MANPADS "Igla": sifooyinka, photos, codsiyada

Horeba inta lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee dunida duulista Lagaga ka badan masraxa dagaalka ayaa muhiim. howlgallada military Modern waaweyn waxaa weheliya isticmaalka boqolaal diyaaradaha, oo ay ku jiraan saarnayn. Si looga hortago halista hawada isticmaalo nidaamka difaaca hawada iyo difaaca gantaalaha, taas oo ku kala duwan yihiin sida ay mabda'a of action, gacan wax ku ool ah iyo heerka dhaqdhaqaaqa. In 70 sano, a nidaamka difaaca badan oo baahsan wearable hawada la qaadi karo oo loogu talagalay in ay ka hortagaan weerar hantida duulista taatiko, haatan wakiil helicopters weerarka, diyaaradaha, diyaaradaha weerarka iyo UAVs.

On the Army Ruush ka kooban yahay MANPADS "Igla". hub waxa ay leedahay oolnimada sare, ayaa xaqiijiyay by waayo-aragnimo ah ee dagaalka la isticmaalo (ilaa hadda oo kaliya ciidamada shisheeye), waa ay fududahay in la isticmaalo, la isku halayn karo, size yar iyo miisaan.

MANPADS in USSR

Horumarinta nidaamka guryaha gantaalada lidka diyaaradaha oo la kartida si loo bilaabo gano a toos ah uga soo garabka bilaabay in USSR ka hor. In qeybtii labaad ee 60 ciidankii Soviet uu leeyahay laba nooc oo ah nidaamka gantaalada difaaca hawada la qaadi karo ( "Arrow" iyo "Arrow-2"). hub waxa uu faa'iidooyin badan, kuwaas oo ka mid ahaayeen:

- muuqaalka lama filaan ah nidaamka hawada difaaca meelaha diyaaradaha cadowgaaga hortiisa halis aan loo dareemay,

- awood u leh inay u bartilmaameedsaday fogfog badan (in ka badan 4 km) iyo height ah oo u dhiganta in at kaas oo inta badan ay yihiin "shaqada" dhulka diyaaradaha bartilmaameed weerarkii ( "Skyhawk", "Phantom" ama "Skayrayder") - laga bilaabo 1500 in 3000 oo mitir,

- Hoos u deg deg ah in booska la geeyay;

- codsiga fudud iyo tababarka shaqaalaha, oo ay ku jiraan shisheeye;

- compactness qaraabada;

- xog la xiriirta xaaladaha kaydinta iyo gaadiidka.

Inkastoo dagaal sare tayada ahaayeen qaar ka mid ah daqiiqado ka xun, kaas oo khubaro militari ayaa dhaleeceeyay MANPADS "Strela". "Irbad" waxaa loogu talagalay si goan in si inaan ka gudbo dhibaatooyinka.

Beat oo kaliya ka dib markii, iyo xagga

khasaare ugu weyn ee "Fallaaro" waxay ahayd in ay awood u leh inay u bartilmaameedsaday ka dib markii ay sii wadi in ka badan si ay u qariyaan dambeeya shay. Sida caadiga ah diyaaradaha cadowga la toogtay Dejinaynaa kaliya ka dib markii layliga qaraxii ama gantaal kubad ka. Dabcan, "ka aarsan" Ciidamada difaacaneysa in ay ahaayeen haddii ay Arsenal lidka diyaaradaha naftooda ka badbaaday. "Arrow" garaacno goobka, iyo ciidankii dalbaday in hub ay ku dhaceen karaan diyaaradaha weerarka koorso isku dhaceen, oo rajaynaya magdhow ka iman kara.

Mararka qaarkood, iyadoo la isticmaalayo element ee lama filaan ah, waxaa suurto gal ahayd inay ku guulaystaan in kasta oo ay cillad design this - "qabsado" cadowga iyo keenaya in overflying diyaaradaha dharbaaxo ee sirreyda ah, ku hadhay lama dareemo. Sidaas 1969, ciidamada dalka Masar ballaaran u isticmaali u adag "Strela-2" la qaadi karo Israel "Phantom", ordaya at Joogga aad u hooseeya, ay ku dhinteen lix iyaga ka mid ah maalin kasta. Laakiin cadowga waa ay awoodaan in ay wax ku bartaan, sidaa ugu dhaqsaha badan wax ku oolnimada MANPADS Soviet hoos u dhacay, inkastoo faa'iidooyinka ay weli bedelno. Waxay leeyihiin saamayn nafsi ah, qasbo duuliye cadowga si joogto ah guuxa ka yar sarreysa oo waaweyn, marna dareen ammaan ah. Oo weliba waxaa lagama maarmaan ah si uu u doondoono awoodaha farsamo si ay ula kulmaan garaaca ah, halkii ay ka ahayd ka dib.

