Maxaa sababay baahida loo qabo in nidaamka mandative dibuhabaynta? The darrada ugu weyn ee ay gacanta ku karaaniga

foomka qoraallada Dowladda - arrin u gaar ah taariikhda qarannimada Ruush. Nidaamkan ayaa waxaad fartaan in ka badan laba qarniyo oo waxay lahaayeen door muhiim ah xoojinta qarannimada Ruush. Maxaa sababay baahida loo qabo in dib u habaynta nidaamka mandative sababta ay ayaa laga badiyay ay muhiimadda - hoos ka akhriso.

Xaaladan amarada

Waxbarashada nidaamka maamulka mandative waa dhamaadkii qarnigii 15aad. Xiriirin La'aan u dhexeeya madaxda maxalliga ah laga heli karin gacanta ku ah gobolka joogta ah in ka badan gobollada badan oo durugsan. hay'adaha Kuwa kuwaas oo horey ayaa loo sameeyay wakhtigaas, ma ay lahayn cad-cut waajibaadka. Inta u dhaxaysa xiriirka filiqsanaa oo si kaladuwan u dhaxeeya dhulal kala duwan oo xer xeran muddo gaaban waxaa jiray "amar", haddii kale loo yaqaan "maxkamadaha" ama "buulasha". hawlaha ay ku egtahay fulinta amar xoogga wayn. Princes badanaa aaminay si gaar ah - "si" - boyars uu hirgalinta iyo ku socdo. Tibaaxda "in ay si" in kuwa maalmood loogu tala galay in ay mas'uul ka ah barashada si toos ah amiirka iyo in lala socdo hirgelintiisa.

Waajibaadka amarada

Xaqiiqada ah in hawlaha ka amar hore waxay ahaayeen kuwo aad isku darsamay, sida ay arrimahan soo socda:

- amarada Spontaneous kala duwan ee muddada gaaban ee ay tallaabo;

- dukumentiyada soo socda hagaajiyaa dad gaar ah oo aan mid hay'ad walba;

- Habka of amarada dil ku salaysan waxa loogu yeero "sharci caadiga ah", sidaas darted ma jirin aasaas sharci-dejinta caadi ah loogu baahan yahay fulinta cad oo aan shaki amarrada, si - ool ah hoos u ah maamulka.

Tani waa sababta ugu weyn ee waxa uu sababay baahida loo qabo in dib u habeeyn mandative nidaamka.

The amar ugu horeysay

Hay'adaha ugu horeysay la waajibaadka guud ee ka badan ama ka yar si cad u qeexay kacay bartamihii qarnigii 16-ka. nidaamka maamulka amar qoraal in Russia dhamaadka qarnigii XV-XVII ah. Waxaa loo kala saari karaa by salaysan dhul-functional ama guryaha.

dirka amarada

category ugu horeeyay ee loo saarin karaa amar, wuxuu ahaa mas'uul ka ah madaxtooyada iyo arrimaha maaliyadda. Tan waxaa ugu horayn si Palace ah, kuwaas oo ka mas'uul ah dayactirka dhaqaalaha ee Prince ahaa, wuxuu meesha ka saaray dhulka iyo dadka ay mas'uul ka ahaayeen hab-nololeedka ah oo ka mid ah Prince ee Palace. Order Hantidhowrka Great ahaa mas'uul ka ah ururinta cashuuraha tooska ah iyo qadaadiicda qabtay, Huntsman amartay mas'uul ka ah kaydka iyo sababo ugaarsiga of Prince iyo kuwa kale.

Qeybta labaad waa mas'uul ka ah maamulka military iyo si loo hubiyo in wefdigii amiirka. Fletcher abuuray amar, oo hubkiisa, Pushkarsky oo shisheeye oo kale.

category saddexaad ee amarrada ku takhasusay hawlaha advantageously waayo, garsoorka. Order Local waxaa ku hawlan dacwadaha hantida, qaadunka, anshaxa xun (oo goor danbe - Baare ah) ahaa mas'uul ka ah xabsiyada iyo arrimaha booliska dambiyada, iyo Zemsky amar booliiska iyo kormeerka garsoorka in ka badan dadka ku nool Moscow.

Kooxdu waxay afaraad - maamulka degmada. Tirada amarada gobolka iyo dhul koray oo ay la socdaan tirada ku lifaaqan ee dhulalka Ruush. Sidaas, waxaa jira amar quaternary - Ryazan, Vladimir, Dmitrov, iyo mar dambe - Siberian, Little Ruush, iyo kuwa kale.

qaybta shanaad isku daraa gaarka ah gacanta ku. Tusaale ahaan, waxaa jiray amar Stone, kuwaas oo mas'uul ka ahaa dhismaha dhismayaasha dhagaxa ah, Yamskaya, mas'uul ka ah boostada. Tan waxaa jiray amar waqti typographic, cadarsameeyaha, Safiirada iyo kuwa kale.

Kooxdu waxay lixaad amarada ahaa mas'uul ka ah arrimaha kiniisadda. Tani waxay ka mid noqon kara si monastic ah, maxkamadda uuga iyo kuwa kale.

Xiriirka ka dhexeeya Amarada kala duwan la sameeyey lama filaan ah, qoondaynta cad oo xilalka aan la shaqeeyo. Qaar ka mid ah amar aan sii wadi kari tilmaamaha dadka kale. Si ay ula qabsadaan xiriirka ka mid ah ayaa la sameeyey by amar isku, taas oo loo qaybin karo dhowr amar waaweyn iyo in abaalmarinta. Sayidka, ee si Safiiro in ay 70s ee qarnigii 17aad wuxuu bilaabay inuu guddoomiyo badan Little Ruushka iyo Novgorod. Joojinta awoodaha amar ma ahaa final - in waqtiba waqtiga uu la dhalatey karin sida hay'ad madaxbanaan oo leh go'an oo gaar ah ee hawlaha.

maalgelinta amarada

nidaamka maamulka amar qoraal maalgeliya inta badan qasay.Shacabka. Waayo, maalgelinta ganacsiga ee hadda jira waxaa laga soo qaatay meel gaar ah, kaas oo laga soo ururiyey canshuuraha kiisas shaqsi ah la wareejiyay karaan lacag ka amar kale, ama in la abuuro canshuuraha gaar ah. Regulation ah bixinta lacagaha lagu qaaday amarada sida amray in khasnadda, si ururinta imtixaan lacagta iyo wixii la mid ah. jawaab kale oo su'aasha ah waxa sababay baahida loo qabo in nidaamka mandative dibuhabaynta noqdo bixinta lacagaha wareer aad u badan iyo iswaafaqla'aan ka mid ah amarada kala duwan.

dib u habaynta Butros

Waqti ka, nidaamka maamulka amar qoraal ee Russia bilaabay inuu u shaqeeyo "isaga hoos", dalbanayaan khayraadka iyo aad u badan, oo dhan leh saamayn yar. The dib u habaynta ee Peter looxyada amar dhacsan in muujiyaan muuqaalada kala, cad u kala soocnaadaan-dejinta, fulinta iyo awooda cadaalada ayaan bedelay. All in uu sababay baahida loo qabo in nidaamka mandative dibuhabaynta waa in ay galay soo dhaafay, oo ay la socdaan hordhaca ah ee noocyada cusub ee maamulka, kuwaas oo si Russia la yimid soo socda si ay awood ah boqorka-reformer.