Duulaankii Batu rus (kooban). Cawaaqibka duulaankii ee Batu in Russia

Duulaankii ee Batu rus (Century XIII) - duulaanka ciidamada ee Empire Mongol ee territory boqortooyooyinka qadiimiga ah. Dhacdadani waxa ka tagay calaamad u qoto dheer ee taariikhda our hooyo. Next, ka fiirsada duulaankii ee Batu rus (kooban).

prehistory

Waxaan muddo dheer ku noolaa ka hor inta sayidyada dhulgoosadka Mongol ku Batu waxaad fartaan Wannaagga qorshayaasha furasho oo ka mid ah dhulalka yurubta bari. In 1220-mada. Waxaa la fuliyay in hab qaar ka mid ah diyaarinta qabsashadii mustaqbalka. qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah ahayd tug soddon kun oo ciidan Jebe iyo Subedeya dhulka ee South Caucasus iyo Koonfurta Bari ee Europe ee 1222-24 xisaabeedka. Ujeedada waxay ahayd sirdoonka kaliya, ururinta macluumaadka. In 1.223 waxaa ka dhacay inta lagu guda jiro xilli, ee Battle of Kalka ah. dagaalka ayaa ku dhamaaday guul Mongols ah. Sidaas darteed xilli ay ugu guulaysannaa mustaqbalka uu bartay ee dagaalka mustaqbalka, waxaan bartay qalcad ah iyo ciidamada ay heleen xog ku saabsan meesha uu madaxda of rus. From deel Polovtsian ee ciidanka Jebe Subedeya oo u tegey Bulgaria Volga ah. Laakiin Mongols ee halkaas laga adkaaday oo ku soo laabtay Central Asia iyada oo deel of Kazakhstan casriga ah. Bilowgii duulaankii ee Batu in Russia ahayd arrin lama filaan ah.

baabba 'The aagga Ryazan ah

Duulaankii ee Batu on Russia, ee gaaban, waxaa loogu talagalay enslavement dadka, ka qabashada iyo darsanka ee dhulal cusub. Mongols muuqday on soohdimaha koonfureed ee kibir Ryazan la baahan yahay in ay bixiso canshuurtiisii ka go'dayna waxay iyaga. Prince Yuri weydiiyay caawimaad George Mihaila Chernigovskogo iyo Vladimir. Heerka safaaradda Batu Ryazan Waxaa la wada baabbi'iyey. Grand Duke The hogaaminayo oo ciidankiisa, iyo armaajo Murom on dagaalka soohdinta, laakiinse dagaalkii si lumay. Si aad u caawiso Ryazan Yuri Vsevolodovich diray ciidamada Midowga. Waxaa jiray gadhi wiilkiisa Vsevolod, dadka Yeremyaah qaadiyaasha Glebovich, ciidamada Novgorod. Ciidankan wuxuu ku biiray ciidamada ka Ryazan gurteen. magaalada ka dib go'doomintii lix-maalin dhacday. regiments soo diray in ay la dagaallanto duulay dhow Kolomna, laakiin looga adkaaday.

Natiijooyinka dagaallada ugu horeysay

Bilowgii duulaankii ee Batu rus ay astaan u baabba 'oo keliya ma aha ee Ryazan, laakiin baabbi'inta ee madax oo dhan. Mongols The qabtay Pronsk, qabsadeen Prince Oleg waxaan of Ryazan. Duulaankii ee Batu in Russia (taariikhda dagaalka ugu horeeyay ee kor ku xusan) Ulasocto burburinta magaalooyinka iyo tuulooyinka oo badan. Sayidka, Mongols ka baabbi'iyeen Belgorod Ryazan. magaaladan aan la danbe dib loo soo celiyo. cilmi Tula u aqoonsadaan la dejinta ee band webiga, oo u dhow tuulada Beloroditsa (16 km ka Venev casriga ah). Waxaa la duminayaa in dhulka iyo Voronezh Ryazan. Arkaynin Guryohoodii mooyee magaalada waa la cidleeyey dhowr qarniyo. Kaliya ee 1586 on goobta of xal la dhisay qalcado. Mongols Halaagnay iyo cadaalad ah si fiican u yaqaan magaalada Dedoslavl. culimada qaar waxa ay u aqoonsadaan la dejinta dhow tuulada Dedilovo, on Dhiniciisa Midig, webiga. Shat.