shaqo Dowladda SP loogama badin

khasaaro kale oo hantiyeen by "Fallaaro" iyo oo doonayay in ay ka fogaadaan u abuuray ee MANPADS "Igla", wuxuu ahaa la'aan ah madaxa qarxa dagaal xoog. Ma aha oo dhan garaacid bartilmaameedka in la damaanad qaado in ay burbur iyo xataa ku keeni karo dhaawac weyn. stormtroopers koboca kiciyey, biiyaha galay oo loola cararay gantaalo hanuun ah madaxa kaamerada, qalabka u adkeysan kara saamaynta sare kaamerada iyo gaeen, iyo diyaarad inta badan fursad u helay inuu ku soo laabto ay saldhig, ka dibna mar kale lagu dhiso ay halis ku sameeyey. Khalkhal iyo saamaynta "mugdiga galinaya" ruxruxo qaraxa durdur jet iyo xubno waxyeello. Iyada oo ay taasi lagama maarmaan ahayd in ay wax ka qaban.

In 1971, dawladda Soviet go'aansaday in la dhiso adag cusub, awood u leh inay la ugu casri ah iyo sare u dagaalami wakhtigaas by yahay weerar hawada heerka taatiko, kaas oo cadowga ka iman kara ku yeelan karto. Xafiiska design injineernimada Kolomenskoye ahaa shirkadda waalidka, shaqo la xiriira sameeya ururada kale (CDB nabadgelyada, Machadka Cilmi-baarista ee alaabtii lagu qiyaaso iyo ururka Leningrad ee LOMO). Hogaamiyaha ugu weyn oo ay dhowaan la sameeyey arrin dabiici ah u noqday Academician SP loogama badin. hubka cusub waxaa loo bixiyey MANPADS "Igla". sifooyinka (xawaaraha bartilmaameedka, iyo jaaniska of height baabba ') waa in ay leeyihiin, sida codsiga dawladda, si weyn u mustawaha "Fallaaro-3 (beddelid soo dhaafay).

Oo daabacna ha ka gees ah lagu daabacay

channel ugu weyn ee lagu beegsanayo gantaalaha diyaaradaha lagula dagaalamo ayaa dhaqan ahaan loo engine raad kulaylka ka tagay ee diyaaradda. Qaabkan ah go'aaminta jihada gano ahaa fudud, laakiin waxay lahayd ayna duleella u halis ah. Isla markii kiisaska ugu horeysay ee la isticmaalo wax ku ool ah oo ah diyaaradaha ka dhanka qalabka muuqday loogu talo galay inay ka dhumiyaan nidaamka radar kaamerada wakiil Pyrocartridges biqil in la abuuro bartilmaameed been ah. Sidaa darteed waxaa uu ahaa go'aansadeen in ay qalabeeyaan MANPADS "Igla" madaxa hanuun infrared dual-channel, qalabaysan photodetectors. Horumarinta nidaamka ah in kala saari karaa diyaarad dhab ah by raad kulaylka kaamerada "dabinka", dib u toddoba sannadood oo dheeraad ah, laakiin wuxuu ahaa lagu guulaysan. Waxaa cadaatay in ay farsamo ahaan adag tahay, oo kaliya ku filan in la xuso in photodetector ugu weyn ka dib markii turjumaad ah ee laga gano galay booska ka cayrinta waa la qaboojiyey in ay heerkul ah mid aad u yar ayaa ku dhow inay eber buuxda (-200 ° C). Sidaas darteed of dadaalladaas, nidaamka si toos ah, qalabaysan macquulka ah, isbarbar akhrinta labada dareemayaal. Oo haddii heerka signal channel dheeraadka ah waa ka hooseeyaa dhulka, ujeedadu waxaa lagu qeexaa sida wax shuqliya, iyo raadinta waa la fuliyay iyo inta uu gantaal ku ma arki doono wax runta ah.

