawirka ugu horeysay oo sawir laga qaaday in midabka, waxaa laga heli by yahay saddex qaybood. Waxaan bilaabay in ay soo saaraan tijaabinayaan images midabka Dzheyms Klark Maxwell, iyo natiijooyinka ay shaqada on toogashada isticmaalaya filtarrada midabka ah midabo casaan, buluug iyo cagaar dhuftay bulshada. shaqada wuxuu ku salaysan yahay daahfurka, ayaa sheegay in isku darka oo ka mid ah saddex midabada siin karaan cado kasta oo la doonayo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka hor inta la alifay ee sawir midab waxa ay ahayd meel fog, habka weli aad u waqti lumis. In sawir qarnigii 20aad hore meel walba loo isticmaalo farsamo ku colorize images madow iyo caddaan, laakiin run ahaantii been abuurtay ee sawir midab waxa uu noqday mid dhab ah oo la been abuurtay ee film midabka ee 1935. Hal sano ka dib, on film midabka sale 35 mm, iyo waxa la yimid kaca ee sawir midab, intee ka badan baa la awoodi karo ee macaamilka caadiga ah.

From the "filimka" in "godad"

Waxa ay u muuqataa in waxa taagan weli ku riyoonayaa? alifay ee sawir - mid ka mid ah daahfurtay ugu weyn ee taariikhda. Laakiinse ninkii doonayay in uu sii fududeeyo markii la helo, iyo sawiro daabacaadda. Qayb ka mid ah noocooda koowaad ee guusha iyo hesho sawir deg dega ah - abuurashadoodii camera this "Polaroid", kaas oo isla goobtii qora photos on warqad. Laakiin habka of leh kamaradaha, kuwaas oo ka shaqeeya waxaa adag by baahida loo qabo in si ay u bartaan majaladaha gaar ah, waayo, sawirada, iyo sidoo kale tiro kooban oo darbo. Laakiin ugu dhakhsaha badan, saynisyahano halkan ku dhawaaqay oo ku saabsan guusha, oo waxaa jiray "digital" war abuurashadoodii ka cusub ee sawir. Date - 1975 - in marka camera ugu horeysay waxaa la soo saaray, kaas oo awooday in la sawiro oo u qoraan image ku cajalad magnetic. xalka ugu horeysay ee sawirka waa 100 oo kaliya 100 pixels, iyo cajalad magnetic isagoo miisaan ka badan saddex kiilo! Midkii kowaad wuxuu u horumarinta camera ah ee isafgaradka by Sony loo yaqaan "Mavika", ka dibna soo gaadhay ee discoverer iyo horumarinta kale. Shirkadaha tartanka si ay u helaan sare xallinta, helitaanka suurtagalnimada in ay ku qoraan sawiro in file gaar ah iyada oo suurtagal ah ee ilaalinta dheeraad ah. kaca A dhabta ah, iyo isticmaalka baahsan ee kamaradaha midabka digital bilaabay qarnigii 20aad goor dambe oo qarnigii 21-kii hore.

Art of sawir

alifay ee sawir dad hal abuur leh siiyey fursad cusub oo is-qowlka. Like Ranjiilayaasha ah, sawir tijaabinayaan Halabuurka iyo aragti, midabka iyo iftiinka, isku dayaya in ay "qabsado" shot ugu fiican, iyo mararka qaar jeedin photo galay sawirka dhabta ah. Enni Leybovits, Helen Levitt, Stiv Makkari, Erich Salomon - liiska magacyada sawir caan noqon kartaa mid aad u dheer, iyo mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah ayaa noqday caan ah gaar ahaan, sawirada nooca ugu dhow. Si aad u taariikhda, qof kasta oo aduunka ugu yaraan hal mar inuu gacantiisa isku dayi kartaa sida sawir qaade. Art u baahan yahay wax badan oo furitaankii iyo fikrad gaar ah in qoraaga uu doonayo in uu u gudbiyo in ay dhagaystayaasha. waa ay adag tahay si ay u bilaabaan naftaada filim?