weerar lagu qaaday Vladimir iyo Suzdal

Ka dib guuldaradii of Ryazan duulaanka dalka ee Batu si Russia waxaa la joojiyay dhowr ah. Marka Mongols ku weerareen dalka Vladimir-Suzdal, si kediso ah ayay qabteen armaajo Evpatii Kolovrat - boyar Ryazan. Iyadoo xulka yaabkaan ahaa awoodaan in ay ku garaacday duulay ee, hayso khasaare culus. January 20, 1238, ka dib markii la hareereeyo shan maalmood ah, u dhacay Moscow. Difaaca Magaalada ku Sugnaa Vladimir (ina yaraa ee George) iyo kalkaalisada Philip. At madaxa soddon xulka burburtay kooxda Moscow, sida laga soo xigtay ilo, wuxuu ahaa Shiban. Yuri Vsevolodovich, xagga woqooyi u dhaqaaqo River fadhiista ah, waxay bilaabeen inay ururiyaan xulka cusub, halka sugayaan gurmad ka Svyatoslav iyo Yaroslav (walaalihiis). Horraantii February 1238-th Pal Vladimir ka dib go'doomintii siddeed maalmood ah. Waxaa dilay qoyska of Prince George. In la mid ah February ah, Vladimir marka laga reebo magaalooyinka sida Suzdal, Yuryev-Polsky, Pereslavl-Zaleski, Starodub-on-Klyazma, Rostov, Galich-Mersky, Kostroma, Gorodets, Tver, Dmitrov, Ksnyatin, Kashin, Uglich, Yaroslavl dhacay . Waxay la qabtay iyo agagaarkeedii Novgorod gudbiyayaasha Lamsky iyo Vologda.

Xaaladda gobolka Volga ah

Duulaankii ee Batu in Russia ahaa mid aad u hami. Waxa intaa dheer in aasaasiga ah, Mongols waxay ahaayeen ciidan yar. Iyada oo taageero ka qabashada ugu dambeeyay la sameeyay ee gobolka Volga ah. Ciidamada Secondary by Burundai keentay muddo seddex isbuuc ah daboolay labo jeer masaafada u badan ciidamada ugu weyn Mongoliyaan intii lagu jiray go'doominta of Torzhok iyo Tver, oo ka yimid Uglich in River City. armaajo Vladimirskie aadan waqti si ay isugu diyaariyaan dagaal, ayaa hareereeyey iyo ku dhowaad oo gebi ahaanba la wada baabbi'iyey. Qayb ka mid ah ilaalada la qabtay. Laakiin waqti isku mid ah iyo Mongols ka soo gaaray khasaare halis ah. Xarunta hanti Jaroslav si toos ah jiifay ee Jidka Mongols ku dalacsiiyay Novgorod ka Vladimir. Pereslavl-Zaleski la qaatay muddo shan maalmood ah. Waxa uu ku dhintay inta lagu guda jiro qabashada Tver, mid ka mid ah wiilashii Prince Yaroslav (magiciisa aan la sii raagayaan). taariikhda ma ku jiraan macluumaad ku saabsan ka qayb galka ah ee Battle of the City of Novgorod. Waxba lagama sheegi ku saabsan wax kasta oo falalka Yaroslav. Qaar ka mid ah cilmi inta badan xoogga saaraan in gargaarka gurmadka Torzhok Novgorod uguma soo dirin.