Waxaa jira hal su'aal farsamo muhiim ah oo xalka ayaa si wayn kor waxtarka dagaalka ee MANPADS "Igla". sifooyinka survivability diyaaradaha weerarka Advanced ku xiran tahay meesha of xiriir la gano ah, iyo biiyaha - ma waa qumman yahay, sidaa darteed isku geynta fiiqaya siisaa doorasho dheeraad ah, siinta wax isbedel ah oo dulinka jihada of gantaal (wareeg dhamaystiran) ee ku yaal wajiga ugu danbeeya ee dhabbihii si shot ku dhuftay sooctey. Si aad u qabtaan bilawday dhismaha madfac bixisaa thrusters dheeraad ah.

nidaamka hanuun iyo fiyuusyada

KB Injineerro si kasta oo isku dayay in uu yareeyo miisaanka dhismaha la qaadi karo "Igla". MANPADS waa hub fikir is haysta, waxaa loogu tala galay in loo isticmaalo by hal askari. walax-engeeg Mass ku jira qeybta la dagaalanka gantaal ah, waa isku mid sida ee "Hoargaysa" (1170 g), laakiin tamarta (qarxa) xoog badan tahay. Intaa waxaa dheer, waa xalka xad macquul ahayd in ay isticmaalaan shidaalka lacageedyo sida awood halis ah oo dheeraad ah, oo waa qalab gaar ah oo loo yaqaan matoor qarxa. Muuqo qarxiye this waxaa keena keneen amarka ugu weyn iyo qaadataa hab xoogaa gaabis shidaalka gubanaya ee ah reaction kiimikada degdeg ah ee lagu qayilo la sii daayo of xaddi weyn ee tamarta. Fusing laba: xidhiidhka (shaqeysiin by xiriir toos ah) iyo induction (xannibay field magnetic fog diirada). nooca BLT --qarxa sare.

hay'adaha guud iyo qalabka

MPADS "irbad" sida kaxeynayo kale la qaadi karo heer taatikada VOP waa tube Launcher taas oo guf gantaal ah, inaanu ergonomic ah. Si aad u tegey gantaal ma dhaawici kara jabkii dhabta ah, geedi socodka laga bilaabo wuxuu u qaybsan yahay laba marxaladood. Marka ugu horeysa, isla markiiba ka dib hawshooda u ah ee rasaasta, ejection gantaal dhacdaa ka foosto habka kharash yar awood gaar ah. Ka dib markii dhowr mitir ka laser duulimaadka furitanka Launcher ku jirase aad u qabata aasaasiga ah (propulsion) ee lagu gano adag. Isla mar ahaantaana qufulka laga saaro marxaladda ugu horeysay, ka hortagga madaxa shil qaraxa. Ugu dambeyntii yimaado gantaalaha ee dagaal xaalad xitaa dhowr ilbiriqsi ka dib, duulaya 250 mitir.

Ka sokow tube furitaanka ka kooban 9P322 gantaal oo ka soo saarka hal isticmaal, MPADS Xirmada "Irbad" qalabaysan iyo farganka ah (9P519-1) ka 1L14 interrogator ah (waa mid qaali ah oo adag, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa marar badan) iyo kiniin electronic 1L15-1, (waayo, hi-dhaafsiga macluumaadka hawl xaaladda gaadiidka).

Waayo, codsiga group ayaa sidoo kale u baahan doonaa Isbaaro mobile. Si aad u hubiso nidaamka serviceability oo gacanta ku horumartay set gaar ah KPS.

In "Igla-1" ka "Strela" dhaxlay

In qeybtii labaad ee todobaatanaadkii iyo qaab iyo macaamiisha u caddaatay in wakhtigiisa xafiiska mashiinka-dhismaha Kolomenskoye uusan taam ma. Dib u dhac keena dib u dhac ah ee horumarinta ee alaabta 9E140 (qariyay). Waxaa soo baxay in ay noqon arrin adag, Abuurkiisa waxaa la socda dhibaatooyin badan. Gantaal waxay ahayd dhow. In si ay u dedejiso socodka ee tusaalaha ah by Army Soofiyeeti iyo fududeynta milmaan dheeraad ah ee technology cusub, waxaa la go'aamiyay u dhexeeya. MANPADS "Igla-1", ay qaateen Guddiga State ee 1978, waxaa lagu qalabaysan hal-channel GSN by "Fallaaro". Marka ay tani adag cusub khilaafay kordhay lacag xoog iyo sifooyinka farsamo aad u fiican (kordhay ilaa 5.2 km gacan codsiga, waa ujeedooyin suurto gal counterpropagating nabar). imtixaanka In 1982, ayaa ugu dambeyntii dhameystirtay of qariyay dual-channel, waxay ku daray nidaamka difaaca hawada la qaadi karo cusub ee hore, loo yaqaan MANPADS "Igla-2."

beddelka "Irbad" "A", "H" iyo "C"

Complex yeedhay dhererka bilaabay tube adag Ghadafi waa 1 m 70 cm - celcelis ahaan height aadanaha. Gaar ahaan diidmo oo khatar ah ka yimid paratroopers bilaabay dalbanayaan more isafgaradka. hoos "Eagle" Special waxaa la abuuray iyaga. MANPADS booska duubnaadaan gaaban by 60 cm.

