Aragti Evolutionary Darwin

Fikradda evolutionary of Charles Darwin waxaa loo arkaa shaqada ugu muhiimsan ee biology ka badan ee la soo dhaafay in ka badan boqol sano. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, khilaaf ku saabsan shaqo this qaadeen tan iyo taariikhda ay daabacaadan.

Aragti evolutionary Darwin ee horumariyo sarkhaansan baahsan ee England, fikrado, ka tarjumaysa xaaladaha dhaqan-dhaqaale ee wakhtiga - xoriyada tartan iyo universal halganka for jiritaanka bulshada. Waqtigaas, ay tixgeliyo sharciga caalamiga ah ee dabiiciga ah.

Aragti evolutionary Darwin ayaa la sameeyay iyadoo la raacayo natiijada u gaar ah, in cilmiga ayaa intii ay safarka ku saabsan guddiga "Beagle". Ka dib markii barashada cilmi dhul ah oo dalka South American, uu ku noqday ee aaminsan in arrimaha dabiiciga ah waxaa ka mid ah muhiimadda ugu weyn ee taariikhda dusha dhulka ee, oo asal ahaan ka mid ah dhirta iyo xayawaanka in ay degi caalamka.

Paleontological ka Helayn suurto gal ah si loo ogaado la mid ah u dhexeeya xayawaanka degganaa dhulka wakhtigaas ee South America, iyo noocyada bakhtiyeen. Darwin helaa qaar ka mid ah "noocyada KMG ah", isku sifooyinka of unug dhawr.

muhiimadda badan waxaa ku lifaaqan, iyo qaybinta juquraafi ahaaneed ee noolaha. Sayidka, Darwin helay in dubato of South America ka kooban yahay foomamka oo maqan ee dubato of North America. Laakiin saynisyahan a la fikirka ah in Caalamka xayawaanka la mid ah labada dhulal hor jiraye. dubato ningax, sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, ka dib dhacay oo xidhiidh la leh dhalashada ee banka dhulka koonfureed ee Mexico.

Oo xiiso gaar ah ahaayeen macluumaadka ay ururiyeen Darwin on Islands Galapagos ah, been 950 kiiloomitir u jirta xeebaha galbeed South American ee Badweynta Pacific. jasiiradaha Kuwanu waa ka soo jeedo Kobenhagen, iyo geologically yihiin aagga dhallinyarada. Inta lagu guda jiro daraasadda cilmiga ku xusay la mid ah qaar ka mid ah dubato ay la dubato of South America. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa kaloo jiray kala duwan.

Sayidka, by horrantii qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad oo ku saleysan mid ah waxyaabaha la soo ururiyay dhab ah la diyaariyey qaar ka mid ah gunaanad iyo guud, kaas oo ku salaysan Darwin ee aragtida ah ee horumar. qodobada tirayn ee noocyada iyo midnimada marka la eego qaab dhismeedka of noolaha ayaa rijeynaya in kooxaha dabiici ah in la xoojiyo ka mid yihiin iyo foomamka la beddelo, horumarka taariikhiga ah ee dusha dhulka ee, iyo sidoo kale isku mid ah oo uurjiifka tirsan nidaamsan kooxaha fog xoolaha.

Fikradda evolutionary ee Darwin ayaa noqotay qaadyo ugu weyn ee sayniska dabiiciga ah ee qarnigii XIX ah. cilmiga waxa loo sameeyay dabcan guud ee horumarka oo fikirka ah sayniska iyo xaaladaha dhaqan-dhaqaale.

Waa in la ogaadaa in ka hor dhalashada of Darwinism, saynisyahano badan ayaa muujiyay fikrado la mid ah ayaa muujiyay dhexdeeda. Laakiin inkastoo horumarinta joogto ah ee sayniska dabiiciga ah iyo raasamaal ah xaqiiqooyinka, lid ku ah waxbarista metaphysical, aragtida tuso dabiiciga ah ayaa sii waday in ay xukumaan. ka horreeyay Darwin ma xaliyaan arrimaha ugu waaweyn. Sidaas daraaddeed, ma waxaa la xaqiijiyay suurtagalnimada of mid ka mid noocee ah foomka noocyada cusub. Waxa aan la xalin iyo dhibaatada ku habboonaanta iyo waafajinta foomka organic cusub ee deegaanka. Iyo, ugu dambeyntii, waxaa furay su'aasha ah ee ciidamada sabab ah iyo horumarinta arrimaha.

Evolution, sida uu sheegay Darwin, wax ka qabashada arrimaha muhiimka ah ee horumarineed ee dabiiciga ah marka la eego Maadiga dabiici-cilmiyeed. Saameyn aad u weyn oo ku saabsan horumarinta cilmiga noolaha, cilmiga ka caawiyay in la xoojiyo fahamka ee dabiiciga ah oo dhan, codsanaya sharaxaad ka materialist oo ka mid ah ifafaale of dantiisa. Darwin ee uu aragtida waxaa loo ma ahan oo keliya codsatay macluumaad wax ku ool ah, laakiin sidoo kale si ba'an eegid gunaanad iyaga u gaar ah, iyada oo la tixgelinayo guulaha ay beeraha iyo biology guud ahaan.