Natiijada qabashada oo ka mid ah dalalkan Volga

Taariikhyahan Tatishchev, tilmaamayaa in natiijada dagaalka, seefqaad ah fiiro gaar ah u xaqiiqda ah in khasaaraha ee cutub oo dhowr Mongols jeer ahayd ka weyn yahay kii Ruush. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tataarka ku sameeyey iyaga aawadood, waayo kharash ku ah maxaabiista. Waxay ahaayeen wakhtigaas uu ahaa in ka badan isu soo duulay ee. Sidaas daraaddeed, tusaale ahaan, iiriyo ee Vladimir bilaabay kaliya ka dib markii kooxda ka Mongols ku soo laabtay maxaabiista Suzdal.

difaaca Kozelsk

Duulaankii ee Batu in Russia tan iyo bilowgii March 1238 ugu horeysay lagu qabtay qorshe qeexan. Ka dib markii qaadashada Torzhok harta askartii Burundi, ilaa uusan ku biirin la ciidamada ugu muhiimsan, si lama filaan ah galay steppe noqotay. Duulay Novgorod gaarin dhowaad 100 miles. ilo kala duwan yihiin qoraalkii kala duwan ee Warega this. Qaar ka mid ah ayaa sheegay in sababta ay ahayd dhalaalid guga, in dadka kale - hanjabaad gaajo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, duulaankii oo ka mid ah ciidamada of Batu u tageen inay Russia, laakiin dhinaca kale.

Haddaba Mongols kala qaybsameen laba kooxood. askartii ugu weyn ee soo maray bari ee Smolensk (30 km magaalada ka), oo wuxuu ka dhigay stop ah dalalka Dolgomostya. ay jirto caddayn in mid ka mid ah suugaanta in Mongols ah looga adkaaday oo carareen. Ka dib markii in, xisbiga ugu weyn dhaqaaqay koonfureed. Halkan duulaankii ee Russia ay astaan u duulaankii ee Batu Khan ee xadka dalka Chernigov, gubanaya Vshchizh, oo ku yaalla dhaw gobollada dhexe ee madax ah. Sida laga soo xigtay warbixin ka soo hal il, oo xidhiidh la leh dhacdooyinka lagu dilay 4 ina Vladimira Svyatoslavovicha. Markaas, ciidamada ugu weyn ee Mongols u hadley in waqooyi u soo jeestay. Garaacday Karachev iyo Bryansk, tataarka qabtay Kozelsk. Eastern Group, ayaa dhanka kale, meel qaaday guga ee 1238-th dhow Ryazan. Ciidamada uu hogaaminayo ahaayeen Buri iyo Kadan. In Kozelsk wakhtigaas waxaa boqor ka Basil - awow 12-sano jir ah oo Mstislav Sviatoslavovych. dagaalka ee magaalada socday muddo toddoba toddobaad. By May 1238 labada kooxood ayaa mideeysan Kozelsk Mongols oo qabsaday saddex maalmood ka dib, in kastoo la khasaare culus.

horumar dheeraad ah

Duulaankii of Russia Batu Khan bartamihii qarnigii 13-bilaabeen in ay qaataan goosgoos ah. Mongols The soo galeen oo kaliya dalalka xuduudda, inta lagu guda jiro xakamaynta of ifbixii ee steppe Kipchak iyo gobolka Volga ah. In qorna ah, in dhamaadka sheekada ku saabsan xilli dhulalka waqooyi-bari, waxaa loola jeedaa in ay is dajiyaan in la socday duulaankii ee Batu rus ( "Year of Peace" - la 1238 by 1239-th). Ka dib markii uu October 18, 1239 th u hareeraysnayd tan iyo qaatay Chernihiv. Ka dib markii dayrta ee magaalada Mongols bilaabeen inay ka dhici iyo daayo aagga weheliyaan Desna iyo Sejm. Halakeeyey iyo Halaagay Rylsk, Vyr, Glukhov, Putivl, Gomiy.