Bedelida ah "H" waxa lagu gartaa madaxa brisant awoodda sare. feature isla sidoo kale caan ku version saddexaad ee dhismaha, helay index "C". Laakiin marka laga soo tago wanaajiyey warhead qaybsanaanta sare-qarxa, gantaal uu leeyahay fiyuuska ah dual (oo ay ku jiraan contactless) iyo tayada kale oo muhiim ah, sababtoo ah kuwaas oo qalab ah si loo yaqaan. "C" - taasoo la micno ah "oo laabma", meel gaadiidka - qeybtii.

sifooyinka

MANPADS TTX "Igla" cajiib ah oo waafaqsan shuruudaha qarnigii XXI degdeg ah. xawaaraha of gantaal ku saabsan habka ay u goolkii - in ka badan 2,100 km / h. Fogaan ah 5200 m in diyaarad helicopter ah ama a, duulaya xawaare ka mid ah ilaa 1150 km / h ee Joogga ilaa 2500 m lagu dhuftay karaa ka dib jaaniska ah 63%.

Marka rasaas on koorsada isku dhaceen xawaaraha bartilmaameed noqon kartaa sare ilaa 1300 km / h. Transfer of gaari xaalad dagaal oo adag la qaadi karo waxay noqon kartaa yar sida 13 ilbiriqsi.

Oo intaas oo dhammu tirooyinka qalalan macnaheedu fursado wayn, taas oo uu leeyahay oo kaliya hal askari, hubeysan MANPADS 9K38 "Igla". Wuxuu walxaha low-duulaya, sida helicopters weerar iyo gantaalaha, kuwaas oo ay sabab u tahay flatness ee dhabbihii ay yihiin kuwo aad halis u ah ciidamada dhulka ka qaban karin.

Intaas waxaa sii dheer, nidaam ay gacanta ku waa awoodaa in la kala saaro mahad diyaaradaha cadowga ku ah nidaamka aqoonsiga dhafan "saaxiib ama col".

erayada gaarka ah u qalmo iyo fududaato in la isticmaalo of MANPADS "Igla". diiwaanka dagaalka kuma jiraan tiro badan oo ah dhibcood la samayn karaa laga bilaabo boos kasta, oo ay ku jiraan on board baabuur dhaqaaqin. Marka shaqaale ah ayaa laga helay bartilmaameedka, uu bilaabo biibiile in shay diraya, riixdo "Start" button. Next, wax kasta oo dhaca in xoogaa ilbiriqsiyo ah, haddana waxa ay tahay oo kaliya in ay la socdaan diyaarad gantaal ah, haddii ay tahay, dabcan, waxaa jira waqti.

waayo-aragnimo ee codsiga

In ciidammadii ka badan afar dal darsin waa MANPADS nidaamka lidka diyaaradaha la qaadi karo "Igla". Its codsiga ciidamada Ciraaq sanadkii 1991 sababay khasaaraha ka mid ah dhowr diyaaradaha isbahaysiga Ciidamada Cirka ayaa soo bandhigay waxtarka ee noocan ah ee hubka Ruush sare, xitaa in xakamaynta gebi ahaanba difaaca hawada iyo weeraryahanka sarraynta hawada. In ka badan labaatankii sano ee la soo dhaafay qaybo kala duwan ee dunida waxaa jiray dagaallo badan oo hubaysan iyo dagaallo hadalhayntood. Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid leeyihiin hal ama dhinaca kale loo isticmaalaa MANPADS "Igla". Xarakada Photo iyo ciidamada dowladda oo la "tuubooyinka" caadiga ah, iyo sidoo kale dhaawac iyo burbur diyaarad lagu muujiyo xoogga dilaaga ah ee difaaca this hawada yar.

In taariikhda post-Soviet of caan ah "irbad" laga yaabee in ay ku doodi karaan in caanka ah "Kalashnikov". Ogyahay heshiis la soo dhaafay weyn ee sahayda ee Dufcaddii badan oo ka mid ah kaxeynayo in Ciidamada Qalabka Sida Malaysia ah. horumar ah ee design nidaamka, taas oo keentay in la kordhiyo ilaa lix kilomitir gacan isticmaalka dagaalka ah "cirbado"-habeynta "Super". MANPADS Kuwani, iyo sidoo kale cusub, weli qarsoon shaybaarka si buuxda hubeynayeen doona ciidamada dalka Ruushka in mustaqbalka dhow.