Talooyin bilowga ah inay sayidyadooda

• In la abuuro sawir xiiso aad u baahan tahay in ay diiradda saaraan halabuurka, dhar ku yiilleen. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, waxaad baran kartaa sharciyada Halabuurka quseeya rinjiyeynta, ama tijaabinayaan, soo saarida muuqaalada kala gaar ah ay rasaas.
• Ma loo baahan yahay in eryan technology iyo doonaysaan inaad iibsato camera ugu qaalisan oo casri ah. Doorashada si mug leh for bilow ah u noqon lahaa qalab ku haboon, taas oo kuu ogolaanaya in aad si aad u hesho aqoonta aasaasiga ah ee sawir, waxaad sidoo kale tijaabiyaan karaa alaabta, sida waxyaabaha ay ka saareen isticmaalaya camera filim.
• salka, taas oo noqon waa in si xor ah u shaqeeyaan wax kasta oo sawir qaade - aqoon ah oo ka mid qoto dheer oo duurka, iftiinka daarmayaay'e, halabuurka, shaqo la diaphragm ka. Later, waxaad bilaabi kartaa in la abuuro iyadoo la kaashanayo iftiinka iyo hooska, in aad ku darto si uu shuqulka oo ka mid ah filtarrada kala duwan, iyo sidoo kale in ay bartaan sida loo daabaco xamili images ee barnaamijyada kala duwan.

Filimku wuxuu ugu horeysay

alifay ee sawir kooban kor ku xusan maqaalka, oo wixii ay ku odhan saabsan taariikhda horumarka ee shineemo? The alifay ee qarnigii 19aad tijaabiyay nidaamka ah in la abuuro lahaa galo dhaceen, iyo kuwa marka hore ku guulaysteen in this, noqon walaalaha Lumiere. Muujinaya qaab video gaaban ugu horeysay ee 35 mm cinwaan looga dhigay "Imaanshaha ee Tareenku", "Exit ka warshadda," ayuu Horseedka of shineemo helay aqoonsado loona saxiixo dadweynaha iyo fursad dheeraad ah si ay u horumariyaan deegaanka this farshaxanka.

horumarinta shaneemo

Ujeedadu waxay ka leexdo iyo taariikhda filimada ahaa la sii daayo filimka "The Jazz Singer" ee 1927, marka filim la sameeyey oo ku dhawaaqday. horumarinta dheeraad ah - waxaa lagu toogtay film midabka "baxeen la Dabaysha" ee 1939, iyo kala guurka ah si buuxda u filim midabka dhacay sida ugu 60meeyadii qarnigii 20aad. Baaxaa A ilaa xad ku cusub fanka ayaa hore u siiyey filimada weyn ugu muujiya kala duwan. Xaqiiqada ah in qarnigii la soo dhaafay u muuqatay arrin aan macquul ahayn iyo dhalanteed, maanta waxaa soo bixitaankii iyadoo la isticmaalayo tabaha iyo naqshadeynta computer. koox weyn ee xirfadlayaasha ku lug abuurka filimada in la abuuro wax soo saarka ugu dambeeya. The filimada ugu fiican ee waqtiga oo dhan unbaa aqoonsaday "Nosferatu" (1922, u dir. F. Murnau), "Todoba Sumarai" (1954, A. Kurosawa dir.), "Fiction saxarka" (1994, u dir. K. Tarantino), "hadda apocalypse" (2003, F. dir. F. Koppola) iyo filimada kale oo badan.

rajada horumarka

Waxaa xusid mudan in haatan industry film ay raadinayso xal cusub oo loogu talagalay soo bandhigidda fikradaha iyo mawduucyada, horumarinta xal farshaxanka iyo hababka of processing computer. dhibaatada muhiim ah oo filimada casriga ah waa dhibaatada of copyright iyo burcad-badeednimada, qaybinta free of alaabta la dhammeeyayna ay Internet-ka. Maxaa la yaabay shineemada in mustaqbalka iyo waxa kabaal lagu hindisay doonaa si loo xakameeyo soo saarka ee fanka? mar keliya ayaa ka jawaabi doona su'aalahan.