Socodka dheer ee dhulka ee Dnieper

Si aad u caawiso ciidanka Mongoliyaan lug-Trans Caucasus, waxaa naloo soo diray inaan jidhka madax Bukdaem. Tani waxay dhacday 1240. Ugu ku saabsan isla muddadaas, go'aansado inuu ka soo diri Batu Munch The guriga duufaan iyo Guyuk,. Ciidamada haray urursaday, isagoo intaa ku daray in ay kharash ku ah povolzhtsev maxaabiis labaad iyo Polovtsian. jihada xigta noqday dalka reer Dhiniciisa Midig, Dnieper ah. Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid (Kyiv, Volyn, Galician iyo, ha ahaataba, Turov-Pinsk kibir) ee 1240 waxay ahayd in la isku keeno hoos awoodda Daniel iyo cornflowers - wiilal Roman Mstislavovich (taliyihii Volyn). First, naftooda ma ka fiirsaneysa in ay iska caabin Mongols u soo baxeen inay ka hor of duulaankii ee Hungary awoodaan. Ajnabiga ujeedada Daniel ahaa boqorkii dalka gargaarka Belac VI weydiiso in reebidda weeraradii ee tataarka ah.

Cawaaqibka duulaankii ee Batu in Russia

Sidaas darteed ka mid ah jabsata qalaad ee Mongols dilay tiro badan oo ka mid ah dadka gobolka. Waxaa la wada baabbi'iyey badan oo ka mid ah magaalooyinka waaweyn iyo kuwo yaryar iyo tuulooyin. Si weyn u saameeyeen Chernihiv, Tver, Ryazan, Suzdal, Vladimir, Kiev. Reebban ahaayeen Pskov, Veliky Novgorod, magaalada madaxda Turov-Pinsk, Polotsk iyo Suzdal. Sidaas darteed of duulaankii ee dhaqanka degsiimooyinka weyn dhaawac la hagaajin. Wixii dhowr sano ee magaalooyinka ku dhowaad oo gebi ahaanba dhismaha dhagaxna dhagax la hakiyey. Intaa waxaa dheer, farsamo adag sida la waayay sidii muraayad qaadashada dahabka, wax soo saarka hadhuudhka, mobile, cloisonne, waraabka dhoobada polychrome. Russia si weyn u dambaysaa in ay horumarinta. Waxaa la tagay dhowr qarni ka hor. Oo intii warshadaha ee Western Guild koray marxalad ka mid ah raasamaal heer hoose ah, farsamada Ruush ah ayaa soo qabtay mid ka mid ah qaybta taariikhiga ah ee Jidka in la sameeyo ka hor duulaankii ee Batu.

On dhulka koonfureed ee dadka degeen waayay ku dhawaad gebi ahaanba. dadka deegaanka badbaaday tegey kaynta ku yaal waqooyi-bari, gelida dhexeeya Oka iyo Volga, North. In goobahaas, waxa uu ahaa jawi qabow iyo carradu bacrin ah sida gobollada koonfurta, Halaagnay iyo xunyihiin Mongols ah. dariiqyada ganacsi ayaa gacanta ku tataarka ah. Taas darteed, waxaa jiray xiriirka ka dhexeeya Russia iyo dalalka kale ee dibada lahayn. horumarinta dhaqaalaha Socio-of Fatherland ee muddada taariikhiga ah waa heer aad u hooseeya.

Sida ay taariikhyahanadu military

Cilmi la soco in habka of formation iyo midaynta cutubyo dhaxaysey iyo regiments of fardooley culus, oo ku takhasusay baangado dharbaaxo toos ah, ka qarxay dalka Ruushka isla markiiba ka dib duulaankii ee Batu. Muddadan, waxaa jiray midoobidda ka mid ah hawlaha ee wajiga of hal sayidkaygiiyow dagaalyahan ah. Wuxuu ayaa lagu qasbay in ay toogtaan qaanso iyo waqti isku mid ah in seef iyo waran dagaalamaan. Laga soo bilaabo tan waxaannu ku tirinnaa karaa in xitaa kaliya aqoonyahanada ah, dhulgoosadka ah ee ciidamada Ruushka ee dhinaca horumarinta ayaa ka baxay laba qarni ka hor. Qorna aadan ku jira macluumaad ku saabsan jiritaanka unugyada lugta gaar ah. Tani waa la fahmi karo. Waayo, formation ayaa loo baahan yahay dadka doonaya in ay ka-soo-saarka ay ka go'do oo ay dhiig marnaba lacag ku iibin. Oo xaaladda dhaqaale taas oo ay jirto ahaa rus naemnichestvo u qaali u ahayd.